PAKISTANS POULTRY INDUSTRY

Dr. Latif Ahmad

Assistant Professor/HOD
BCVS, BMU-Karachi
INTRODUCTION

POULTRY INDUSTRY
 POULTRY
Latin word POULE means HANG.

Poultry is category of domesticated birds which are

kept by humans for purposes of meat and egg
productions from those birds

Poultry birds include:

Chickens
Turkeys
Ducks
Geese

Quails and Pheasants are also included in poultry

in some areas of the world
CHICKENS
Turkeys
()
Ducks
GEESE
()
QUAILS
PHEASANTS
()
UNIQUE FEATURES OF POULTRY INDUSTRY

1. This industry requires short period for

growth and marketing. Other livestock
industries have need of prolonged
duration from birth to market (e.g.
buffaloes)

2. It can change rapidly according to

varying economic factors (feed
availability, cost, number of birds
on feed).

3. Poultry foodstuffs and other useful items

are comparatively reasonably priced.
UNIQUE FEATURES OF POULTRY INDUSTRY
4. Fowl meat is well thought-out to be the most
hygienic category of all animal meats.

5. Chicken meat and eggs have good amount

of protein which helps in fulfilling the
requirement i.e 102.7grams per head per day.

6. It has been established to be a money-making

industry

7. It provides high-quality of economical,

appetizing and nourishing foodstuff protein.
PAKISTANS POULTRY INDUSTRY
START AND FACILITION BY GOVT.

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
VARIOUS DISEASE
PHASES
OUTBREAKS DURING HISTORY

POULTRY HUBS
ECONOMICAL FACTS AND
POULTRY SHARE IN GDP
FIGURES
 PAKISTANS POULTRY INDUSTRY

Kept as backyard business until 1960's.

1963: nationwide campaign launched

to enhance feed products

Text exemption on income from

poultry.

1964: PIA with Shaver Poultry

Breeding Farms, Canada started the
first-ever commercial hatchery in
Karachi.
.Special emphasis was laid by the Govt.
to develop poultry industry in the
country during 1965-75.

Govt. Pakistan made major policy

decisions to provide facilities to poultry
industry.

The incentives/motivation provided

poultry farmers/poultry industry many
facilities
1. Tax exemptionpoultry derived income

2. Free import flock & incubators---free list.

3. Allot (nominal rates) state land lease

4. Established poultry research institutes at

Karachi and Rawalpindi through FAO

5. Two meatless days---encourage poultry

6. Subsidy on grainslow cost quality
ration

7. Loan via ADBPconstruct poultry sheds

8. Established Directorates of Poultry

ProductionKarachi &
Punjabextension

9. Establishment of Federal Poultry Board

to coordinate government and industry
activities in the poultry business.
Phase 1: Develop Pakistan Poultry Industry

The Introductory Period 1965-70.

During this period the early poultry ventures or
business enterprises supported by Govt. policies.

Exempted poultry prod.national tax levies,

Permitted producers to import

Genetically improved breeding stocks and
Equipment such as incubators

A number of catalytic forces shaped the early

development of the poultry industry
Phase 2: Institutional Development 1971-75
Significant enterpriseagric economy
Greatest success poultry industry & greatest failure

Govt. strengthened institutions poultry

Federal Poultry Board layer/broiler business
Research services PRI assisted by UNDP/FAO
Directorate of Poultry Development Pb & Khi
Diverted investments nationalizing others

Major planning flaws

Establishment of poultry estates clustered together
without sanitation, health controldisease outbreaks
Lack of marketing facilities limited industry growth.
Phase 3: Production Boom 1976-1980
Govt. Sindh offered estate land10 yr
leases
Nationalization of other industries esp. Pb
1976 1980
Commercial egg prodion (million) 624 1223
Broiler production (million birds) 7.2 7.4
Increased prod. via limited marketing
channels
Serious financial setbacks culminated from
Discontinuation of poultry exports;
Disease problems;
High relative prices of poultry feed;
Deteriorating feed quality; and
Limited supply of feed ingredients.
Poultry farmers PPA in 1979 on advice of
FPB
Phase 4: Depression and Adjustment 1981-90
Disease problems posed a serious threat to sound
development and consolidation of industry.

The large Karachi poultry estates began to close in

1984 and many poultry farms closed in interior
Sindh.

Production showed a decreased growth or even

depression during early 1980 esp. in the Pb,
Baluchistan & KPK.

However, in the later part of 1980s starting from

1985 industry seemed to be readjusted with much
rise in poultry number esp. in broilers.
 Faced with dis. problems, lower
productivity and numerous
environmental and climatic difficulties,
advanced farmers decided to

Produce under more modernized conditions

Establish poultry farms in cooler, less polluted

areas:
Breeding farms in Karachi and Punjab thus
relocated to Abbotabad, to the base of the
Murree Hills and to the Valley of Quetta.

