This document discusses adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems for vehicles. It describes how ACC uses sensors like radar and lidar to detect vehicles ahead and control the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe distance. More advanced cooperative ACC systems allow vehicles to communicate with each other to coordinate speed and avoid collisions. The document outlines the sensor options, controller systems, advantages like safety and fuel efficiency, and challenges to widespread adoption of ACC technologies.
This document discusses adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems for vehicles. It describes how ACC uses sensors like radar and lidar to detect vehicles ahead and control the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe distance. More advanced cooperative ACC systems allow vehicles to communicate with each other to coordinate speed and avoid collisions. The document outlines the sensor options, controller systems, advantages like safety and fuel efficiency, and challenges to widespread adoption of ACC technologies.
This document discusses adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems for vehicles. It describes how ACC uses sensors like radar and lidar to detect vehicles ahead and control the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe distance. More advanced cooperative ACC systems allow vehicles to communicate with each other to coordinate speed and avoid collisions. The document outlines the sensor options, controller systems, advantages like safety and fuel efficiency, and challenges to widespread adoption of ACC technologies.
This document discusses adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems for vehicles. It describes how ACC uses sensors like radar and lidar to detect vehicles ahead and control the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe distance. More advanced cooperative ACC systems allow vehicles to communicate with each other to coordinate speed and avoid collisions. The document outlines the sensor options, controller systems, advantages like safety and fuel efficiency, and challenges to widespread adoption of ACC technologies.
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ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL
By Mandeep Singh &
Vinod Kumar INTRODUCTION ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL (ACC) SENSOR OPTIONS LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) FUSION SENSOR SPACE OF MANEUVERABILITY AND STOPPING DISTANCE CONTROLLER ARTIFICIAL COGNITION CO OPERATIVE ADAPTIVE CRUISE CONTROL [CACC] ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES CONCLUSION REFERENCES Everyday the media brings us the horrible news on road accidents. Once a report said that the damaged property and other costs may equal 3 % of the world’s gross domestic product. The concept of assisting driver in longitudinal vehicle control to avoid collisions has been a major focal point of research at many automobile companies and research organizations. Currently three means of object detection are technically feasible and applicable in a vehicle environment . They are: RADAR LIDAR FUSION SENSORS The first acc system introduced by Toyota used this method. By measuring the beat frequency difference between a Frequency Modulated Continuous light Wave (FMCW) and its reflection . RADAR is an electromagnetic system for the detection and location of reflecting objects like air crafts, ships, space crafts or vehicles. It is operated by radiating energy into space and detecting the echo signal reflected from an object (target) the reflected energy is not only indicative of the presence but on comparison with the transmitted signal, other information of the target can be obtained. The new sensor system introduced by Fujitsu Ten Ltd. and Honda through their PATH program includes millimeter wave radar linked to a 640x480 pixel stereo camera with a 40 degree viewing angle. These two parts work together to track the car from the non- moving objects. The space of maneuverability is the space required by the driver to maneuver a vehicle. An average driver uses larger sideways acceleration while vehicle speed is low. The controller translates the situation into appropriate actions through brake and pedal and throttle control actions. Depending on the present traffic situation, two types of controls are possible. Speed control Headway control If there is no vehicle presently in front, then the speed is controlled about a set point just as in conventional cruise control. But in order to keep a safe distance between the vehicles, the headway control is required. The conversion of raw information from sensors to control actions by the two steps:- Analyzing the traffic conditions Deciding on a particular situation The controller translates the desired situation into appropriate control action through brake and throttle actuation. The controller concept is simplified in the flow- diagram: Though conventional ACC and SACC are still expensive novelties, the next generation called Cooperative ACC is already being tested. While ACC can respond to the difference between its own behavior and that of the preceding vehicle, the CACC system allows the vehicles to communicate and to work together to avoid collision. The driver is relieved from the task of careful acceleration, deceleration and braking in congested traffics. A highly responsive traffic system that adjusts itself to avoid accidents can be developed. Since the breaking and acceleration are done in a systematic way, the fuel efficiency of the vehicle is increased. A cheap version is not yet realized. A high market penetration is required if a society of intelligent vehicles is to be formed. Encourages the driver to become careless. It can lead to severe accidents if the system is malfunctioning. The accidents caused by automobiles are injuring lakhs of people every year. The safety measures starting from air bags and seat belts have now reached to ACC, SACC and CACC systems. The researchers of Intelligent Vehicles Initiative in USA and the Ertico program of Europe are working on technologies that may ultimately lead to vehicles that are wrapped in a cocoon of sensors with a 360 –degree view of their surroundings. www.google.com www.wikipedia.com
