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Population, Poverty, and Development

China and India are the two most populous countries in the world and have experienced rapid economic growth. China implemented a strict one-child policy in 1980 that has slowed population growth but also restricted personal freedoms. India has taken a less restrictive approach through empowering women's education and access to family planning. Both countries face challenges of aging populations and gender imbalances as fertility declines. Success in Kerala, India shows that development focusing on poverty reduction and education can lower population growth without authoritarian policies.

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Malika Mudassar
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343 views12 pages

Population, Poverty, and Development

China and India are the two most populous countries in the world and have experienced rapid economic growth. China implemented a strict one-child policy in 1980 that has slowed population growth but also restricted personal freedoms. India has taken a less restrictive approach through empowering women's education and access to family planning. Both countries face challenges of aging populations and gender imbalances as fertility declines. Success in Kerala, India shows that development focusing on poverty reduction and education can lower population growth without authoritarian policies.

Uploaded by

Malika Mudassar
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HAFIZ AHMED

(14171521-054)
ESSA KHAN
(14171521-066)

POPULATION, POVERTY, AND


DEVELOPMENT
CHINA AND INDIA

Introduction

Two of the worlds fastest growing


economies , china and India , also happen
to be the worlds two most populous
nations.

Population, Poverty, and Development


China
Chinas population remains larger, but its highly restrictive
one child policy, despite being fairly successful at slowing
fertility, has apparently been less successful than
approaches based on womens empowerment.
Everything is growing faster in china than India,except for
population.

Chinas population by 200 million people by 2050.

Chinas rapid economic growth since about 1980 has also


been attributed in part to its lower fertility rate.

POPULATION POLICY IN
CHINA

After the Communist takeover in 1949, Chinese leaders led by Mao


Zedong took a broadly pronatalist stance, believing that a communist
society could solve any population problems and that a larger
population would mean a more powerful country.
Mao (whom Chinas leaders still call 60% right about policy) went so
far as to send advocates of population control to jail. However, in the
face of famine in the late 1950s, these policies moderated.

Chinese government adopted a policy of one child per family.


Social and political pressures to limit family size to one child
included requiring women to appeal to the neighborhood
committee or council for formal permission to become
pregnant.
Mothers of two or more children were often denied
promotions, and steep fines, sometimes in excess of ten
times Chinas per capita income, were levied for second and
third children.
The most recent data confirm that these trends have
continued. It is estimated that in 2010, there were 106 males
for every 100 females in China overall

POPULATION POLICY IN INDIA

In 1949, India became the first country to implement a national


family-planning program.

Early 1970s, observers were becoming increasingly alarmed by the


very high rate of population growth in India.

In Madhya Pradesh, individuals who had a third or subsequent child


after January 2001 were banned from running for election to village
council posts

CONTINUE

In 2004, an uproar over reported higher fertility among Muslims


than among Hindus

As fertility has fallen, a preference for boys over girls has


developed, particularly in the Hindi belt in northern India.

Kerala, a state on Indias southwest coast that has emphasized


poverty reduction and human development, is an important case in
point.

CONTINUE

Mid-1990s, Keralas fertility rate had fallen to just 1.7 births per
woman and has remained low.

Facilitated by village television and Internet, may have made a big


impact, proving that cultural awareness can be powerful.

Television, billboard, and other advertising in India has promoted


family planning .

CONTINUE

More than 85% of women in Kerala are literate, which means


they have more power in the household and opportunities in the
workforce as well as the ability to read print materials about
fertility and family planning.

Success of Kerala suggests that fertility reduction may depend


not on rapid economic growth.

THANK YOU

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