This document discusses malaria, how it is transmitted via mosquito bites, and what is known about controlling and eliminating it. Key points are that malaria parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Prevention methods include indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated bed nets, and antimalarial drugs. The goal is global eradication by driving transmission down to zero infections and sustaining that for three years, which constitutes country-level malaria elimination. New tools like drugs that kill all parasite stages and vaccines that interrupt transmission are needed to achieve this goal.
This document discusses malaria, how it is transmitted via mosquito bites, and what is known about controlling and eliminating it. Key points are that malaria parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Prevention methods include indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated bed nets, and antimalarial drugs. The goal is global eradication by driving transmission down to zero infections and sustaining that for three years, which constitutes country-level malaria elimination. New tools like drugs that kill all parasite stages and vaccines that interrupt transmission are needed to achieve this goal.
This document discusses malaria, how it is transmitted via mosquito bites, and what is known about controlling and eliminating it. Key points are that malaria parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Prevention methods include indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated bed nets, and antimalarial drugs. The goal is global eradication by driving transmission down to zero infections and sustaining that for three years, which constitutes country-level malaria elimination. New tools like drugs that kill all parasite stages and vaccines that interrupt transmission are needed to achieve this goal.
This document discusses malaria, how it is transmitted via mosquito bites, and what is known about controlling and eliminating it. Key points are that malaria parasites are transmitted through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Prevention methods include indoor residual spraying, insecticide-treated bed nets, and antimalarial drugs. The goal is global eradication by driving transmission down to zero infections and sustaining that for three years, which constitutes country-level malaria elimination. New tools like drugs that kill all parasite stages and vaccines that interrupt transmission are needed to achieve this goal.
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Malaria
a story of ELIMINATION
A partnership of: T oday, we know some things about malaria... We know the main culprits parasites & mosquitoes...
Malaria parasites Female mosquitoes
(genre: Plasmodium) (genre: Anopheles) We know how it’s transferred to people... and more people and more.... and more…
and more…
Transmission of parasites via
mosquito bite We know how to control it: prevention
vs mosquitoes vs vector-human vs the parasite
contact
Indoor residual Insecticide treated Drugs
spraying bed nets (prophylactic use)
Environmental interventions
Larvicides We know how to control it: diagnosis & treatment
Microscopy
Other drugs
ACTs (Artemisinin-based Rapid Diagnostic Combination Therapies) Tests We know how far we’ve come...
1900
Malaria endemic areas
1946
Malaria endemic areas
1975
Malaria endemic areas
2002
Malaria endemic areas
2010
Malaria endemic areas
...and we know 99 countries are still malaria endemic, although
5 have been acknowledged by WHO as
“MALARIA FREE” in the past six years: United Arab Emirates Morocco & Turkmenistan Armenia Kazakhstan
2007 2010 2011 2012
We also know just how far we NEED to go: In 2010
Malaria Currently
1/2 Killed an estimated
660, 000 of the world
People population with an estimated lives in 219 million countries where cases transmission continues In Africa, the economic growth is hindered every year due to the costs associated to malaria …and we must face the daily BURDEN In some African countries the cost to prevent and of treat the disease may be up to 1/3 of the families total annual income MALARIA In countries like Tanzania, they spend nearly 40% of their entire health budget to fight malaria On top of ALL of this we face significant CHALLENGES:
Resistance to Resistance to Environmental
Drugs Insecticides Changes On top of ALL of this we face significant CHALLENGES: and most importantly:
Risk of reintroduction Sustaining Sustaining political
& resurgence funds commitment & public awareness oday’s malaria T story is about control & elimination, and working together towards global eradication.
But available tools are
not enough in some parts of the world… “ The dream of ending this scourge of humanity is within reach, but demands our BEST COLLECTIVE EFFORTS” - Joint statement of the Malaria Eradication Research Agenda (malERA) Initiative Leadership Council, January 2011. Malaria elimination means:
1. NO local transmission 2. ZERO infections in a defined-geographical area
Transmission of parasites To achieve elimination, we must treat infections and prevent mosquitoes from passing the parasites In other words, we need to interrupt transmission and eliminate all reservoirs that one infection… BLOCKING transmission does not cause another…
means …and another
R0 1< = less than one new infection per existing infection New insecticides New drugs that kill all Vaccines that interrupt stages of the parasite malaria transmission life cycle
Malaria elimination is strengthening R&D to develop new ways of interrupting transmission ...with these NEW TOOLS & STRATEGIES we aim to:
Drive down transmission and block it
Eliminate the very last infections
Keep infection rate at zero
0 malaria infection 3 years with NO local malaria transmission = ELIMINATION Elimination worldwide =
ERADICATION Eradication = LIBERATION from malaria for all of humanity For more information:
