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Methymycin Biosynthesis Pathway

This document summarizes the biosynthesis pathway of the macrolide antibiotic methymycin produced by Streptomyces venezuelae. It proceeds through a type I polyketide synthase pathway where acyltransferase, acyl carrier protein, and ketosynthase enzymes sequentially condense acyl-CoA starters and extend the polyketide chain. The PikA protein complex performs the initial elongation and reduction steps to form a macrolactone ring, which is then glycosylated by Des protein to attach deoxyamino sugar. Further hydroxylation by PikC cytochrome P450 yields the final products, with gene regulation controlled by PikD and self-protection provided by PikR

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Refsya Azanti Putri
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125 views15 pages

Methymycin Biosynthesis Pathway

This document summarizes the biosynthesis pathway of the macrolide antibiotic methymycin produced by Streptomyces venezuelae. It proceeds through a type I polyketide synthase pathway where acyltransferase, acyl carrier protein, and ketosynthase enzymes sequentially condense acyl-CoA starters and extend the polyketide chain. The PikA protein complex performs the initial elongation and reduction steps to form a macrolactone ring, which is then glycosylated by Des protein to attach deoxyamino sugar. Further hydroxylation by PikC cytochrome P450 yields the final products, with gene regulation controlled by PikD and self-protection provided by PikR

Uploaded by

Refsya Azanti Putri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Methymycin Biosynthesis

Pathway
INTRODUCTION

 Metimisin merupakan antibiotic makrolida yang


dihasilkan dari Streptomyces venezuelae.
 Ditemukan pada tahun 1954
 Bekerja dg menghambat sintesis protein bateri
 Prekursor : asam piruvat
 Starter unit : asetil CoA,
 Variasi rangkaian
- Metimisin : 5 x C3 + 1 x C2
BIOSYNTHESIS PATHWAY
 Glukosa 

dTDP D-desosamine

Methymycin

10- deoxymethinolide

ACP

+ (Acyl
carrier protein)
Biosintesis Makrolida
 Mengalami tipe I sintesis poliketida
 Melalui kondensasi derivate asam karboksilat berupa : perpanjangan rantai
poliketida dan proses reduksi B-keto.
 Perpanjangan rantai memerlukan minimal 3 protein yang terlibat:
- Acyl transferase (AT)
- Acyl- carrier protein (ACP)
- Ketosinthase (KS)
 Proses reduksi B-keto :
- Ketoreduktase (KR) : keton > alkohol
- Dehidratase (DH) : penghilangan air pd alcohol > alkena ( alfa-beta
unsaturated bond)
- Enoylreduktase (ER) : alkena > alkana
 Thioesterase (TE) : mengakhiri proses biosintesis dg membentuk makrolaktam
Tahap Biosintesis (Gen yang terlibat)

 Sintesis Poliketida (PKS) : PikA


 Desosamine biosynthesis : des Reaksi Utama

 Cytocrome P450 hydroxylase : PikC


 Aktivator transkripsi antibiotic : PikD
 Self-protection to host (S. venezuelae) :
PikR
PikA
 PikA I-IV : single loading module (elongation and reduction system)
 PikA V : pembentukan macrolactone
 Produk : 10-deoxy methynolide (12-membered ring macrolacton) dan
narbonolide (14-membered ring macrolacton)

Des
 Makrolakton berikatan dg deoxyamino sugar (desosamine) pada C5 melalui
aktivitas des VII glykosilasi.
 Produk : 12 membered ring macrolide (YC-17), narbomicin (14 membered ring
macrolide
PikC
: hidroksilasi oleh PikC sitokrom P450
Produk :
- 12 membered ring : Methymicin, Neometymicin, novametimicin
- 14 membered ring : pikromicin, novapikromicin, neopikromicin

PikD dan PikR


 PikD gene : encode a transcriptional regulatory factor
 PikR gene : provide self-protection to S. venezuelae host
Methymycin

: C3

: C2
Sumber :
SEKIAN
TERIMA KASIH

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