WCDMA Basics and
Optimisation
Agenda
Basics
Handover
Intra-frequency Handover
Inter-RAT Handover
OSS Tools
GPEH
WNCS
Counters/stats
Handover
Ec/Io
Assume 39dBm tx power
Assume 43dBm tx power
excl. Pilot power (33dBm)
Cell A
Cell B
120dB pathloss
100dB pathloss
43dBm – 120dB = -78dBm 39dBm – 100dB = -61dBm
33dBm – 100dB = -67dBm
Noise Level = 100dBm
Ec/Io
CPICH Total CellB excl dBm = log10
CellB CPICH Total CellA Noise Floor (mW)*10
dBm 33 39 42 mW =10^(dBm/10)
pathloss 100 100 120
x -67 -61 -78 -100 SUM (mW) RSSI (dBm)
1.99526E-
10^(x/10) 07 7.94328E-07 1.58489E-08 1E-10 8.10277E-07 -60.9137
Ec/Io -6.086336008
Discuss
RSSI, Io, No
RSCP, Ec
Cell self interference, other cells
Cell breathing
Umbrella cells
Tall sites
SHO
Soft Handover
Softer Handover
Maximal combining
Power control
Handover
Intra-frequency
Inter-frequency
Inter-system (Inter-RAT)
Intra-frequency Handover
Reporting event 1A: A Primary CPICH enters the reporting
range
Reporting event 1B: A primary CPICH leaves the reporting range
Reporting event 1C: A non-active primary CPICH becomes
better than an active primary CPICH
Reporting event 1D: Change of best cell
Reporting event 1E: A Primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute
threshold
Reporting event 1F: A Primary CPICH becomes worse than an absolute
threshold
Reporting event 1J: A Non-active E-DCH but active DCH Primary CPICH
becomes better than an active E-DCH Primary CPICH (FDD only)
More info: 3GPP TS 25.331
SHO Message flow
UE UTRAN
Measurement Report
Active Set Update
Active Set Update Complete
Measurement Control
Event 1a
Measurement
Quantity
CPICH1 ReportingRange1a - Hysteresis1a/2
Measurement Report
CPICH2
TimeToTrigger1a
Event 1b
Measurement
Quantity
ReportingRange1b + Hysteresis1b / 2
CPICH1 (AS)
CPICH2 (AS)
Measurement Report
TimeToTrigger1b
Event 1c
Measurement
Quantity
CPICH1 (AS)
CPICH2 (AS) Hysteresis1c/2
CPICH3 (MN)
Measurement Report
TimeToTrigger1c
Event 1d (Hs Cell Change)
Measurement
Quantity
CPICH1 (AS) Hysteresis1d/2
CPICH2 (AS)
Measurement Report
TimeToTrigger1d
Notes
In previous slides, individual cell offsets and hysteresis 1a
and 1b are assumed to be zero for simplicity and easier
illustration
Periodic reporting option for events 1a and 1c
Measurement Report Example
MeasuredResults : intraFreqMeasuredResultsList
intraFreqMeasuredResultsList
IntraFreqMeasuredResultsList :
[0 ] :
cellSynchronisationInfo
modeSpecificInfo : fdd
countC-SFN-Frame-difference
countC-SFN-High : 0
off : 85
tm : 17907
modeSpecificInfo : fdd
primaryCPICH-Info
primaryScramblingCode : 95
cpich-Ec-N0 : (31) -8.5 (dB)
cpich-RSCP : (47) -68 (dBm)
eventResults
EventResults : intraFreqEventResults
intraFreqEventResults
eventID : e1a
cellMeasurementEventResults
CellMeasurementEventResults : fdd
fdd :
[0 ] :
primaryScramblingCode : 95
Measurement Control
intraFreqMeasQuantity
filterCoefficient = fc2
modeSpecificInfo
fdd
intraFreqMeasQuantity_FDD = cpich_Ec_N0
reportCriteria
intraFreqReportingCriteria
eventCriteriaList[0]
event_
e1a
triggeringCondition = detectedSetAndMonitoredSetCells
reportingRange = 6
w=0
reportDeactivationThreshold = t2
reportingAmount = ra_Infinity
reportingInterval = ri1
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = tt320
reportingCellStatus
allActivePlusMonitoredAndOrDetectedSet = viactCellsPlus3
Measurement Control
eventCriteriaList[1]
event_
e1b
triggeringCondition = activeSetCellsOnly
reportingRange = 10
w=0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = ttt640
reportingCellStatus
withinActiveSet = e3
Measurement Control
eventCriteriaList[2]
event_
e1c
replacementActivationThreshold = t3
reportingAmount = ra_Infinity
reportingInterval = ri1
hysteresis = 2
timeToTrigger = tt320
reportingCellStatus
allActivePlusMonitoredAndOrDetectedSet = viactCellsPlus3
Measurement Control
eventCriteriaList[3]
