SYNERGY CLIMATE CHANGE
MITIGATION AND ADAPTATIO
N IN BALI, INDONESIA
PROF.DR. TAKESHI TAKAMA
SU-RE.CO, BALI
DR@SU-RE.CO
su-re.co
Journey of 3 CC projects in Bali
Vulnerability of rice
Adaptation by cacao
Synergy by coffee and
biogas
CLIMATE CHANGE
VULNERABILITY OF
RICE PRODUCTION
IN BALI
IC
E
PUNCAK JAYA
1936
2009
May 15,
2010
EL
TI
N
IMPACT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON THE EVOLUT
ION OF EL NINO (HIGHER INTENSITY)
1950-2006
BMKG
RAINFALL CHANGE MAPS SOUTH ASIA - RCP4.
5
October March
April September
Paddy soil-climate suitability 19901999
Paddy soil-climate suitability 20002009
Suitability/Rain (Exposure)
If there is Paddy
Production
loss Vulnerability
hazard
Exposure
Sensitivity
Impact
Adaptive
Capacity
Vulnerability to
climate change
1. Assessing
vulnerability
3. Supporting policy and
actions
2. Designing adaptation
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATIO
N AND CACAO
CACAO IN MACRO ECONOMY
Cacao (2010-2015)
CACAO AS PO
VERTY REDUC
TION
Corn(2010-2015)
5th year
Cacao Win!
Not enough
water, only 1
harvesting
20% became
housing
Dryer and not good for rice anymore
Cacao as adaptation measure
ADAPTATION MEASURES
Agro-forestry
High quality
Value chain
AGROFORESTRY
Coconuts
Cacao
Banana
TRAINING ON HIGH QUALITY CACAO
GOOD ENOUGH?
40%
more
$$
Trader
Farmer
s
Choco
co.
Products of Dari K
SYNERGY BETWEEN MITIGATION A
ND ADAPTATION WITH CACAO
SYNERGY MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION WITH RED
D+ & CACAO AGROFORESTRY IN NORTH SULAWESI
FOREST AREA IN NORTH SULAWESI
Adap tation
+ Reduce sensitivity to CC
+ Value added chain
+ Agro portfolio
Agroforestry = ecosystem
based
Coffee
Synergy
Mitig ation
+ Reduce deforestation
+ Stop slash & burn
+ Afforestation
Ca
SYNERGY BETWEE
N MITIGATION AN
D ADAPTATION WI
TH COFFEE & BIOG
AS
Supply
Bio
energ
y
Demand
20
%
32K
MW
C
O2
Bio
gas
Eth
noa
l
St
ov
e
CLIMATE CHANGE, BIOENERGY, &
SDG
Value
added
Income
up
Bioenergy
as CCM
Climate
Change
Feed
stocks
as CCA
Vulnerability
Funds
for CCA
TRANSITION & RESILIENT PATHWAY
WITH BIOENERGY FOR CLIMATE CH
ANGE
Macro/
Policy
level
WIN-WIN STRATEGIES FOR CLIMAT
E MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION
Micro/
Business
level
Target 1. Contributing sustainable
bioenergy in Indonesia: visions for Bali and
East
Java
National/Regional:
Climate/energy policy
East Java:
Bioethanol
production with
West Bali:
Biogases pellet
business with
1) Partnership with
Ministry of Planning and
Development (Bappenas)
via ICCTF
2) Bioenergy and
climate change
international
workshop
3) Discussion with policy
makers and stakeholders
Target 2. Demonstrating synergy mitigation
and adaptation with coffee and biogas
Value added
coffee as
adaptation
Biogas from
agricultural
waste
3 PROBLEMS I
N BIOENERGY
1) INITIAL
INVESTMENT
2) MAINTENANCE
2) HH DEMANDS
Green Business Case: Su-re Brew
Core of the
Business Model
Farmer
Farming
Rice husk
and straw
& Manure
Biogas
producer
Coffee
producer
Seller/
Distributor
Biogas
production
Coffee
roasting
Coffee
distribution
Roasted
coffee
Biogas
Coffee
consumers
local
Roasted
coffee
national
international
Coffee
bean
production
Revenues from
coffee sale
Coffee beans
Local
households
Biogas
Coffee & biogas value chain/financial flow
Legend of symbols
Market
participant
Value creation
processes
Mass flows
Cash flow
Source of pictograms:
http://www.freepik.com &
www.fla&con.com
Coffee bean harvesting
and selections
Coffee bean quality
controle and design
Roasting,
marketin
g, sales
3 POSSIBLE JOURNEYS
Synergy
More than climate
change
More than 1 + 1 = 2
Green
business
Green can be
business
Transformatio
n
Do something!
