DYNAMOMETER

NAME ATA UR REHMAN

NEPTUN G6G2Q4
FACULTY MSC ENGINEERING(MECHANICAL)
CONTENTS

 DYNAMOMETER
 TYPES OF DYNAMOMETER
 ABSORPTION DYNAMOMETER
 TRANSMISSION DYNAMOMETER
DYNAMOMETER

 Definition

Dynamometer is a device which is used to measure the

frictional resistance. By knowing frictional resistance we
can determine the torque transmitted and hence the
power of the engine
Types of dynamometer

1. Absorption dynamometer :

 Prony brake dynamometer

 Rope brake dynamometer
 Hydraulic dynamometer

2) Transmission dynamometer

 Belt transmission dynamometer

 Epicyclic dynamometer
 Torsion dynamometer
Absorption Dynamometer

 This dynamometer measure and absorb the power output of the engine
to which they are coupled , the power is usually dissipated as heat by
some means.
 Examples such dynamometer are :

1. Prony brake dynamometer

2. Rope brake dynamometer
3. Hydraulic dynamometer
Prony brake dynamometer

 Construction & Working:

 A simplest form of an Absorption type dynamometer is a Prony Brake Dynamometer . It

consist two wooden blocks around a Pulley fixed to a shaft of the engine whose power is
required to be measured . The blocks are clamped by means of Two and Bolts . A Helical
Spring is provided between the nut and the upper block to adjust the Pressure on the Pulley
to Control its Speed . The upper block has longer lever attached to it and carries a Weight W
at its outer end . A Counter Weight is placed at the other end of the lever which balances the
brake when Unloaded. Two stops S1 and S2 are provided to limit the motion of the lever.
 In Prony Brake Dynamometer , when the Brake is to be put in operation ,
the long end of the lever is loaded with suitable weight W and the nuts are
tightened until the engine shaft runs at constant speed and the lever is in
Horizontal Position. Under these conditions , the moment due to the weight
W must balance the moment of the frictional Resistance between the
Blocks and Pulleys.
Let ,
W = Weight at the outer end of the lever in Newton
L = Horizontal Distance of the weight W from the centre of the Pulley
in meter.
F = Frictional Resistance between the blocks and the pulley in Newton
R= Radius of the pulley in meter
N= Speed of the shaft in R.P.M

We know that the Moment of the Frictional resistance or Torque on the

shaft ,
T = W*L = F * R N-m
Brake Power of the Engine = B.P = (Work Done per minute ) / 60
= T* 2πN /60
= ( W *L*2πN/60) Watts
We can calculate the brake power without knowing the value of
coefficient of friction between blocks and pulley , the radius of pulley
and the pressure exerted by tightening the nuts.
Rope brake dynamometer

 Construction & Working

 It is another form of Absorption type

Dynamometer which is most commonly used for
measuring the Brake Power of the Engine . It
consist of one, two or more ropes wound around
the flywheel or rim of a pulley fixed rigidly to the
shaft of an engine . The upper end of the ropes is
attached to a spring balance while the lower end
of the ropes is kept in position by applying a dead
weight.
 In the Operation of Brake , the engine is made to
 Let,
W = Dead Load in Newton,
S = Spring Balance Reading in Newton
D = Diameter of the Wheel in meter
d = Diameter of the Rope in meter
N = Speed of the Engine Shaft in R.P.M

Net Load on the brake = ( W-S) N

We know the that distance moved in one revolution =
(W-S)*π*(D+d) N-m
Work done per Minute = (W-S)*π*(D+d)*N N-m
Brake Power of the Engine = B.P = (Work done per minute ) /60
= (W-S)*π*(D+d)/60 Watts
If the diameter of the Rope (d) IS Neglected , then Brake Power of
the Engine,

B.P = (W-S)*(πDN/60) Watts

Hydraulic Dynamometer

 It works on the principle of dissipating the power in

fluid friction rather than in dry friction.
 It consist of an inner rotating member or impeller
coupled to the shaft of engine ,this impeller rotates in a
casing filled with fluid.
 The heat developed due to dissipation of power is
carried away by a continuous supply of working fluid,
usually water.
 The output can be controlled by regulating the sluice
gates which can be moved in and out to partial or
wholly obstructive flow of water between impeller and
the casing.
TRANSMISSION DYNAMOMETER

 Power measuring dynamometers may be transmission

dynamometers or absorption dynamometer, The former utilize
devices that measure torque, in terms of the elastic twist of the
shaft or of a special torque meter inserted between sections of
the shaft. The torque is produced by the useful load that the
prime mover, motor , machine is carrying.
Belt Transmission Dynamometer

 It consist of endless or continuous belt run over the driving

pulley.
 The driving pulley is rigidly fixed to the shaft of an Engine
whose power is to be transmitted.
 The intermediate pulleys rotates on a spin fixed to a lever
having a fulcrum at the midpoint of the two pulley centers.
 A balance weight is provided in the lever to initially keep it in
equilibrium.
 The weight of suspended mass at one end of the lever balances
the difference in tensions of tight and slack sides of the belt.
 The weight of suspended mass at One end of the lever balances
the difference in tension of Tight and Slack side of the belt.
Therefore when the lever is in horizontal position,
the total moment of all the forces about the function
about the fulcrum O should be zero.
∑Mo = 0
(2*T1*a)-(2*T2*a)= W *L
(T1-T2) =(W*L)/(2*a)
Power of Engine P = (T1-T2)*V
Where V = Belt speed (πDN/60)
Torsion dynamometer

 When power is transmitted along a shaft, the

driving end twists through a small angle
relative to the end.
 Torque transmitted is directly proportional to
the angle of twist.
 Therefore , a torsion dynamometer works on
the principle of angle of twist.
 Torsion dynamometer can measure large
powers as in case of power transmitted along
of twist in radians is given by,
By Torsion Equation

 T/J = C*ϴ/l
 Where ϴ= angle of twist in radian
 J = Polar moment of inertia of the shaft
 For solid shaft of Diameter , the polar moment of inertia J=
(π/32)*D^4
 For hollow shaft of external diameter D and internal Diameter d , the
polar moment of inertia J= (π/32)*[(D)^4-(d)^4]
 From above torsion equation
 T=C*ϴ*J/l
 Thus, the Torque Acting on the shaft is proportional to the angle of
twist . This means that if the angle is measured by some means , then
the torque and hence the power transmitted may be determined
 Power transmitted P = T*(2πN/60) Watts
References :

https://www.winemantech.com/what-is-a-dynamometer-
whitepaper

https://www.studymode.com/essays/Dynamometer-
46938420.htm

https://www.dynomitedynamometer.co

https://www.ijser.org/researchpaper/PID-based-
Dynamometer-used-in
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