event_
e1d = NULL
hysteresis = 15
timeToTrigger = ttt2560
reportingCellStatus
allActivePlusMonitoredAndOrDetectedSet = viactCellsPlus1
Ericsson Parameters
releaseConnOffset (120)
maxActiveSet (3)
hysteresis1a, hysteresis1b (0)
hysteresis1c (4), hysteresis1d (15)
measQuantity1 (CPICH_EC_NO)
reportingInterval1a (3(1)), reportingInterval1c (3(1))
reportingRange1a (6), reportingRange1b (10)
timeToTrigger1a (320), timeToTrigger1b (640),
timeToTrigger1c (320), timeToTrigger1d (2560)
hsHysteresis1d (10(1)), hsQualityEstimate
(CPCIH_RSCP), hsTimeToTrigger1d (640)
Corner Effect / Fast Changing RF
Environment
AS MN
AS MN
Individual Cell Offset
individualOffset (UtranCell)
individualOffset (Adjacency)
individualOffset (GSM Adjacency)
Measurement Control
newIntraFreqCellList[2]
intraFreqCellID = 2
cellInfo
cellIndividualOffset = 0
modeSpecificInfo
fdd
primaryCPICH_Info
primaryScramblingCode = 361
Inter-Frequency Neighbours
Active Set
Monitored Set
Detected Set
Maximum number of inter-freq neighbours = 31
Recommended < 25
No one-way neighbours
Intra-frequency Neighbours
Composite Monitored Set
AS Cell A Cell B Cell C A
B
C
A1 B1 C1 A1
B1
A2 B2 C2 C1
A2
A3 B3 C3 B2
C2
... ... ... ...
C9
A31 B31 C31 A10
B10
Inter-RAT Handover
Compressed mode
Event triggered vs Periodic reporting
Events
Event 2a: Change of best frequency
Event 2b: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a
certain threshold and the estimated quality of a non-used frequency is
above a certain threshold
Event 2c: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain
threshold
Event 2d:The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is
below a certain threshold
Event 2e: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is below a certain
threshold
Event 2 f:The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is
above a certain threshold
Event 2d, 2f (entering and exiting
compressed mode)
Measurement
Quantity
CPICH_BEST
Threshold 2f
Threshold 2d
Measurement Report Measurement Re
TimeToTrigger2d TimeToTrigger2f
Measurement Control
freqQualityEstimateQuantity_FDD = cpich_Ec_N0
.......
reportCriteria
interFreqReportingCriteria
interFreqEventList[0]
event2d
usedFreqThreshold = -10
usedFreqW = 0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = tt320
interFreqEventList[1]
event2f
usedFreqThreshold = -8
usedFreqW = 0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = ttt1280
…….
periodicalOrEventTrigger = eventTrigger
Measurement Control
freqQualityEstimateQuantity_FDD = cpich_RSCP
……
reportCriteria
interFreqReportingCriteria
interFreqEventList[0]
event2d
usedFreqThreshold = -90
usedFreqW = 0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = tt320
interFreqEventList[1]
event2f
usedFreqThreshold = -87
usedFreqW = 0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = ttt1280
Event-triggered Reporting
Event 3a:The estimated quality of the currently
used UTRAN frequency is below a certain
threshold and the estimated quality of the other
system is above a certain threshold
Event 3b: The estimated quality of other system is below a
certain threshold
Event 3c: The estimated quality of other system is above a
certain threshold
Event 3d: Change of best cell in other system
Event 3a
Measurement GSM
Quantity
CPICH
Threshold 3a
GsmThresh 3a
Measurement Report
TimeToTrigger3a
Event 3a
Measurement Control
newInterRATCellList[2]
interRATCellID = 29
technologySpecificInfo
gsm
interRATCellIndividualOffset = 0
bsic
ncc = 0
bcc = 6
reportCriteria
interRATReportingCriteria
interRATEventList[0]
event3a
thresholdOwnSystem = -12
w=0
thresholdOtherSystem = -95
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = ttt100
reportingCellStatus
UE Tx Power
Reporting event 6A: The UE Tx power becomes larger than an absolute threshold
Reporting event 6B:The UE Tx power becomes less than an absolute
