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Energy Efficiency in Thermal Utilities and System

This document discusses energy efficiency in thermal utilities and boiler systems. It defines key terms like energy efficiency and explains that boilers are classified based on factors like tube type and operating pressure. The main purpose of performing an energy performance assessment of a boiler is to determine its actual efficiency and evaporation ratio by comparing to design values and norms. The document describes the direct and indirect methods for testing boiler efficiency, where the direct method compares useful steam output to fuel input directly and the indirect method calculates various heat loss factors. It provides the equations for calculating efficiency with both methods and lists factors that can affect boiler performance.

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Vishal Shitole
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195 views15 pages

Energy Efficiency in Thermal Utilities and System

This document discusses energy efficiency in thermal utilities and boiler systems. It defines key terms like energy efficiency and explains that boilers are classified based on factors like tube type and operating pressure. The main purpose of performing an energy performance assessment of a boiler is to determine its actual efficiency and evaporation ratio by comparing to design values and norms. The document describes the direct and indirect methods for testing boiler efficiency, where the direct method compares useful steam output to fuel input directly and the indirect method calculates various heat loss factors. It provides the equations for calculating efficiency with both methods and lists factors that can affect boiler performance.

Uploaded by

Vishal Shitole
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN

THERMAL UTILITIES AND


SYSTEM

Energy Efficiency
It can be termed as the ratio of useful energy output to
the total energy input.
Its denoted by .
Equipments are said to be efficient if they are utiliting
maximum amount of input energy.

Boiler
Its defined as a closed vessel in which or other liquid
is heated, superheated steam under high pressure is
generated for the purpose of generation of power from
superheated steam.
They are classified water/fire tube boiler, operating
pressure of boiler, operating position of boiler etc.

Energy Performance
Assessment of Boiler
Purpose of performance test
To find out efficiency of boiler
To find out evaporation ratio
The purpose of performance test is to
determine actual performance and efficiency of
boiler and compare it with design values and
norms.

1. Boiler efficiency, =100


=100

2. Evaporation ratio =

Boiler efficiency can be tested


by following method:
1. Direct Method: Where the energy gain of working
fluid (water and steam) is compared with energy
content of boiler fuel.
2. Indirect Method: Where the efficiency is the
difference between losses and energy input.

Direct Method
It is also known as Input-Output Method due to fact
that it needs only the useful output (steam) and the
heat input (i.e. fuel) for evaluating the efficiency.
Boiler Efficiency=

Efficiency =

Boiler Efficiency=

Boiler efficiency =

Where, Q =Quantity of steam generated per hour (kg/hr)


q
=Quantity of fuel used per hour (kg/hr)
GCV=Gross calorific value of the fuel (kCal/kg)
H
=Enthalpy of steam (kCal/kg)
h
=Enthalpy of feed water (kCal/kg)

Merits & Demerits of Direct


Method:
Merits:
Plant people can evaluate quickly the efficiency of
boilers
Requires few parameters for computation
Needs few instruments for monitoring
Demerits:
Does not give clues to operate as to why efficiency of
system is lower
Does not calculate various losses accountable for
various efficiency levels

Indirect Method
The disadvantages of the direct method can be
overcome by this method, which calculates the various
heat losses associated with boiler.
An important advantage of this method is that the error
in measurement do not make significant change in
efficiency.
In indirect method, 1% error in measurement of losses
will result in Efficiency = 100 (10
90

Losses Applicable to Liquid, Gas


& Solid Fired Boiler
L1. Loss due to dry flue gas (sensible heat)
L2. Loss due to hydrogen in fuel (H2)
L3. Loss due to moisture in fuel (H2O)
L4. Loss due to moisture in air (H2O)
L5. Loss due to carbon monoxide (CO)
L6. Loss due to surface radiation, convection and other unaccounted.
L7. Unburnt losses in fly ash (Carbon)
L8. Unburnt losses in bottom ash (Carbon)
Boiler Efficiency by indirect method,
= 100 (L1 + L2 + L3 + L4 + L5 + L6 + L7 + L8)

Factors Affecting Boiler


Performance
Periodic cleaning of boilers
Periodic soot blowing
Proper water treatment programme and blow down control
Draft control
Excess air control
Percentage loading of boiler
Steam Generation pressure and temperature
Boiler insulation
Quality of fuel

THANK YOU

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