The document defines matrices and vectors. It discusses some basic definitions and operations for matrices including transposition, inversion, and multiplication. Matrix addition and scalar multiplication are introduced along with rules for these operations. Matrix multiplication is also covered, explaining how it represents linear transformations. Special types of matrices like symmetric, triangular, and diagonal matrices are defined.
The document defines matrices and vectors. It discusses some basic definitions and operations for matrices including transposition, inversion, and multiplication. Matrix addition and scalar multiplication are introduced along with rules for these operations. Matrix multiplication is also covered, explaining how it represents linear transformations. Special types of matrices like symmetric, triangular, and diagonal matrices are defined.
The document defines matrices and vectors. It discusses some basic definitions and operations for matrices including transposition, inversion, and multiplication. Matrix addition and scalar multiplication are introduced along with rules for these operations. Matrix multiplication is also covered, explaining how it represents linear transformations. Special types of matrices like symmetric, triangular, and diagonal matrices are defined.
The document defines matrices and vectors. It discusses some basic definitions and operations for matrices including transposition, inversion, and multiplication. Matrix addition and scalar multiplication are introduced along with rules for these operations. Matrix multiplication is also covered, explaining how it represents linear transformations. Special types of matrices like symmetric, triangular, and diagonal matrices are defined.
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MATRICES AND VECTORS
Kelompok 4 : 1. Mujahidah (5213419009) 2. Susi Arfiana (5213419014) 3. Bagus Ungguh Setiadi (5213419017) 4. Dian Setya Andri S. (5213419026) 5. Muria Arya Dinata (5213419041) 6. Diani Lestari (5213419042) 7. Falihil Izza Z. (5213419047) 8. Moh. Dafi Najuda (5213419054) BASICS OF MATRICES AND VECTORS SOME DEFINITIONS AND TERMS A. Matrices 1. Matrices A form 2 x 2
2. Matrices A form n x n
a11, a12, … = Rows
a11, a21, … = Columns a11, a22, … = Diagonal SOME FURTHER OPERATIONS AND TERMS
A. Transposition 1. Transpose of the 2 x 2 matrix
2. Transpose of a column vector
B. Inverse of a Matrix If AB = BA = I, then A is called nonsingular and B is called the inverse of A and is denoted by 𝑨−𝟏 , thus
The inverse exists if the determinant det A of A is not
zero. If A has no inverse, it is called singular. For, n = 2 EIGENVALUES, EIGENVECTORS
Vector
Matrix Scalar
We can write,
For these equations to have a solution , the determinant of the
coefficient matrix must be zero. in components,
This quadratic equation in is called the characteristic equation of A.
7.1 MATRICES, VECTORS: ADDITION AND SCALAR MULTIPLICATION LINEAR SYSTEMS, A MAJOR APPLICATION OF MATRICES Example : VECTORS ADDITION AND SCALAR MULTIPLICATION OF MATRICES AND VECTORS
Definition EXAMPLE DEFINITION
Example DEFINITION
Example RULES FOR MATRIX ADDITION AND SCALAR MULTIPLICATION
Hence matrix addition is commutative and associative [by
(3a) and (3b)]. Similarly, for scalar multiplication we obtain the rules 7.2 MATRIX MULTIPLICATION MATRIX MULTIPLICATION MATRIX MULTIPLICATION
Rule of Matrix Since matrix multiplication is a multiplication of rows into columns, we can write the defining formula more compactly as :
where is the jth row vector of A and is the kth column vector of B, so that : PARALLEL PROCESSING OF PRODUCTS ON THE COMPUTER Facilitated for computing C = AB , which is used by standard algorithms (such as in Lapack). In this method, A is used as given, B is taken in terms of its column vectors, and the product is computed columnwise. Thus,
Computing Products Columnwise
MOTIVATION OF MULTIPLICATION BY LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS For n = 2 variables these transformations are of the form
In vectorial form we can write as
In another linear which x1x2 the -system is related to a w1w2-system
the y1y2-system is related to the w1w2-system indirectly via the x1x2-
system, thus : Indeed, substituting x = Bw into y = Ax, we obtain :
Comparing this with y = Cw, we see that :
TRANSPOSITION
Rules for transposition :
SPECIAL MATRICES 1. Symmetric and Skew-Symmetric Matrices
2. Upper and Lower Triangular Matrices
3. Diagonal Matrix D, Scalar Matrix S, Unit Matrix I