threshold
Reporting event 6C: The UE Tx power reaches its minimum value
Reporting event 6D:The UE Tx power reaches its maximum value
Reporting event 6E: The UE RSSI reaches the UE's dynamic receiver range
Reporting event 6F (FDD): The UE Rx-Tx time difference for a RL included in the
active set becomes larger than an absolute threshold
Reporting event 6F (1.28 Mcps TDD): The time difference indicated by TADV
becomes larger than an absolute threshold
Reporting event 6G: The UE Rx-Tx time difference for a RL included in the active
set becomes less than an absolute threshold
Event 6d, 6b
Measurement
Quantity
Max UE Tx Power
Threshold 6b
Measurement Report Measurement Report
TimeToTrigger6d
TimeToTrigger6b
Measurement Control
reportCriteria
ue_InternalReportingCriteria
ue_InternalEventParamList[0]
event6d = tt320
ue_InternalEventParamList[1]
event6b
timeToTrigger = ttt1280
transmittedPowerThreshold = 18
measurementReportingMode
measurementReportTransferMode =
acknowledgedModeRLC
periodicalOrEventTrigger = eventTrigger
Ericsson Inter-RAT Parameters
txPowerConnQualMonEnabled (UE Tx monitoring switch)
hysteresis2d , hysteresis2f (0)
serviceOffset2dEcno, serviceOffset2dRscp (0)
timeToTrigger2dEcno , timeToTrigger2dRscp, timeTrigg6d (320)
timeToTrigger2fEcno, timeToTrigger2fRscps, timeTrigg6b (1280)
usedFreqThresh2dEcno (-12)
usedFreqThresh2dRscp (-97)
ueTxPowerThresh6b (18)
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno (1), usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp (3)
utranRelThreshRscp (5)
gsmThresh3a (-95)
Event 3a Threshold
Ec/No Triggered:
usedFreqThresh2dEcno+ serviceOffset2dEcno+
utranRelThresh3aEcno
Rscp Triggered:
usedFreqThresh2dRscp+ serviceOffset2dRscp+
utranRelThresh3aRscp
UeTx triggered:
usedFreqThresh2dRscp+ serviceOffset2dRscp+
utranRelThresh3aRscp+ utranRelThreshRscp
Switches
FddGsmHoSupp true/false (enable or disable IRAT)
hoType (GSM_PREFFERED, IFHO_PREFERRED, NONE)
Cell versus RNC level parameters
Cell Level
usedFreqThresh2dEcno
usedFreqThresh2dRscp
Neighbour List IRAT
Max number of Neighbours 32
Limit the number of neighbours
Recommended < 15
Minimise amount of time in compressed mode
Save battery life
Prevent issues
Stages of optimisation
Initial tuning (pre-launch optimisation)
Network performance improvement (post-launch
optimisation)
Discuss differences between different stages of
optimisation
Importance of physical parameters as discussed earlier
Parameters Changes / Trials
Most impact in a stable environment
Single changes
Optimised RF enovironment
OSS Tools
AMOS
Pmr
Cedh
Uer
Str
Al
GPEH
General Performance Event Handling
Detailed investigation
Example missing neighbours
(INTERNAL_SOHO_DS_MISSING_NEIGHBOUR)
Processing of GPEH data:
OSS (parsing into text format)
TEMS Visualization
Aexio Xeus Pro
Event based statistics
Internal event in addition to protocol messaging
Internal, NBAP, RANAP, RNSAP
GPEH
UETR – UE bases (IMSI)
CTR – cell or group of cells
GPEH – RNC, RBS or group or RBS
GPEH
GPEH
GPEH
Righ click and select Add profile as shown below
Alternatively access the FILE menu
GPEH
GPEH
GPEH
GPEH
GPEH Parsing
Right click required profile and select “Parse profile
results”
GPEH Parsing
WNCS
Optimise and monitor neighbour relations
Utilises GPEH (General Performance Event Handling) and
counters
pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellSpeech
pmRlAddSuccessBestCellSpeech
Export and report output
WNCS
WNCS
Statistical Tools
Ericsson (ENIQ)
Third party (e.g. IBM, Aircom)
Self made, database
Kget Logfiles
RNC, RBS configuration export
Consistency checking
Internal, external tools for consistency checking
Database creation (Aexio, MCOM)
Text format
Manipulation in external tools possible
Kget example:
MO UeMeasurementControl
UeMeasControlId 1 timeToTrigger1b 12
event1dRncOffset 2 timeToTrigger1c 11