Built houses with controlled environments for

breeders, broilers and commercial layers.
Disaster due to Diseases:1991 to 2000:

1990: Hydropericardium synd causes great loss esp. to

farmers of Broiler and Broiler Breeder Birds

1991-92: Gumboro attacked the chicks of broiler, layer

and parent flock great mortality.

Efforts to reduce incidence of diseases & prophylaxes

(vaccination and bio-security), accompanied new
medicine companies & importation of vaccines.

At national level, institutes like PRI, VRI and UAF

also done efforts to reduce diseases.
1995: Avian Influenza Murree & Abbotabad;
mortality in parent flock: 80%. Challenged
national scientists, conferences; control measures
adopted

1996: Parent flock increased # due to no planning;

depression in the market and the price of chicks
decreased several times its cost of production.

1997: Ban on serving of lunch in marriage parties;

depression in demand of poultry up to 40%.

1998: Slowly improved & great profit to companies

1999: Influenza-like synd; great loss, some areas

 The commercial poultry industry surfaced through
the joint efforts of Government and private sectors.
Now poultry industry is the second largest livestock
sector in Pakistan after dairy farming

Commercial poultry production is concentrated

around the big cities in Sindh and Punjab provinces.

SINDH PUNJAB
Karachi Lahore
Mirpurkhas Rawalpindi
Sukkur Multan
Nawabshah Bhawalpur
Gharroo Rahimyar kh
an
Mianwali
POULTRY INDUSTRY IN PAKISTANS GDP (GROSS
DOMESTIC PRODUCT) AND OTHER ECONOMY
Parameter Value
1. Contribution of Poultry Sector in National GDP 1.3%
(2013-14)
2. Contribution of Poultry Sector in Agriculture (2013- 6.1%
14)
3. Contribution of Poultry Sector in Livestock (2013- 10.8%
14)
4. Contribution of Poultry Meat in Countrys Total 28%
Meat
5. Total Business in Poultry Industry 200 billion
6. Annual Growth of Poultry sector
7. Poultry Value Added at Current Factor Cost (2012- 121.7
13) billion
8. Poultry Value Added at Current Factor Cost (2013- 130.7 billio
14) n
9. Cuurent Factor Cost Increase from previou year 7.4%
POULTRY INDUSTRY IN PAKISTANS GDP (GROSS
DOMESTIC PRODUCT) AND OTHER ECONOMY

Poultry sector has contributed 1.3% in GDP during

2013-14 while its contribution in agric. & L/S value
added stood at 6.1% and 10.8 % respectively.

Poultry meat contributes 28.0% of the total

meat production. Poultry Industry is more than Rs.
200 billion. Poultry sector has shown a robust
growth @ 8-10 percent annually which reflects its
inherent potential.

The poultry value added at current factor cost

has increased from Rs. 121.7 billion (2012-13) to
130.7 billion (2013-14) showing an increase of 7.4%
as compared to previous year.
POULTRY POPULATION
POULTRY POPULATION IN PAKISTAN
(ECONOMIC SURVEY OF PAKISTAN 2014-15)
WORLD POULTRY INFO
One of the fastest growing segments of the
animal industry
Worldwide consumption of poultry is
increasing
Per capita consumption of broilers is 90
pounds
Generally accepted in most cultures

Largest producers in the world are China,

countries of the former Soviet Union and
United States
POULTRY FARMING
SYSTEMS IN PAKISTAN
POULTRY FARMING SYSTEMS IN
PAKISTAN
Poultryindustry in Pakistan is being
grown through two management
systems i.e.

Commercial farming

Rural poultry farming.

THE BROILER INDUSTRY
Today,most of the poultry is raised in
large operations

The term broiler refers to chickens

which are about 7-8 weeks of age and
are raised for meat
 BROILER HOUSES
Raised
in large houses where the birds
spend most of their lives

Designed to provide the ultimate in

environmental conditions for the comfort
of the birds.

Generally lighted 24 hours a day

Helps cut down on cannibalism

 Division of Poultry Industry

1. Hatchery sector:
Backbone of poultry industry.
Eggs are placed in incubators for 21 days and day
old chicks sold to the farming sector.
Its establishment requires significant investment.

