JAMES JOYCE:

1.-”DUBLINERS”
2.-”A PORTRAIT OF THE
ARTIST AS A YOUNG
MAN”
3.-”ULYSSES”
A presentation made by:
Neculai Elena
Vladimirov Raluca
Eremita Cristina
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR:
 James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an
Irish novelist, short story writer, and poet. He contributed to the modernist avant-
garde and is regarded as one of the most influential and important authors of the
20th century.
 Though most of his adult life was spent abroad,Joyce's fictional universe centres on
Dublin, and is populated largely by characters who closely resemble family
members, enemies and friends from his time there.(he lived with his partner and later
wife,Nora,in Trieste, Paris and Zurich)
 "For myself, I always write about Dublin, because if I can get to the heart of Dublin I
can get to the heart of all the cities of the world. In the particular is contained the
universal.“
• In 1999, Time magazine
named Joyce one of the 100
Most Important People of
the 20th century,and stated:
"Joyce ... revolutionised 20th
century fiction“.
• In April 2013 the Central
Bank of Ireland issued a silver
€10 commemorative coin in
honour of Joyce that
misquoted a famous line from
his masterwork Ulysses.
• The work and life of Joyce is
celebrated annually on 16
June, known as Bloomsday.
 Dubliners is a collection of fifteen short stories,first published in
1914.
 They form a naturalistic depiction of Irish middleclass life in and
around Dublin in the early years of the 20th century.
 The stories were written when Irish nationalism was at its peak, and a
search for a national identity and purpose was raging; at a crossroads of
history and culture,Ireland was jolted by various converging ideas and
influences. They centre on Joyce's idea of an epiphany: a moment where a
character experiences a life-changing self-understanding or illumination.
 Many of the characters in Dubliners later appear in minor roles in
Joyce's novel Ulysses.
 The initial stories in the collection are narrated by child protagonists,
and as the stories continue, they deal with the lives and concerns of
progressively older people. This is in line with Joyce's tripartite division of
the collection into childhood, adolescence and maturity.
 SOME OF THE STORIES
 "The Sisters"–After the priest Father Flynn dies, a young boy who was
close to him and his family deals with his death superficially.
 "Araby"–A boy falls in love with the sister of his friend, but fails in his
quest to buy her a worthy gift from the Araby bazaar.
 "Eveline"–A young woman weighs her decision to flee Ireland with a
sailor.
 "After the Race"–College student Jimmy Doyle tries to fit in with his
wealthy friends.
 "A Little Cloud" – Little Chandler's dinner with his old friend Ignatius
Gallaher casts fresh light on his own failed literary dreams. The story also
reflects on Chandler's mood upon realizing that his baby son has replaced him
as the center of his wife's affections.
 "Counterparts" – Farrington, a lumbering alcoholic scrivener, takes out
his frustration in pubs and on his son Tom.
 "A Painful Case" – Mr Duffy rebuffs Mrs Sinico, then, four years later,
realises that he has condemned her to loneliness and death.
 "Ivy Day in the Committee Room" – Minor politicians fail to live up
to the memory of Charles Stewart Parnell.
 "A Mother" – Mrs Kearney tries to win a place of pride for her daughter,
Kathleen, in the Irish cultural movement, by starring her in a series of
concerts, but ultimately fails.
 "The Dead" – Gabriel Conroy attends a party, and later, as he speaks
with his wife, has an epiphany about the nature of life and death. At 15–
16,000 words this story has also been classified as a novella. The Dead was
adapted into a film by John Huston, written for the screen by his son Tony
and starring his daughter Anjelica as Mrs. Conroy
 STYLE:
 Though some critics consider Joyce's Dubliners as the most simple
of his works others argue that the book "should be seen not just as a
realist/naturalist masterpiece, but as a significant stepping- stone
integrated into the modernist structure of Joyce's mature work.".
 The collection as a whole displays an overall plan, beginning with
stories of youth and progressing in age to culminate in The Dead.
Great emphasis is laid upon the specific geographic details of Dublin,
details to which a reader with a knowledge of the area would be able
to directly relate. The multiple perspectives presented throughout the
collection serve to compare the characters and people in Dublin at
this time.
 DID YOU KNOW?
 In 2014 some of Ireland most promising and critically praised writers paid
homage to James Joyce by reimagining his famous short story collection
Dubliners for the book's 100th anniversary, called Dubliners 100.
 Of the book, Joyce wrote in a letter to a prospective editor:
“My intention was to write a chapter of the moral history of my country, and I
chose Dublin for the scene because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis.
I have tried to present it to the indifferent public under four of its aspects:
childhood, adolescence, maturity, and public life. The stories are arranged in this
order. I have written it for the most part in a style of scrupulous meanness and
with the conviction that he is a very bold man who dares to alter in the
presentment, still more to deform, whatever he has seen and heard.”
 A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man is the first novel of James Joyce.
 Written in a modernist style, the story traces the religious and intellectual
awakening of young Stephen Dedalus, a fictional alter ego of Joyce and an
allusion to Daedalus, the consummate craftsman of Greek mythology. Stephen
questions and rebels against the Catholic and Irish conventions under which he
has grown, culminating in his self-exile from Ireland to Europe.

