Indian Tea :
Product Market
Analysis
1
Tea Industry
TEA is best had, not
written about
2
Classifications and Grades
of Tea
Tea differentiated on:
• Processing
• Leaf size
• Grade
Classification:
• Black and Green tea
• Black tea further classified into CTC
(cut, tear and curl) and Orthodox tea.
3
Indian Scenario
India has long held the title of being the largest tea
producer and consumer in the world.
It is the only country, which produces both CTC and
orthodox teas in sizeable quantities.
It has a share of 15% of the world’s tea exports.
The tea market has declined by 9% in 2002.
Discounts and freebies push the volumes.
Hindustan Lever Ltd with a market share of 45% is
the leading player in the packet tea business.
Regional players enjoy the advantage of price
differences, because the procurement cost is low when
tea prices are depressed. 4
Indian Scenario
Darjeeling's exclusive taste and quality, as well as the
fact that it cannot be replicated anywhere else in the
world, makes it one of the most sought after teas in the
world.
The Assam region produces more tea than any other
region in India. Assam teas are known for their strong,
full, rich, full-bodied, pungent and sometimes malty
bright liquor flavour.
Branded packaged teas account for 33-35% by volume.
Hindustan Lever (HLL) leads with around 43-45%
market share of the packaged tea market, while Tata Tea
is No. 2 with around 17-18% market share.
Collapse of Soviet market reduced exports.
5
Plantations
Northeast
• Upper Assam – largest production
• Northern West Bengal (Darjeeling)
South
• Nilgiri
6
What is the Future?
The Government has decided to fully open
the tea industry to foreign investment.
The FDI limit has been raised from 26% to
100%.
This is hardly any incentive for foreigners
to pump money into an ailing industry
beset with high costs and low realizations.
7
Key Drivers
Value-additions through changes in the product
forms:
• packaging innovations;
• delivery systems, promotional policies and marketing tie-
ups
Tea bags, the most common form of value-addition,
dominates the world market
With tea marketing becoming increasingly diffused
as compared to other beverages like wine or soft
drinks
There have been corporate alliances in the form of
co-branding, joint ventures (JVs) and partnerships to
draw synergistic benefits 8
Key Drivers (Contd.)
Value – additions across the spectrum
Product modifications
• Hot > Cold
• Conservative > Flavoured
• Cuppage > Convenience
Tea bags
Instant tea
Iced tea
Speciality tea
Gourmet tea
9
Pepsi and Lipton JV
Pepsi manufactures and distributes Lipton’s iced tea in glass
through its C&G (convenience-stores and gas stations)
distribution channel
Revenue Drivers – Packaging, branding, marketing, value-
added products, etc.
Cost Drivers – Fixed costs in plantations, processing and
distribution expenses, advertising, etc.
Growth Drivers – Marketing of tea as beyond the usual cup
– to whole new beverage experience with herbal and exotic
teas, ice teas, etc.
Profit Pools – Tea accessories, high quality tea, etc.
Value Addition – Occurs mainly in the processing and
packaging of raw tea to a packaged good – i.e. conversion of
a commodity into a product.
10
Porter’s Five-Force Analysis
Threat of suppliers:
• Tea plantations
• Machinery
• Transporters
• Labour
Threat of buyers:
• Initial buyers
• Final buyers
• Nature of product
11
Porter’s Five-Force Analysis
(Contd.)
Threat of substitutes:
• Beverages
• Others
• The biggest threat to the packaged tea industry
is the loose tea industry.
Entry and exit barriers:
• Barriers for plantations
• Barriers for tea factories
• Barriers for distributors and packagers
• Barriers for consumers 12
Major Indian Tea Companies
Hindustan Lever Limited Brands:
• Brooke Bond Taj Mahal Tea
• Brooke Bond Red Label
• Brooke Bond 3 Roses
• Brooke Bond Taaza
• Lipton Yellow Label
• Tata Tetley
Eveready Industries (Mcleod Russell)
Harrisons Malayalam
Assam Company (Assam Gold)
Goodricke Group Limited 13
Outlook of Tea Industry for the
Future
New areas for tea cultivation are being sought
New markets are being sought in Iraq, Pakistan and
Afghanistan following the end of war conditions and
embargoes
The industry is likely to witness a major
consolidation with leading players looking to
acquire smaller and marginal players
Most analysts predict a decline in overall tea sales,
the more optimistic ones peg a growth at around
1-2% this year
Major concerns for the industry remain rising costs
of production and value-addition 14