Ravenshaw Junior College
Cuttack
Project Report:
GLOBAL WARMING
Presented by :Preetish Priyadarshi Samal
For having nice project contact me on :preetish.pn2@gmail.com
www.facebook.com/preetish.pn2
GLOBAL WARMING
CONTENTS
Certificate
Declaration
Preface
Acknowledgement
Difference between Global Warming & Climate Change
What is Global Warming
How do GLOBAL Warming works
Cause of Global Warming
Green House effect & its example
Global Warming Causes
Animals thought toward Global Warming
Major Consequences
Who is responsible
Proof
When did Global Warming start
How can we stop Global Warming
Have Faith on
Global Warming : Shifting Gears
Us emission
But our Goal
Response to Global Warming
Interesting evidence of Global Warming
Conclusion
CERTIFICATE
I Do here by certified that this project titled GLOBAL
WARMING. Is done by PREETISH PRIYADARSHI SAMAL, of
RAVENSHAW JUNIOR COLLEGE , is an original work and
have been submitted under by supervision and guidance.
Acknowledgement and believe, this project work is
completed from every aspect, which can help the study in
various ways.
I wish all success in future life.
DECLARATION
I , PREETISH PRIYADARSHI SAMAL
declared that , I tried my best to do this
project work, GLOBAL WARMING and
the project is completed by myself from
every aspect under the guidance of my
college teacher.
PREETISH PRIYADARSHI
SAMAL
PREFACE
Human activities have led to large increases in heat-trapping gases over the
past century. The global warming of the past 50 years is due primarily to this
human-induced increase. Global average temperature and sea level have
increased, and precipitation patterns have changed. Human fingerprints also
have been identified in many other aspects of the climate system, including
changes in ocean heat content, precipitation, atmospheric moisture, plant and
animal health and location, and Arctic sea ice.
In the U.S., the amount of rain falling in the heaviest downpours has
increased approximately 20 percent on average in the past century.
Many types of extreme weather events, such as heat waves and regional
droughts, have become more frequent and intense during the past 40 to 50 years.
The destructive energy of Atlantic hurricanes has increased... In the eastern
Pacific, the strongest hurricanes have become stronger since the 1980s, even
while the total number of storms has decreased. Sea level has risen along most of
the U.S. coast over the last 50 years, and will rise more in the future. Arctic sea ice
is declining rapidly and this is very likely to continue. Global temperatures are
projected to continue to rise over this century. Whether by 2-3 degrees F or more
than 11 degrees depends on a number of factors, including the amount of heattrapping gas emissions humans continue to allow and how sensitive the climate is
to those emissions. Lower emissions of heat-trapping gases will delay the
appearance of climate change impacts and lessen their magnitude. Unless the rate
of emissions is substantially reduced, impacts are expected to become increasingly
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I, PREETISH PRIYADARSHI SAMAL, owe a great many
thanks to a great many people who helped and supported me
during the writing of this project. My deepest thanks to our
Zoology Lecturer MS. PUSHPALATA PAL, the guide of the
project for guiding and correcting various documents of mine
with attention and care.
She has taken pain to go through the project and make
necessary correction as and when needed.I express my
thanks to the Principal forextending her support. My deep
sense of gratitude to my friends for their support and
guidance. I would also thank my Institution and my faculty
members without whom this project would have been a
distant reality. I also extend my heartfelt thanks to my family
and well wishers for their encouragement and cooperation.
It should NOT be confused with climate
change ! !
Difference
GLOBAL WARMING
is the increase of the
Earths average surface
temperature due to a
build-up of greenhouse
gases in the
atmosphere.
CLIMATE CHANGE
is a broader term that
refers to long-term
changes in climate,
including average
temperature and
precipitation.
What is global
warming ?
Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of Earth's
atmosphere and oceans, which started to increase in the late 19th
century and is projected to keep going up. Since the early 20th century,
Earth's average surface temperature has increased by about
0.8 C
(1.4F), with about two thirds of the increase occurring since 1980.
Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and scientists are more
than 90% certain that most of it is caused by increasing concentrations of
greenhouse gases produced by human activities such as deforestation
and burning fossil fuels. These findings are recognized by the national
science academies of all the major industrialized nations.
An increase in global temperature will cause sea levels to rise and
will change the amount and pattern of precipitation, and a probable
expansion of subtropical deserts. Warming is expected to be
strongest in the Arctic and would be associated with continuing
retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely effects of the
warming include more frequent occurrence of extreme-weather events
including heat waves, droughts and heavy rainfall, species extinctions
due to shifting temperature regimes, and changes in crop yields.
How Global Warming Works
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Greenhouse gases
Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas)
CAUSES OF GLOBAL WARMING
POLLUTION FROM COAL,
NATURAL GAS, AND OIL
CO2 FROM AIRPLANES & VEHICLES
POPULATION INCREASE
DEFORESTATION
Greenhouse Effect
Example of the
Greenhouse Effect
The Suns energy
passes through the
cars windshield.
This energy (heat) is
trapped inside the
car and cannot pass
back through the
windshield, causing
the inside of the car
to warm up.
Global warming causes-
Melting of glaciers
Increased probability
and intensity of
droughts and heat
waves
Polar Bear Extinction
Melting
Polar ice caps
Warmer waters and
more hurricanes
Increased Temperature
Animals like these
think like
WHERE IS my habitat!!!
Global warming causesTemperatures
Between the years 1860-1900 average temperatures have increased by 0.75 degrees Celsius.
Over the past 100 years global temperatures have risen by 1.3 degrees.
Weather in recent winters
Recent winter was the warmest winter ever recorded( in the history of the planet Earth).
10 out of the past 14 years are the warmest on record.
