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Solar Energy & Off Grid Application

The document discusses solar energy systems for both on-grid and off-grid applications. It describes how solar panels can convert sunlight directly into electricity to generate power. Off-grid systems can work independently without relying on the electric grid, allow power to be stored, and are ideal for remote areas without grid access. Charge controllers regulate power flow from solar panels to battery banks, with PWM and MPPT controllers described as two main types. The document provides details on how each type of controller works and the benefits of MPPT controllers in matching the load to the solar panel for maximum efficiency. It also discusses other components needed like inverters to convert DC to AC, and ways to extend the life of off-grid solar power systems.

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Ankit Mittal
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113 views18 pages

Solar Energy & Off Grid Application

The document discusses solar energy systems for both on-grid and off-grid applications. It describes how solar panels can convert sunlight directly into electricity to generate power. Off-grid systems can work independently without relying on the electric grid, allow power to be stored, and are ideal for remote areas without grid access. Charge controllers regulate power flow from solar panels to battery banks, with PWM and MPPT controllers described as two main types. The document provides details on how each type of controller works and the benefits of MPPT controllers in matching the load to the solar panel for maximum efficiency. It also discusses other components needed like inverters to convert DC to AC, and ways to extend the life of off-grid solar power systems.

Uploaded by

Ankit Mittal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SOLAR ENERGY

& Off Grid


Application
SOLAR ENERGY
Conversion Of Direct Sunlight Into Energy To Generate Electricity.
ON GRID SYSTEM

Cost-effective
Earn by Selling power
OFF GRID SYSTEM
Hybrid System
BENEFITS
 Work independently
 Do not rely on the grid.
 Power can be stored for future.
 Ideal for remote areas where there is no
power access from the grid.
 Grid failures and shutdowns will not affect
your power supply.
CHARGE CONTROLLER
Regulates the power flowing from the solar
panel into the battery bank

PWM MPPT
Controller Controller
The difference between PWM and MPPT solar
charge controllers
With a PWM controller the current is drawn
out of the panel at just above the battery
voltage, whereas
With an MPPT controller the current is
drawn out of the panel at the panel “maximum
power voltage” (think of an MPPT controller
as being a “smart DC-DC converter”)
PWM:

 A PWM (pulse width modulation) controller can be thought of as an


(electronic) switch between the solar panels and the battery:
 The switch is ON when the charger mode is in bulk charge mode
 The switch is “flicked” ON and OFF as needed (pulse width modulated) to
hold the battery voltage at the absorption voltage
 The switch is OFF at the end of absorption while the battery voltage
drops to the float voltage
 The switch is once again “flicked” ON and OFF as needed (pulse width
modulated) to hold the battery voltage at the float voltage
 Note that when the switch is OFF the panel voltage will be at the open
circuit voltage (Voc) and when the switch is ON the panel voltage will be
at the battery voltage + voltage drops between the panel and the
controller.
Mppt
 The MPPT controller could be considered to be a “smart DC-DC converter”, i.e. it drops
the panel voltage (hence “house panels” could be used) down to the voltage required to
charge the battery. The current is increased in the same ratio as the voltage is dropped
(ignoring heating losses in the electronics), just like a conventional step-down DC-DC
converter.
 The “smart” element in the DC-DC converter is the monitoring of the maximum power
point of the panel which will vary during the day with the sun strength and angle, panel
temperature, shading and panel(s) health. The “smarts” then adjusts the input voltage of
the DC-DC converter – in “engineering speak” it provides a matched load to the panel.
 The best panel match for an MPPT controller:
 To match a panel to an MPPT controller it is advisable to check the following:
 The panel open circuit voltage (Voc) must be under the permitted voltage.
 The Voc must be above the “start voltage” for the controller to “kick-in”
 The maximum panel short circuit current (Isc) must be within the range specified
 The maximum array wattage - some controllers allow this to be “over-sized”, e.g the
Redarc Manager 30 is permitted to have up to 520W attached
Alignment of solar panel
WHAT AN APPLIANCE DEMAND?
An appliance to work through solar the load
need to be converted on :

12V DC
230V AC
200V DC
Heart of Off Grid system

How can I Thought of what


increase life of makes Off Grid
system to work? system work?
Battery Healing
TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPED BY
NISE & RTPL

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