Publication history
 On 7 January 1904 Joyce attempted to publish A Portrait of the Artist,
only to have it rejected by the editor of the free-thinking magazine Dana saying
“I can't print what I can't understand.“ He decided to revise the story into a
novel he called Stephen Hero. It was a fictional rendering of Joyce's youth, but
he eventually grew frustrated with its direction and abandoned this work as
well. Years later, he completely rewrote the unfinished story of Stephen Hero
(and completed it) as A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, which
appeared for the first time in The Egoist in twenty-five instalments (from 2
February 1914 to 1 September 1915). The unfinished Stephen Hero was
published after Joyce’s death.
 MAIN CHARACTERS
 Stephen Dedalus – The main character of A Portrait of the Artist as a Young
Man. Growing up, Stephen goes through long phases of hedonism and deep
religiosity. He eventually adopts a philosophy of aestheticism, greatly valuing
beauty and art. Stephen is essentially Joyce's alter ego, and many of the events of
Stephen's life mirror events from Joyce's own youth.
 Simon Dedalus – Stephen's father, an impoverished former medical student
with a strong sense of Irish nationalism. Sentimental about his past, Simon Dedalus
frequently reminisces about his youth.Loosely based on Joyce's own father and their
relationship.
 Mary Dedalus - Stephen's mother who is very religious and often argues with
Stephen about attending services.
 Emma Clery – Stephen's beloved, the young girl to whom he is fiercely
attracted over the course of many years. Stephen constructs Emma as an ideal of
femininity, even though (or because) he does not know her well.
 Cranly – Stephen's best friend at university, in whom he confides some of his
thoughts and feelings.
 STYLE
 The novel mixes third-person narrative with free indirect speech, which allows
both identification with and distance from Stephen.
 There is minimal dialogue until the final chapter, which includes dialogue-
intensive scenes alternately involving Stephen, Davin and Cranly.
 In addition, Joyce employs first-person narration for Stephen's diary entries in the
concluding pages of the novel, perhaps to suggest that Stephen has finally found his
own voice and no longer needs to absorb the stories of others.
 The style of the work progresses through each of its five chapters, as the complexity
of language and Stephen's ability to comprehend the world around him both
gradually
 The writing style is notable also for Joyce's omission of quotation marks: he
indicates dialogue by beginning a paragraph with a dash, as is commonly used in
French, Spanish, Russian or Romanian publications.
 THE MYTH OF DAEDALUS
 The myth of Daedalus and Icarus has parallels
in the structure of the novel, and gives Stephen his
surname.
 In the myth, Daedalus, who has built a
labyrinth to imprison the Minotaur, and his son,
Icarus, are forbidden to leave the Island of Crete by
its King, Minos. To escape their island prison,
Daedalus fashions wings of birds' feathers and wax
for him and his son. But Icarus flies so close to the
sun that the wax on his pair melts and he plummets
into the sea.
 Critics consider that the myth parallels the
heights and depths that end and begin each chapter,
and can be seen to proclaim the interpretive freedom
of the text.
 DID YOU KNOW?
 Is had been said that Stephan represents nothing else than a
literary representation of Joyce’s self within it’s literary work.One
of the examples could be the fact that,as his character,Joyce had a
complicated realtionship with his mother, who (in the story) tries to
convince Stephan to attend services.
 In real life, Joyce returned from Paris to Ireland at his family's
request, as his mother was dying of cancer. Despite her pleas, the
impious Joyce and his brother Stanislaus refused to make
confession or take communion, and when she passed into a coma
they refused to kneel and pray for her.
Ulysses is considered to be one of the most important works of modernist literature,
and has been called "a demonstration and summation of the entire movement".
It was first serialised in parts in the American journal The Little Review from
March 1918 to December 1920, and then published in its entirety in Paris by Sylvia
Beach on 2 February 1922, Joyce's 40th birthday.
It chronicles the peripatetic appointments and encounters of Leopold Bloom in
Dublin in the course of an ordinary day, 16 June 1904.
As its title suggests, the novel is a retelling of Homer’s epic poem The Odyssey,
about the Greek hero Odysseus’ return home from the Trojan Wars (a journey which
took him ten years).
Ulysses establishes a series of parallels between the epic and the novel, with
structural correspondences between the characters and experiences of Leopold Bloom
and Odysseus, Molly Bloom (his wife) and Penelope, and Stephen Dedalus (from A
Portrait) and Telemachusis.
Iin adition, it is organised around eighteen episodes, each of which is devised to echo
one of the episodes from Homer’s epic.
The novel also imitates registers of centuries of English literature and is highly
allusive.
 DID YOU KNOW?
 The character Molly Bloom in his novel “Ulysses” is based on Joyce’s wife
Nora Barnacle from Galway.
 The novel takes place on June 16 (otherwise known as “Bloomsday”) or the
day Joyce met his future wife in 1904.
 Before “Ulysses” was legally published in America in 1934, hundreds of
illicit copies were seized and burned by the US Post Office in the 1920s.