PROF.DR. TAKESHI TAKAMA
SU-RE.CO, BALI
DR@SU-RE.CO
THANK YOU
su-re.co
BIOENERGY PRODUCTION
Cacao
+ Agroforestry
+ Keep soil and
moisture
- Medium labor
intensive
- Need a market
access
+ at high price
Maize
- Slash and burn
- Bad for drought
+ Easy maintenance
+ Easy sale
- at low price
Rice straw
husk
+ Flood resilient
- Require more water
- High labor
intensive
+ Easy sale
-/+ Grantee, but low
price
WIN-WIN: ADAPTATION & HIGH QUALITY C
ACAO IN BALI
(IPCC 2013. Fig 10.7)
Rockstrm, et al. 2009. Planetary boundaries:exploring the safe operating
space for humanity. Ecology and Society 14(2): 32
PROJECTING FUTURE CLIMATE REQUIRES GHG CONCENTRATION PATHWAY
For future climate
projections, climate
models require
Emission
Scenarios. Models
in AR5 use
Representative
Concentration
Pathway (RCP)
IPCC 2013, Fig. SPM.8
2C world
4.5C world
Today we have a choice.
EXPECTED GROWTH OF CHOCOLATE CONFECTI
ONERY CONSUMPTION UNTIL 2015
Markets
to export
www.themegallery.com
CACAOVSCORN INCOME PROSPECT (0.5HA)
Polic
y
+ 20% of petrol by 2025
+ Request subsidies bioethanol Rp 3.000/L to
producers.
Multi layered
interaction
+ Successful experiences with biodiesel
Sugarcane
Maize
+ 1st generation
+ 2 K ton in 2013
- Shrinking
- Distribution
make farmers
unprofitable
+ 1st generation
+ 20 M tons
- With slash/burn
agriculture
- Food security
Rice straw
husk
- 2nd generation
+ 75 M tons (3rd
after China &
India)
+ 170% as straw
& husk
- 0% used and
burn
RICE PRODUCTION IN INDONE
SIA
Dec Mar
Dry
We
t
Produced more
than twice/year
Straw/husk are
available all year
Bioethanol are
more feasible
than other
countries
Improve food
security too
Sep -
May -
Climate Change Vulnerability focus
Adaptive capacity
Impacts focus
Reduce
poverty
and nonclimatic
stressors
Build
capacity/
systems
for problem
solving
Incorporate
climate info
into
decisionmaking
Main streaming
Stand-alone
Address
impacts
with
climate
change
International development focus
Traditional funding
New funding
SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS:
EXTENDED VALUE ADDED CHAIN
REDD+
High quality
cacao
Forestatio
n
Poverty
reduction
Climate
adaptation
Market
access
Climate
insurance/
finance
Bio gas
production
Climate
mitigation
WinWin
Sustai
n-able
busine
ss
Enable
enviro
n-ment
SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS: SUPPORTERS
Internationa
l
National
Japanese
government
s
Trading
ministry
Local
government
s
Kanematsu
trading
company
Gobel
Panasonic
NGO
Kalimajari
Dari-K
Chocolate
company
Met office
KSS
cooperative
Local
More to come and
ADVANTAGES OF CACAO PRODUCTION
If energy gain > energy loss =
warning
Factor affecting climate
changes
Indicators
Rise
0.74 in
100 years
Global warming
projection
Riebeek (2010), based on IPCC (2007:
Figure 10.4)
in any
scenario
2 even if cut CO2 in
BECAME THE INTERNATIONAL EXPERT OF
CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION
Consulting in
many developing
countries
Advising to the
Ethiopian president
Contributing to the
international community
DR. TAKAMA CONTRIBUTED TO INDONESIA
Developed Standard
Operational Procedures
for Climate Change
Vulnerability
Produced
vulnerabil
ity maps
Dr. Takamas
work was
appreciated by
the Head of
DR. TAKAMA WO
RKED ON CAPAC
ITY DEVELOPME
NT IN INDONESI
A
Training
on
vulnerabil
ity
At local &
national
levels
Reported
by media
230M
people
(4th)
Big
deman
ds
Farmin
g,
Tourism
, Fissile
(GDP
8th)
Climate
relate
issues
18K
islands,
1M
km2
(15th)
Spread
&
Diverse
Major
G20
country
Indones
ia Unique
rural
agroenergy
Climate Change Vulnerability focus
Adaptive capacity
Impacts focus
Reduce
poverty
and nonclimatic
stressors
Build
capacity/
systems
for problem
solving
Incorporate
climate info
into
decisionmaking
Main streaming
Stand-alone
Address
impacts
with
climate
change
International development focus
Traditional funding
New funding
10
11
12
3 4
30 40
PURPOSE OF COMPANY
Sustainability &
Resilience Co.
Consulting services on
Climate Change
Adaptation &
Vulnerability to
Indonesia and
international
0.04% =
1/2,258
0.17% =
Win-win: Cacao as afforestation &
REDD+ project in Indonesia
Preserved forest
S&B corn
Production forest
S&B corn
Non-forest area
Carbon emission
Without REDD+ project
start
With REDD+ project
Time
Introduce
improved
cocoa farming
EXPANSION OF TROPICS DUE TO CLIMATE
CHANGE?
100 LU
100 LS
PRISTINE CLIMATE
WARMING CLIMATE
WHAT IS CLIMATE?
Climate Weather
