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Tephigramp

The tephigram is a thermodynamic diagram that allows analysis of radiosonde profiles for stability and calculations involving moisture content. It plots temperature on the x-axis and entropy on the y-axis, with pressure lines added as isopleths. The diagram is rotated 45 degrees so pressure lines are quasi-horizontal. Temperature and dew point data from radiosonde profiles can then be plotted on the tephigram. Additional lines show saturated adiabats, mass mixing ratios, and areas of stable or unstable air. Examples demonstrate how tephigrams can analyze moisture and stability characteristics.

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Frederich
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50 views8 pages

Tephigramp

The tephigram is a thermodynamic diagram that allows analysis of radiosonde profiles for stability and calculations involving moisture content. It plots temperature on the x-axis and entropy on the y-axis, with pressure lines added as isopleths. The diagram is rotated 45 degrees so pressure lines are quasi-horizontal. Temperature and dew point data from radiosonde profiles can then be plotted on the tephigram. Additional lines show saturated adiabats, mass mixing ratios, and areas of stable or unstable air. Examples demonstrate how tephigrams can analyze moisture and stability characteristics.

Uploaded by

Frederich
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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The tephigram

• Allows a radiosonde profile to be analysed


for stability
• Allows calculations involving moisture
content (e.g. saturated adiabatic lapse
rate) to be performed graphically
• Is very confusing at first sight!
Basic idea
• Plot temperature
as x-axis and
entropy as y
• dS = cpdlnθ so
we plot
temperature
versus lnθ
Adding pressure
Our measurements
are of temperature
and pressure, so we
want to represent
pressure on the plot.
The curved lines are
isopleths of constant
pressure, in mb.
Rotating plot and plotting profile
The diagram is rotated through 45°
so that the pressure lines are quasi-
horizontal

Temperature and Dew point are


plotted on the diagram. Dew point
is simply plotted as a temperature.
Here:
Pressure, mb Temp., °C Dew point, °C

1000 20 15
900 10 9
850 11 5
700 0 -15
500 -25 -40
300 -50 -55
200 -60
100 -60
Adding Moisture information
• Dew point is a measure of moisture
content. The tephigram can be used to
convert (TD,T) to mixing ratio
• Mass mixing ratio isopleths are light
dashed lines. Units are g kg-1
• Curved lines are saturated adiabats – the
path a saturated parcel of air follows on
adiabatic ascent
The Tephigram

Saturated
adiabatic

Constant
Mixing
ratio
Example 1
Pressure, Temp., °C Dew point,
mb °C

1000 7 6 Tropopause
920 7 7

870 6 0

840 3.5 -1.5

700 -8 -16

500 -27 -36


Inversion
layer
300 -58
Saturated air
250 -67
(T = TD)
200 -65
Example 2
Pressure, Temp., °C Dew point,
mb °C

1000 8.5 5.5


Tropopause
860 0.5 -3

710 -8 -17

550 -21.5 -31.5


Frontal
490 -22.5 -45 Inversion
layer
330 -45

285 -51

200 -51

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