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Overview of Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

1) Group 2 elements consist of 6 elements with the general electron configuration of [core]ns2 and are known as alkaline earth metals. 2) The physical properties of group 2 elements include increasing atomic radius and decreasing ionization energy down the group due to additional electron shells. They also have low melting points and are strong reducing agents. 3) Chemically, group 2 elements react vigorously with water and oxygen, forming metal hydroxides and metal oxides respectively. Their carbonates, nitrates, and hydroxides thermally decompose to the metal oxide and other products upon heating.

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463 views39 pages

Overview of Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals

1) Group 2 elements consist of 6 elements with the general electron configuration of [core]ns2 and are known as alkaline earth metals. 2) The physical properties of group 2 elements include increasing atomic radius and decreasing ionization energy down the group due to additional electron shells. They also have low melting points and are strong reducing agents. 3) Chemically, group 2 elements react vigorously with water and oxygen, forming metal hydroxides and metal oxides respectively. Their carbonates, nitrates, and hydroxides thermally decompose to the metal oxide and other products upon heating.

Uploaded by

SIVANESVARAN
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© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

HISYAMUDIN

MAC ALISTER

Group 2 Elements
Introduction
Groups 2 elements are:

1) Consist of 6 elements
2) S-block elements
3) Known as alkaline earth metals
Z Element No. of electrons/shell
4 Beryllium 2, 2
12 Magnesium 2, 8, 2
20 Calcium 2, 8, 8, 2
38 Strontium 2, 8, 18, 8, 2
56 Barium 2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2
88 Radium 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2
The elements of Group 2, the Alkaline Earth
Metals, are:

symbol electron configuration

beryllium Be [He]2s2
magnesium Mg [Ne]3s2
calcium Ca [Ar]4s2
strontium Sr [Kr]5s2
barium Ba [Xe]6s2
radium Ra
[Rn]7s2
Beryllium
Magnesium
Calcium
Strontium
Barium
Radium
Physical Properties
• Atomic radii
• Ionisation energy
• Melting point
• Standard Electrode Potential
Physical Properties

Element Colour

Mg brilliant white

Ca brick-red

Sr crimson

Ba apple green
Atomic radius

the atomic radius increases as going down the Group.


The radius of an atom is governed by:

• the number of layers of electrons around the


nucleus.
Ionisation Energy
The decrease in first ionisation energy

Ionisation energy is governed by:

• the amount of screening by the inner


electrons,

• the distance between the outer electrons and


the nucleus
Melting Point
Standard Electrode Potential
Element Be Mg Ca Sr Ba

Eᶲ/V -1.85 -2.37 -2.87 -2.89 -2.90


• All the Eᶲ values are negative

• This show that the group 2 element are strong


reducing agents (electron donor)
Chemical properties
REACTIONS WITH WATER

Beryllium

• no reaction with water or steam even at red


heat.
Magnesium

• burns in steam to produce magnesium oxide


and hydrogen.

• Mg(s) + H2O(g)  MgO(s) + H2(g)


Calcium
• react rapidly with hot water

Strontium and barium


• with cold water with increasing vigour to give
the metal hydroxide and hydrogen.

• X(s) + 2H2O(l)  X(OH)2 (aq or s) + H2(g)


REACTIONS WITH OXYGEN

• the metals burn in oxygen to form a simple


metal oxide which are white solids.

2X(s) + O2(g)  2XO(s)


• The oxides dissolve in water to form the
respective hydroxides.

MO(s) + H2O(l)  M(OH)2(aq)


Thermal decomposition
• The nitrates

• The carbonates

• The hydroxides
• Examples:
• 2Mg(NO₃)₂(s) → 2MgO(s) + 4NO₂(g) + O₂
• (brown fumes)
• MgCO₃(s) → MgO(s) + CO₂(g)

• Mg(OH)₂(s) → MgO(s) + H₂O(l)


The effect of heat on the Group 2 carbonates

• All the carbonates give the metal oxide and


carbon dioxide.

• If "X" represents any one of the elements:


• Going down the Group, the carbonates have
to be heated more strongly before they will
decompose.

• The carbonates become more stable to heat


as going down the Group.
The effect of heat on the Group 2 nitrates

• All the nitrates give the metal oxide, nitrogen


dioxide and oxygen after been heated.

• Again, if "X" represents any one of the


elements:
• As going down the Group, the nitrates also
have to be heated more strongly before they
will decompose.

• The nitrates also become more stable to heat


as go down the Group.
Solubility of Group 2 Sulphates
• BeSO₄ and MgSO₄ are soluble in water.

• CaSO₄ and SrSO₄ are sparingly soluble in


water.

• Barium sulphate is insoluble in water.


Question
a. Explains
i. First ionisation energy of group 2.
ii. Atomic radius of group 2.

b. The nitrates of the group 2 elements decompose


on heating liberate a brown fume
i. state the indentity of the brown fume
ii. Write a balanced equation for the thermal
decomposition magnesium nitrate
THANK YOU

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