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Propulsion Devices (Engines) : Air-Breathing Rockets

This document summarizes different types of aircraft propulsion devices. It discusses air-breathing engines like piston engines, gas turbine engines including jet engines, and rockets. It then focuses on describing the basic operation and common types of jet engines, including turbojets which use exhaust gases for thrust, turbofans which use a combination of exhaust gases and bypass air, and turboprops which use a jet engine to power a propeller. Diagrams are included to illustrate jet engine components and combustion.

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72 views7 pages

Propulsion Devices (Engines) : Air-Breathing Rockets

This document summarizes different types of aircraft propulsion devices. It discusses air-breathing engines like piston engines, gas turbine engines including jet engines, and rockets. It then focuses on describing the basic operation and common types of jet engines, including turbojets which use exhaust gases for thrust, turbofans which use a combination of exhaust gases and bypass air, and turboprops which use a jet engine to power a propeller. Diagrams are included to illustrate jet engine components and combustion.

Uploaded by

tagoreboopathy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Propulsion Devices (Engines)

Air-Breathing
Rockets
Use atmospheric
air (+ some fuel) Carry entire propellant
as main propellant (liquid/solid fuel + oxygen)

Piston, Gas Turbine


and Ramjet Engines

Gas Turbine Engines (most aircraft jet engines):


• Use high-temperature gases to power a propeller or
produce direct thrust by expanding and accelerating the
exhaust gases through a nozzle.
• Three main types: Turbojet, Turbofan and Turboprop

Jet-engine.ppt, 10-7-01
Jet Engines – Basic Operation

• Air enters the trough the intake duct (cowl).


• Air compressed by passage through the compressor.
• Mixed with fuel in the combustion chamber.
• Fuel is ignited, Pressure and Temperature
raised
• Some of the pressure used to turn a turbine;
• Turbine shaft drives the compressor.
• Hot, high pressure air forced through a nozzle.
• The reaction force is the engine thrust.
Jet Engine – Common Types
Jet Engine – Common Types
• Turbojets:
• Turbine used to drive the compressor.
• All intake air passes through the combustion chamber and exits through the nozzle.
• All thrust produced by hot, high-speed exhaust gases.
•Turbofans (Fan-Jet):
• A large propeller in the intake cowl, in front of compressor.
• Dramatically increases the amount of air pulled in the intake.
• Only a small percentage passed through the engine, the rest of cold air is Bypassed.
• Part of the thrust through the hot exhaust gases and part by the cold bypassed air.
Produces cooler exhausts and quieter engines.
• High by-pass ratio are most commonly used in larger commercial aircraft.
•Turboprops:
• Jet engine used to turn a large propeller, which produces most (90% or more) of
the thrust. Used in smaller aircraft.
GE90 Engine

Pratt-Whitney
Engine Gallery
Jet Engine Combuster

Film cooling via convection


Turbulent flame (fuel self-ignited)
Flame stabilization

One annular section

• Use spark plug to start the engine


and re-light after flameout

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