The document summarizes the external and internal anatomy of rainbow trout. Externally, it describes the trout's fins, scales, lateral line, eyes, mouth and other features. Internally, it outlines the major organs like the heart, gills, swim bladder, stomach, intestines, liver and kidneys. It also explains key functions of these organs like respiration, digestion and waste removal.
The document summarizes the external and internal anatomy of rainbow trout. Externally, it describes the trout's fins, scales, lateral line, eyes, mouth and other features. Internally, it outlines the major organs like the heart, gills, swim bladder, stomach, intestines, liver and kidneys. It also explains key functions of these organs like respiration, digestion and waste removal.
The document summarizes the external and internal anatomy of rainbow trout. Externally, it describes the trout's fins, scales, lateral line, eyes, mouth and other features. Internally, it outlines the major organs like the heart, gills, swim bladder, stomach, intestines, liver and kidneys. It also explains key functions of these organs like respiration, digestion and waste removal.
The document summarizes the external and internal anatomy of rainbow trout. Externally, it describes the trout's fins, scales, lateral line, eyes, mouth and other features. Internally, it outlines the major organs like the heart, gills, swim bladder, stomach, intestines, liver and kidneys. It also explains key functions of these organs like respiration, digestion and waste removal.
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Oncorhynchus mykiss
Rainbow trout
External Anatomy
Tail
Trunk
Head
External Anatomy Adipose Fin
Caudal or Tail Anal or Ventral Fin Fin
Dorsal Fin
Pelvic Fins
Pectoral Fins
Pectoral fins: The caudal pectoral actfin as brakes and help the Caudal fin: The finfins or tail is the biggest fin. Itfish turn Pelvic fins: The pelvic fins help the fish move up and down. Anal,left adipose and dorsal fins: finsto are usedmoving for swimming and right. provides the push forThese the trout start and alsoand balance. acts as a rudder for steering through the water.
External Anatomy Operculum
Eye
Scales
Mouth Lateral Line
Lateral line: Runs from the head of the fish to the tail. It detects Eyes: The pupilsinhave afish. slight triangle shape which helps Scales: Protect the They grow as the fish grows. vibrations or waves the water. This helps keep the trout from Mouth: Operculum: Trout This use is their a hard mouths plate to that grab covers food and the delicate feel things. gills the trout see above, in front and below its body. bumping into things and helps the fish sense danger.
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Eye
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Trout can see things both near and far away. The large pupils let as much light as possible enter the eye.
Lens
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The lens in the eye moves around and allows fish to focus on objects.
External Anatomy Nostril or Nare
Teeth
The nare is a closed sac. It helps the fish to smell odors.
Teeth are found along
the upper and lower jaws. They grasp and hold onto prey.
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Mouth Food passes through the esophagus to the stomach.
Gill rakers strain particles out of
the water to keep the gills from getting clogged and injured.
The tongue has teeth
which help to hold onto prey. Dar
Expose Gill Tissue
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Cut off operculum to show the gill.
Gills Gill filaments
Gill arch
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Water is taken in through the mouth and passes over the gills. The gills take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.
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Carefully cut a flap to expose the internal organs.
Internal Anatomy Stomach
Pyloric caeca
Swim bladder
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Heart
Liver
Gall bladder
Spleen
Kidney
Kidney Kidney
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The kidney filters waste from the blood stream and also makes blood. Two canals carry waste from the kidneys to the bladder. From the bladder, the waste passes to the outside through a hole called the vent.
Swim Bladder This is an inflated swim bladder .
The swim bladder is
like a balloon. It allows the trout to float and move up and down in the water. To fill the swim bladder, fish gulp and swallow air. Fish burp to get air out of the swim bladder.
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Digestion
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Stomach
Fat
Intestine
Mouth
Path of Digestion Esop h ag u
Cardiac stomach
nes I nt
est i
Pyloric stomach
Vent
When a trout eats, both food and water enter the mouth. Water is directed to the gills, and food goes to the esophagus which leads to the stomach. Food moves through the stomachs into the intestines and is eliminated out the vent.
Cardiac Stomach
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Digestion of food starts in the cardiac stomach. Acid secreted
by glands activate enzymes that digest protein.
Pyloric Stomach The pyloric caeca act like a small intestine. They release digestive juices needed to break down food and absorb nutrients into the blood stream .
Pyloric caeca
Liver
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The liver produces bile which is stored in the gall bladder. Bile breaks down fat.
Gall Bladder
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The gall bladder is connected to the liver and stores bile made by the liver.
Spleen
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The spleen makes and stores blood.
Heart and Gills
Compare the location of the heart to the gills. Why is this important?
Gills
Heart Dar
Close up of Heart
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Bulbus arteriosus
Atrium
Ventricle
Heart The heart consists of two chambers, the atrium that receives the blood and the ventricle that pumps the blood to the body. The blood first passes through the gills where it picks up oxygen, then circulates through the body to the organs where nutrients, gases and wastes are exchanged. Dar
Bulbus arteriosus
Atrium
Ventricle
Brain Cerebellum Medulla oblongata
Optic lobes
The brain is the control center
of the fish. All sensory information is processed by the brain. Automatic functions (such as breathing) and higher behaviors ("Should I eat that critter ?") happen in the brain.
