The document discusses process flow diagrams (PFDs), which are diagrams commonly used in chemical and process engineering to show the general flow of plant processes and equipment. A PFD displays the relationship between major equipment in a plant facility without minor piping or design details. It typically includes process piping, equipment, control valves, stream names, and operational data. PFDs generally do not include minor lines or instrumentation. Multiple process units within a large plant are usually shown at a higher level without detail. Standards exist for creating consistent PFDs. Examples of PFDs for various processes like ammonia production and oil refineries are also included.
The document discusses process flow diagrams (PFDs), which are diagrams commonly used in chemical and process engineering to show the general flow of plant processes and equipment. A PFD displays the relationship between major equipment in a plant facility without minor piping or design details. It typically includes process piping, equipment, control valves, stream names, and operational data. PFDs generally do not include minor lines or instrumentation. Multiple process units within a large plant are usually shown at a higher level without detail. Standards exist for creating consistent PFDs. Examples of PFDs for various processes like ammonia production and oil refineries are also included.
The document discusses process flow diagrams (PFDs), which are diagrams commonly used in chemical and process engineering to show the general flow of plant processes and equipment. A PFD displays the relationship between major equipment in a plant facility without minor piping or design details. It typically includes process piping, equipment, control valves, stream names, and operational data. PFDs generally do not include minor lines or instrumentation. Multiple process units within a large plant are usually shown at a higher level without detail. Standards exist for creating consistent PFDs. Examples of PFDs for various processes like ammonia production and oil refineries are also included.
The document discusses process flow diagrams (PFDs), which are diagrams commonly used in chemical and process engineering to show the general flow of plant processes and equipment. A PFD displays the relationship between major equipment in a plant facility without minor piping or design details. It typically includes process piping, equipment, control valves, stream names, and operational data. PFDs generally do not include minor lines or instrumentation. Multiple process units within a large plant are usually shown at a higher level without detail. Standards exist for creating consistent PFDs. Examples of PFDs for various processes like ammonia production and oil refineries are also included.
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PROCESS FLOW
DIAGRAM
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA
FAKULTAS TEKNIK 1 Process flow diagram examples: Single process unit
2 Process Flow Diagram A process flow diagram (PFD) is a diagram commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. The PFD displays the relationship between major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details such as piping details and designations. Another commonly-used term for a PFD is a flowsheet.
3 Typical content of a PFD Typically, process flow diagrams of a single unit process will include the following: Process piping Major equipment items Control valves and other major valves Connections with other systems Major bypass and recirculation streams Operational data (temperature, pressure, mass flow rate, density, etc.), often by stream references to a mass balance. Process stream names
4 Process flow diagrams generally do not include: Pipe classes or piping line numbers Process control instrumentation (sensors and final elements) Minor bypass lines Isolation and shut-off valves Maintenance vents and drains Relief and safety valves Flanges Process flow diagrams of multiple process units within a large industrial plant will usually contain less detail and may be called block flow diagrams or schematic flow diagrams. 5 Multiple process units within an industrial plant
6 A PFD can be computer generated from process simulators (see List of Chemical Process Simulators), CAD packages, or flow chart software using a library of chemical engineering symbols. Rules and symbols are available from standardization organizations such as DIN, ISO or ANSI. Often PFDs are produced on large sheets of paper.
PFDs of many commercial processes can be found in the
literature, specifically in encyclopedias of chemical technology, although some might be outdated. To find recent ones, patent databases such as those available from the United States Patent and Trademark Office can be useful.
Standards ISO 10628: Flow Diagrams For Process Plants - General Rules ANSI Y32.11: Graphical Symbols For Process Flow Diagrams (withdrawn 2003) SAA AS 1109: Graphical Symbols For Process Flow Diagrams For The Food Industry 7 PFD Produksi Ammonia dari Gas Alam
