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Evolution of Chess Through History

The document summarizes the history and evolution of chess from its origins in India as Chaturanga or Shaturanga around 600 AD to its arrival and development in Europe. It traces how the game reached Arabia and was transformed into Shatranj without dice before arriving in Europe possibly through Charlemagne or the Crusades. The key pieces evolved from their original Indian counterparts - infantry became pawns, cavalry became knights, elephants became bishops, rajah became the king, and the game transformed into the form recognized today.

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Kristian Popov
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141 views10 pages

Evolution of Chess Through History

The document summarizes the history and evolution of chess from its origins in India as Chaturanga or Shaturanga around 600 AD to its arrival and development in Europe. It traces how the game reached Arabia and was transformed into Shatranj without dice before arriving in Europe possibly through Charlemagne or the Crusades. The key pieces evolved from their original Indian counterparts - infantry became pawns, cavalry became knights, elephants became bishops, rajah became the king, and the game transformed into the form recognized today.

Uploaded by

Kristian Popov
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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I.

History of Chess
B. Shaturanga
• Invented around A.D. 600 in
northern India
• Infantry - 4 pawns
• Boatmen - a ship which could
move 2 squares diagonally but
could jump over intervening pieces
• Cavalry - like a knight
• Elephant - rook
• Rajah - king
• 4 players - 2 allied loosely against
the other 2
• use of dice decided who went when
B. Shatranj
• Gambling was forbidden in India
,so they got rid of the dice and did
other changes
• by 650 AD the game had reached
the Arab kingdoms
– became a 2 player game
– 2 Rajahs were demoted to Prime
Ministers
– moves of the elephant and the
ships were swapped
– resulting game was called Shatranj
B. Shatranj (continued)
• Theories on how Shatranj was
brought to Europe
– 1. Charlemagne & the
Empress Irene of the Byzantine
court were contemplating
marriage and Charlemagne
was given a Shatranj set for a
present (but queen had too
much power) so he called the
wedding off!
– 2. Knights of the Cross
obtained the game from Arab
lands during the Crusades (the
court of Saladdin held Shatranj
in high esteem)
C. Other forms of Chess

Chinese Chess or Japanese Chess or Shogi


Shiang-Chi
Sittuyin or Burmese Chess

Cambodian Chess
Korean Chess
D. European Chess
D. European Chess (continued)
• Chess was believed to
reach Spain by the
11th century
• Chess in the form it is
today appeared in
Southern Europe at the
end of the 15th
century
D. European Chess (continued)
• Change in rules
– 2 square pawn advance
– capturing en passant
– castling
– king remained
– pawns remained foot
soldiers
– elephant became the bishop
– chariot became the rook
Henry VIII Chess Set – queen became the most
powerful piece
E. Other Chess Sets
4
1

5
2

(1) American Civil War


3 (2) Gothic
(3) Sherlock Holmes
(4) Viking Raiders
(5) Roman

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