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A World of Regions

Countries form regional organizations and alliances to cope with the challenges of globalization by pooling resources and coordinating policies. Regions are socially constructed and defined by policymakers rather than natural formations. Examples include the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Regionalization refers to the concentration of economic flows between countries in a region, while regionalism is the political process of coordinating economic policies. Countries respond economically and politically to globalization in different ways depending on their size and resources. Reasons for forming regional associations include military defense, pooling resources to gain leverage in trade, protecting independence from superpowers, and responding to economic crises.

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Allen Torio
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2K views11 pages

A World of Regions

Countries form regional organizations and alliances to cope with the challenges of globalization by pooling resources and coordinating policies. Regions are socially constructed and defined by policymakers rather than natural formations. Examples include the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Regionalization refers to the concentration of economic flows between countries in a region, while regionalism is the political process of coordinating economic policies. Countries respond economically and politically to globalization in different ways depending on their size and resources. Reasons for forming regional associations include military defense, pooling resources to gain leverage in trade, protecting independence from superpowers, and responding to economic crises.

Uploaded by

Allen Torio
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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A World of

Regions
Governments, associations,
societies and groups form
regional organizations and /or
networks as a way of coping
A World of with the challenges of
Regions globalization.
Countries form regional
alliance – as there is strength
in numbers
It is also a process and must be
treated as an emergent, socially
constituted phenomenon. It
means that Regions are not
A World of
Regions natural or given rather they are
constructed and defined by
policymakers , economic actors
and even social movements.
Example – ASEAN
Group of countries located
in the same geographically
specified area or an
Definition of amalgamation of two or
Regions
more regions organized to
regulate and oversee flows
and policy choices.
Regionalization – regional
concentration of economic flows
Regionalism – political process
characterized by economic policy
Regionalization cooperation and coordination
and Regionalism among countries
should not be  often seen as a political and
interchanged economic phenomenon but it
actually encompasses a broader
area. It can be examined in relation
to identities, ethics, religion,
ecological sustainability and health.
Some are large enough and
have a lot of resources to
Countries dictate how they participate in
respond processes of global
economically &
politically to integration.
globalization in China for example offers its
various ways. cheap and huge workforce to
attract foreign businesses and
expand trade with countries.
Other countries make up for
Countries their small size by taking
respond advantage of their strategic
economically & location.
politically to Singapore and Switzerland
globalization in
various ways. compensate their lack of
resources by turning
themselves into financial and
banking hubs.
1. Military Defense
Examples:
 NATO –North Atlantic Treaty
Organization - most widely known
Reasons in defense grouping, formed during
forming regional the cold war of Western European
countries and US to protect Europe
associations . against Soviet Union.
 Warsaw Pact – Eastern European
countries under Soviet domination.
 RP US Military Bases Agreement /
treaty, signed on March 16, 1947
2. To pool resources, get better
returns for their exports as well as
expand their leverage (advantage)
against trading partners
Reasons in  Ex. OPEC – Organization of the Petroleum
forming regional Exporting countries to regulate production
associations . and sale of oil by Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi
Arabia and Venezuela.
 Took over domestic production and dictated
oil price in the world market in the 1970’s.
Became so powerful that they convinced 9
other producers to join.
3. To protect independence - from
the pressures of superpower
politics.
Reasons in Nam – Non Aligned Movement – to
forming regional pursue world peace and intl
associations . cooperation. Refused to side with
either the First World capitalist in
Western Europe or the communist
states in Eastern Europe.
4. Economic Crisis compels
countries to come together
 Ex. Thai economy collapsed in 1996 – after
foreign currency speculators and troubled
Reasons in international banks demanded that the
forming regional government pay back its loans. Withdrawal
associations . of foreign investments bankrupted the
economy. This crisis spread to other Asian
countries that devalued their currency.
 ASEAN countries – agreed to establish an
emergency fund

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