2. Poultry farming sector:

Rearing of poultry birds / chicks for meat and eggs
is classified as poultry farming.
It is labor intensive and requires investment for
working capital mainly for the purchase of feed,
chick, vaccination etc.
 Poultry farming can further be classified
into following three categories:
Breeder Farming
Layer Farming
Broiler Framing

3 Feed sector:
Major expense in poultry industry.
Feed mills require huge investments for
development of infrastructure.
70% Cost of Production (COP) is on FEED
Some of the
important
breeds are:

Buff rock

Leghorn
Light Sussex

Rhodes Island
Red
Fayoumi

Dhoki
POULTRY DISEASES AND
THEIR SIGNIFICANCE
 IMPORTANT
POULTRY DISEASES
1. Infectious Respiratory diseases
Aspergillosis
Avain Influenza (AI)
Avian Metapneumovirus
Rhinotracheitis/TRT
Infectious Bronchitis (IB)
Newcastle Disease (ND)
Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT)
Infectious Coryza (IC)
Mycoplasma Gallisepticum CRD
Mycoplasma Synoviae
2. Neoplastic Diseases

Lymphoid Leucosis

Mareks disease (MD)

3. Avian Adeno virus Diseases

Egg Drop Syndrome 76 (EDS)

Inclusion Body Hepatitis (IBH)

4. Miscellaneous Viral Diseases

Avian Encephalomyelitis

Chicken Anaemia Virus

Fowl Pox

Infectious Bursal Disease

Malabsorbtion Syndrome/ Runting

Stunting Syndrome

Reo virus infections

5. Miscellaneous Bacterial
Diseases

Colibacilosis (Escherchia coli)

Fowl Cholera (Salmonella gallinarum)

Infectious Synovitis

Necrotic Enteritis

Ornithobacterium Rhinotracheale (OR)

Pullorum disease/Fowl Typhoid

6. Parasitic Diseases

Blackhead

Coccidiosis

Red Mite

Worms
7. Metabolic and Nutritional Diseases
Fatty Liver Synd (High energy feed & limited locomotion
prerequisites. Associated hot weather & extensive laying)

Perosis or slipped tendon (Flattened & enlarged hocks lead

to slippage of Achilles tendon that causes foot & shank to
extend laterally from body, & only appears in one leg)

Rickets (deficiency or imbalance of circulating calcium,

vitamin D3 and/or phosphorous)

Cage Layer Fatigue (Caged laying hens, usually around

peak, that may also be associated with osteoporosis, a
condition causing brittle bones as a result of reduced bone
density)

Vitamin E Def. (It is manifested in 3 different forms:

encephalomalacia, muscular dystrophy and exudative
diathesis. Each of them is usually encountered
independently; sometimes simultaneously)
 SIGNIFICANCE OF DISEASES IN POULTRY

1. Poultry farming high risk business duo to diseases

2. Hybrid strains of layers and broilers more diseases

3. Many of the diseases are caused by specific microbes

4. Although the relative importance of poultry diseases

may differ between countries and geographical areas,
there are few important diseases that are unique to
particular parts of the world
5. Genetic variants have emerged within
some of the major specific pathogens of
chickens. This has become important for
attempts to prevent the spread of virulent
strains through international movements of
poultry products.

6. Emerging pathogens are those for which

recognition continues to occur over time.
These pathogens arise through various
genetic mechanisms, including mutation,
recombination or co-evolution with
vaccines (e.g., Mareks disease virus) or the
medications used (e.g., coccidiostats).

7. Burden due to vaccination, condemnation

etc.
GENERAL SIGNS OF DISEASE IN POULTRY

Poor appetite
Huddling
Depression
Runting/stunting
Poor uniformity
Ruffled feathers
Coughing, sneezing,
Oculo-nasal discharge,
Difficult breathing
Bloody or wet litter
Increased mortality
 COMBINED FIELD AND LAB. DX WHILE
DIAGNOSING POULTRY DISEASES

In realistic poultry care, laboratory opinions

should constantly be correlated with field
situations & field diagnosis, prior to advising
about control & therapy.

Many times, it is found that lab. diagnosis points

to a disease that is not the disease of the flock
but the disease of an individual bird.

For proper opinion and management, visits to

the farms, inspecting the flocks and on-the-spot
necropsies are the practical means of diagnosis.
Take precautions against tracking an infectious disease that may
be present, but investigate management errors immediately.
A high percentage of so-called disease problems referred to laboratories
for diagnosis are noninfectious conditions related to management:
beak trimming errors; consumption of litter and trash;
feed and water deprivation; chilling of chicks; injury from rough
handling, automatic equipment, or drug injection; electrical failures;
cannibalism; smothering; overcrowding; poor arrangement
of feeders, waterers, and ventilators; inexpensive low-quality
feed ingredients; ingredients causing feed refusal; improper particle
size of feed ingredients; and rodent and predator attacks (1,
11). Zander observed a severe drop in egg production in a
pathogen-free flock after a 48-hour failure of a mechanical feeder
(77). Bell (10) observed marked reduction in lay from water deprivation
related to a beak trimming system that resulted in long
lower beaks, making it difficult to obtain water when the level
was low. These are conditions that do not require services of a diagnostic
laboratory. External parasites (mites, lice, and ticks) can
be determined by producers if they examine affected birds.