event1dRncThreshold 2 timeToTrigger1d 14
filterCoeff4_2b 2 timeToTrigger2dEcno 320
filterCoeff6 3 timeToTrigger2dRscp 320
filterCoefficient1 2 timeToTrigger2fEcno 1280
filterCoefficient2 2 timeToTrigger2fRscp 1280
gsmFilterCoefficient3 1 timeToTrigger3a 6
gsmThresh3a -95 timeToTrigger6d 320
hsHysteresis1d 30 timeTrigg4_2b 100
hsQualityEstimate 1 (CPICH_RSCP) timeTrigg6b 1280
hsTimeToTrigger1d 640 txPowerConnQualMonEnabled 1 (TRUE)
hyst4_2b 10 ueTxPowerThresh6b 18
hysteresis1a 0 usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno 2
hysteresis1b 0 usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp 3
hysteresis1c 2 usedFreqRelThresh4_2bEcno 0
hysteresis1d 15 usedFreqRelThresh4_2bRscp 0
hysteresis2d 0 usedFreqThresh2dEcnoDrnc -13
hysteresis2f 0 usedFreqThresh2dRscpDrnc -97
hysteresis3a 0 usedFreqW2d 0
measQuantity1 2 (CPICH_EC_NO) usedFreqW2f 0
nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bEcno -10 usedFreqW4_2b 0
nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bRscp -100 userLabel
nonUsedFreqW4_2b 0 utranFilterCoefficient3 2
reportingInterval1a 3 utranRelThresh3aEcno 0
reportingInterval1c 3 utranRelThresh3aRscp 0
reportingRange1a 6 utranRelThreshRscp 5
reportingRange1b 10 utranW3a 0
timeToTrigger1a 11 w1a 0
w1b 0
Comparison
Counters
Counters
Network Elements
RNC, RBS, RXI, OSS EBS
Counter Types
Peg – incremented by 1 for specific activity
Gauge – incremented and decremented
Accumulator – increased by a value at certain times (eg pmSum)
Scan – incremented by 1 each time accumurator counter increased
(pmSamples)
TrigACC – similar to accumulator but increased when there is certain
activity (PmSumAct)
TrigSCAN – similar to Scan but related to TrigACC (pmSampleAct)
PDF measurements – read periodically and incremented for certain
range when value falls in that range (eg pmPropagationDelay)
Calculated statistics
UL RSSI
pmSamplesUlRssi - number of samples recorded within
the ROP (recording output period) for pmSumUlRssi.
pmSumUlRssi – number of valid RTWP measurements
TrigACC counter Type
RTWP = UL RSSI = Received Total Wideband Power
Range of UL RSSI (RTWP) measurements: 0 – 621 (0 = -
112dBm, 621=-50dBm)
Average UL RSSI = -112 + (pmSumUlRssi /
pmSamplesUlRssi) / 10
Propagation Delay [0] = maximum delay
[1] = 0–1%
pmPropagationDelay [2] = 1–2%
...
PDF counter [10] = 9–10%
[11] = 10–12%
100% =35km (cell range) [12] = 12–14%
[13] = 14–16%
...
[20] = 28–30%
[21] = 30–33%
[22] = 33–36%
[23] = 36–39%
...
[30] = 57–60%
[31] = 60–64%
[32] = 64–68%
[33] = 68–72%
...
[40] = 96–100%
One-way neighbours
Distant neighbours
Use stats for optimisation
Stats dependant on traffic
Neighbour relation stats
pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellCsConvers
pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellPacketHigh
pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellPacketLow
pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellSpeech
pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellStandAlone
pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellStream
pmRlAddSuccessBestCellCsConvers
pmRlAddSuccessBestCellPacketHigh
pmRlAddSuccessBestCellPacketLow
pmRlAddSuccessBestCellSpeech
pmRlAddSuccessBestCellStandAlone
pmRlAddSuccessBestCellStream
Gsm Relation Stats
pmNoAttOutIratHoSpeech
pmNoFailOutIratHoSpeechGsmFailure
pmNoFailOutIratHoSpeechReturnOldChNotPhyChFail
pmNoFailOutIratHoSpeechReturnOldChPhyChFail
pmNoFailOutIratHoSpeechUeRejection
pmNoOutIratCcAtt
pmNoOutIratCcReturnOldCh
pmNoOutIratCcSuccess
pmNoSuccessOutIratHoSpeech
CE Utilisation
pmSumDlCredits
pmSamplesDlCredits
pmSumUlCredits
pmSamplesUlCredits
Downlink CE utilisation:
pmSumDlCredits/pmSamplesDlCredits
Uplink CE utilisation:
pmSumUlCredits/pmSamplesUlCredits
Good Reading
ALEX
3GPP TS25.331 (www.3gpp.org)
Other 3GPP documents
