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Change Management

The document discusses various topics related to change management including paradigms, paradigm paralysis, stages of change, characteristics of change, problem-solving approaches, and bringing about change in organizations. It provides definitions and descriptions of key change management concepts.

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32 views35 pages

Change Management

The document discusses various topics related to change management including paradigms, paradigm paralysis, stages of change, characteristics of change, problem-solving approaches, and bringing about change in organizations. It provides definitions and descriptions of key change management concepts.

Uploaded by

Zee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Shah Ali Murtaza

Shah Ali Murtaza


 Consultant/Trainer- Exelon Management
Consultants.
 Lead-Easy Paisa Consumer Insights &
Experience-Telenor Pakistan.
 Process Re Engineering
 Floor Supervisor Operations-Telenor Pakistan
 Freelance Marketing Researcher-Aftab
Associates and Nielson.
 M.Phil Management IB&M-UET
 Certified Six Sigma Green Belt
 Certified Master Trainer
Quotation

The industrialist Senge


wrote that yesterday’s
solutions become
todays problems
(Senge, 1990: 57)
Paradigm
A paradigm is a model or a pattern. It is a shared
set of assumptions that have to do with how we
perceive the world. Paradigms are very helpful
because they allow us to develop expectations
about what will probably occur based on these
assumptions. But when data falls outside our
paradigm, we find it hard to see and accept. This
is called the PARADIGM EFFECT.
How is a
paradigm
formed
Paradigm Paralysis
And when the paradigm effect is so strong
that we are prevented from actually seeing what is
under our very noses, we are said to be suffering
from paradigm paralysis
Bringing in Change
Change

 Change is inescapable, it is inbuilt in to


developing societies.
 Paradigm shift, Paradigm paralysis
 Finland's scores in Pisa
 The whole scale of change is being
experienced in all walks of life, in
society, in science, in political, economic
and educational practices
Define Change
 Change is a process of transformation, a
flow from one state to another, either initiated
by internal factor or external forces, involving
individuals, groups or institutions, leading to
a realignment of existing values, practices
and outcome.
Change involves doing things differently,
introducing new production process, moving
into new market and so on.
Characteristic of Change
 It is structural and systematic rather than
superficial.
 It is a dynamic process, rather than an event.
 It embraces multiple perspective.
 Change is learning, with organizatoins as
learning organization.
 Effective change with integrates top-down
strategies with bottom-up strategies.
 It is better to think big but start with small
 Evolutionary planning
 Involvement of people
continue

 Innovation is creative and requires the


ability to identify and solve problems
 Conflict and negotiations are
indispensible
 Innovations and information are very
closely linked
The Nature of Change
Change is likely to be successful if it is:
 Congruent with exiting practice in the
organization.
 Understood and communicate effectively.
 Seen to be an improvement on exiting
practice.
 Seen to further the direction in which the
institution is moving.
 Evolutionary rather than revolutionary
Stages of Change
 There are typically five step in the
stages of change:
 Precontemplation
 Contemplation
 Determination
 Action
 Maintenance, relapse, recycle
Stage 1 Precontemplation
 In this stage, an individual may not
intended to change his behavior and not
interested in any kind of help.
 Have no intentions of changing.
 Do not see a problem.
 Resist change.
Stage 2 Contemplation
 This is the openness to consider that a
problem exists, and that there may be a
need to change in one’s behaviors in
order to correct that problem.
 A commitment to change has not yet
been made; there is not yet direct action
although one may undertake to learn
more about the nature of the problem.
Stage 3 Determination
 The person has made a decision to stop
using, to make a change. Sometimes
this Stage is referred to as Preparation,
as the person begins planning a course
of action to initiate change in her life.
Stage 4 Action
 In this stage the person developed a
plan to make changes. He modifies his
behaviors, environment, relationships,
and experiences to overcome the
problem. He puts the plan he made in
the Determination stage into action.
Stage 5 Maintenance, relapse,
recycle
 Change has been achieved.
 In Maintenance, the person recognizes the
benefits of successful change, however, work
must still be done as the risks remain for
returning to old behaviors. It has been said that
“Relapse is part of recovery” and as such, the
person must be on guard against triggers to
relapse. If a relapse does occur, the person
must re-enter a Stage such as Contemplation or
Determination. In some cases, the person
returns back to Precontemplation.
Problem-solving Approaches
Problem-Solving Approches
 There are many approaches to problem
solving, depending on the nature of the
problem and the people involved in the
problem. The more traditional, rational
approach is typically used and involves
are:
Problem-Solving Approaches cont.
 Identify the problem
 Analyze the problem
 Identify decision criteria
 Develop multiple solution
 Chose the optimal solution
 implementing
 Evaluation
 Continuing to improve
1- Identify the problem
 This is critical and must try to solve the
right problem. Identify the right problem
by asking the right questions and
observing.
2- Analyze the problem
Identify the cause of the problem, using
e.g cause effect diagrammed and
brainstorming possible cause of the
problem and prioritizing causes.
3- Identify decision criteria
 How will you make decisions when it is
time to decide? How will you weigh the
criteria? Can you identify independent
standards that can be used?
4- Develop multiple solution
Generate possible solution to the
problem, brainstorming possible solution
to the problems and prioritizing possible
solution.
5- Chose the optimal solution
 Choosing the most appropriate solution
and translating it into action plans,
prioritizing solution, costing solution and
resource needed, clarifying task to be
undertaken and action planning.
6- Implementing
Implementing the chosen solution, ensuring
that project is controlled, ensure
commitment and contingencies are
anticipated and planned.
7- Evaluation
 The outcome to see how effective the
solution has been, involving monitoring
procedure and measuring results.

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