Glacier and Ice Cap Melting
Evidence of global warming is very apparent in the recent melting of ice sheets.
Two places where melting has become extremely visible are Antarctica and Greenland.
One problem with this is that much less heat is absorbed by snow than by water, thus worsening the
effect as the ice retreats.
One area of particular concern is the Himalayans. 1/3 of the worlds fresh drinking water comes from
the run off from this glacier system.
A direct consequence from our polluting actions will be the disappearance of these vital glaciers.
Sea level rising
Possibly the biggest threat brought by global warming is rapid sea level changes.
Two years ago the entire Larsen B ice shelf broke away into pieces in less than a month.
Scientists thought it would be at least a decade before this shelf melted, even with global
warming.
Both Greenland and Western Antarctica are depleting at shocking rates.
Not all of global Warming's effects are unprecedented.
Major CONSEQUENCE
At some places, it
DROUGHT
At others
SOMEWHERE its
WHEREAS At others tooo..
tooo.ooo
Hot !!
UNSEASONAL
FLOOD
Its all because of
GLOBAL WARMING
COLD
CAUSED BY WHOM????
WHO Is THE
CULPRIT???
WE the HUMAMS are
the ones causing It
BUT
We need PROOF ! !
SO Heres the PROOF
Alaska
Portage Glacier
1914
2004
Arizona
Colorado River
June 2002
Dec 2003
ANTARCTICA losing ice
faster..!!!!!!
BEFORE
NOW
"There will be no polar ice by 2060...Somewhere along that path,
the polar bear drops out."
When did global warming start ?
Global Atmospheric Concentration of CO2
Spread Awareness
Turn off your computer or the TV
when youre not using it.
Incandescent
Compact
Fluorescent
500 lbs. of coal
1,430 lbs. CO2 pollution avoided -$30 saved
Be Bulb SmartUse CFLs
Dress lightly when its hot instead of
turning up the air conditioning.
Recycle
Drive LESS, drive SMART Use a bicycle or bus
AND HAVE FAITH ON
Wind Power
Fuel efficient cars
Solar Power
Hey..!!! Its
Global Warming:
Shifting Gears
Billions of Metric Tons Carbon
2007
Goal: Reductions
in
CO2 Per Year
BUT
Billions of Metric Tons Carbon
Our Goal
Produce
electricity
2007
Reductions
in CO2
Per Year
efficiently
Use electricity
efficiently
Vehicle
efficiency
Solar and Wind
Power
Biofuels
Carbon capture
and storage
RESPONSE TO GLOBAL WARMING
MITIGATION
In order to limit warming to within the lower range described in the IPCC's "Summary Report for Policymakers" it
will be necessary to adopt policies that will limit greenhouse gas emissions to one of several significantly different
scenarios described in the full report. This will become more and more difficult with each year of increasing volumes
of emissions and even more drastic measures will be required in later years to stabilize a desired atmospheric
concentration of greenhouse gases. Energy-related carbon-dioxide (CO2) emissions in 2010 were the highest in
history, breaking the prior record set in 2008.
Since even in the most optimistic scenario, fossil fuels are going to be used for years to come, mitigation may
also involve carbon capture and storage, a process that traps CO2 produced by factories and gas or coal
power stations and then stores it, usually underground.
ADAPTATION
Other policy responses include adaptation to climate change. Adaptation to climate change may be planned, e.g.,
by local or national government, or spontaneous, i.e., done privately without government intervention. The
ability to adapt is closely linked to social and economic development. Even societies with high capacities to adapt are
still vulnerable to climate change. Planned adaptation is already occurring on a limited basis. The barriers, limits, and
costs of future adaptation are not fully understood.
REENGENEERING
A body of the scientific literature has developed which considers alternative reengineering techniques for climate
change mitigation. In the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report (published in 2007) Working Group III (WG3) assessed
some "apparently promising" geoengineering techniques, including ocean fertilization, capturing and sequestering
CO2, and techniques for reducing the amount of sunlight absorbed by the Earth's atmospheric system. [132] The IPCC's
overall conclusion was that geoengineering options remained "largely speculative and unproven, (...) with the risk of
unknown side-effects."[133] In the IPCC's[ judgement, reliable cost estimates for geoengineering options had not yet
been published.
As most geoengineering techniques would affect the entire globe, deployment would likely require global public
acceptance and an adequate global legal and regulatory framework, as well as significant further scientific research.
Interesting evidence of global warming
In far northern Canada
the Native Inuit have
noticed the sun rise
significantly earlier in the
year (2 months)
This phenomena is an
example of how little
we know about the
possible implications
of global warming
This has been
caused by the
warming of the
layer of air above
the snow. This
distorts the suns
light, literally
causing it to rise
earlier.
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CONCLUSION
The term global warming was probably first used in its modern sense
on 8 August 1975 in a science paper by Wally Broacher in the journal
Science called "Are we on the brink of a pronounced global warming?".
Broachers choice of words was new and represented a significant
recognition that the climate was warming; previously the phrasing used by
scientists was "inadvertent climate modification," because while it was
recognized humans could change the climate, no one was sure which
direction it was going. The National Academy of Sciences first used global
warming in a 1979 paper called the Carney Report, it said: "if carbon dioxide
continues to increase no reason to doubt that climate changes will result
and no reason to believe that these changes will be negligible." The report
made a distinction between referring to surface temperature changes as
global warming, while referring to other changes caused by increased CO2
as climate change.
Global warming became more widely popular after 1988 when NASA
climate scientist James Hansen used the term in a testimony to Congress.
He said: "global warming has reached a level such that we can ascribe with
a high degree of confidence a cause and effect.
The Earth is melting!
Use less energy
Save the Earth
to save
Our Future
Preetish Priyadarshi Samal
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