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Databases in A Distributed Environment

The document discusses databases in a distributed environment, highlighting the differences between centralized and distributed databases, which can be partitioned or replicated. It emphasizes the importance of data currency and the use of database lockout to prevent simultaneous access to data, as well as addressing the deadlock phenomenon and its resolution. Additionally, it outlines the advantages of partitioned databases, such as improved transaction processing and increased user control.

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Junedyn Turdil
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45 views16 pages

Databases in A Distributed Environment

The document discusses databases in a distributed environment, highlighting the differences between centralized and distributed databases, which can be partitioned or replicated. It emphasizes the importance of data currency and the use of database lockout to prevent simultaneous access to data, as well as addressing the deadlock phenomenon and its resolution. Additionally, it outlines the advantages of partitioned databases, such as improved transaction processing and increased user control.

Uploaded by

Junedyn Turdil
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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DATABASES IN A

DISTRIBUTED
ENVIRONMENT

DATABASES IN A DISTRIBUTED
ENVIRONMENT

The databases can be centralized


or they can be distributed.
Distributed databases fall into two
categories:
partitioned databases
replicated databases

Centralized Databases

involves retaining the data in a central


location.
A fundamental objective of the database
approach is to maintain data currency.

Data Currency in a DDP Environment

During data processing, account


balances pass through a state of
temporary inconsistency where their
values are incorrectly stated. This occurs
during the execution of a transaction.

Data Currency in a DDP Environment

The AR-Control account value is


temporarily inconsistent by the sum of
$2,000. Only after the completion of the
entire transaction is this inconsistency
resolved.

Data Currency in a DDP Environment

To achieve data currency, simultaneous


access to individual data elements by
multiple IT units must be prevented. The
solution to this problem is to employ a
database lockout.

Database Lockout

software control (usually a function of


the DBMS) that prevents multiple
simultaneous accesses to data.

Distributed Databases
partitioned
replicated

The Partitioned Database Approach


splits the central database into segments or
partitions that are distributed to their
primary users
Advantages:

Having data stored at local sites increases


users control.
Transaction processing response time is
improved by permitting local access to data
and reducing the volume of data that must
be transmitted between IT units.
Partitioned databases can reduce the
potential effects of a disaster.

The Deadlock
Phenomenon

A deadlock is a permanent condition


that must be resolved by special
software that analyzes each deadlock
condition to determine the best solution.

Deadlock Resolution

Resolving a deadlock usually involves


terminating one or more transactions to
complete processing of the other
transactions in the deadlock.
The preempted transactions must then
be reinitiated.

Some of the factors that are


considered in Preempting
Transactions:

The resources currently invested in the


transaction.
The transactions stage of completion.
The number of deadlocks associated with
the transaction.

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