* CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
Define the term,
computer
Discuss the history &
evolution of computer
Describes the
categories of computer
Identify the
components, types and
function of a computer
Distinguish between
system software and
application software
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
1.1 What is Computer
Computer is an electronic device or machine working
under a set of instruction, to accept data, process it
into meaningful information and store it for future
use.
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
1.2 History and Evolution of Computer
* Babbage and The Countess, Difference and Analytical
Engine
* Most
histories of the modern computer begin with the
Analytical Engine envisioned by Charles Babbage.
* Babbage's assistant and collaborator, Ada Lovelace, is
said to have introduced the ideas of program loops and
subroutines and is sometimes considered the first
programmer.
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
1.2 History and Evolution of Computer
* Herman Hollerith, Tabulating Machine
* In
1890 Herman Hollerith tabulating machine won in
competition that was held to find some way to speed the
counting process.
* The machine uses electrical power rather than mechanical to
drive the device.
* In 1896 he himself founded the Tabulating Machine Company
and in 1924 the successor to this company merged with two
other companies to form International Business Machines
Corporation IBM.
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
5
1.2 History and Evolution of Computer
* The Modern Era
* During late 1930s, Dr John V Atanasoff, a professor from
Iowa State University spent time trying to build an
electronic calculating device.
* He and his assistant, Clifford Berry built the first digital
computer that worked electronically; the ABC for
Atanasoff Berry Computer.
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
1.2 History and Evolution of Computer
* In 1924 the world first general purpose electronic digital
computer was built by John Mauchly and his assistant J.
Presper Eckert.
* Their invention was the ENIAC Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer which able to multiply a pair
of numbers in about three milliseconds.
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
1.2 History and Evolution of Computer
* Modern
computers inherently follow the ideas of the
stored program laid out by John von Neumann in 1945.
* Essentially,
the program is read by the computer one
instruction at a time, an operation is performed, and
the computer then reads in the next instruction, and so
on.
* Recently,
computers and programs have been devised
that allow multiple programs (and computers) to work
on the same problem at the same time in parallel.
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
1.3 Categories of Computer
Personal computers
Mobile computers
Mobile devices
Game consoles
Server
Mainframe
Supercomputers
Embedded computers
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
1.3 Categories of Computer
A.
Personal computers
Desktop computers
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
10
1.3 Categories of Computer
Most often called personal computer (PC), also known as
desktop and microcomputers
Designed so all of the components fit entirely on or under
a desk or table
PC categories:
* Low-end computers
- Fine for home users, word processing, simple games, Internet
access
* Fully powered computers
- Good for heavy use of graphics, programming, or actionoriented games
* Workstations
- Very high-end computers used by engineers, financial traders,
and graphic designers
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
11
1.3 Categories of Computer
B.
Mobile computers
Notebook (laptop)
Small, lightweight computers
Portable, small enough to fit on your lap
Usually more expensive than a desktop computer with equal
capabilities
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
12
1.3 Categories of Computer
B.
Mobile computers
Tablet PC
Resembles a letter-sized slate
Allows you to write on the screen using a digital pen
Especially useful for taking notes
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
13
1.3 Categories of Computer
C.
Mobile devices
Small enough to carry in a pocket
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
14
1.3 Categories of Computer
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
Provides
personal
organizer
functions
(calendar,
appointme
nt
book,
address
book,
calculator,
notepad)
Accepts
input with
hand-held
stylus
15
Handheld computer
an
Internetenabled
telephone
that
usually
provides
PDA
capabilities
Personal digital assistant (PDA)
Smart phones
Examples :
Small
enough to
fit in one
hand
Used by
mobile
employees
such as
meter
readers
and
delivery
people
1.3 Categories of Computer
Digital cameras
Portable media players
Examples :
a camera that takes
video
or
still
photographs,
or
both, digitally by
recording
images
via an electronic
image sensor.
a consumer
electronics device
that is capable of
storing and playing
digital media.
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
16
1.3 Categories of Computer
D.
Game consoles
Mobile computing device designed for single-player or
multiplayer video games
Examples : Microsoft Xbox 360, Nintendos Wii, Sonys
Playstation 3
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
17
1.3 Categories of Computer
E.
Server
Controls access to the hardware, software, and other
resources on a network
Multi-user computers designed to serve the needs of
medium-sized organizations
Hundreds or thousands of users connected
Used for inventory, order-entry, and other company-wide
Applications
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
18
1.3 Categories of Computer
F.
Mainframe
A large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle
hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously
Often used for applications with many users such as :
Reservations systems
Payroll processing
Insurance business
Large mail-order houses
E-mail servers
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
19
1.3 Categories of Computer
G.
Supercomputers
The fastest, most powerful and most expensive computer
Used for very sophisticated applications requiring
mammoth data manipulation:
Weather forecasting
Space exploration
Oil exploration
Weapons research
Special effects for movies
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
20
1.3 Categories of Computer
H. Embedded computers
A special-purpose computer
or a control system that
functions as a component in a larger product
Designed to perform a specific task
Examples of products that contain embedded computers:
Automobiles
- antilock brakes, airbag controllers, cruise control
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
21
1.3 Categories of Computer
Process controllers and robotics
- remote monitoring systems, medical devices,
machine controllers
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
22
1.3 Categories of Computer
Computer devices and office machine
- keyboard, printers, copy machine
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
23
1.3 Categories of Computer
Home automation devices
- appliances : washing machine, microwave ovens,
sprinkling system, security monitoring systems
Consumer electronics
- mobile and digital telephones, digital cameras, DVD player and
recorders
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
24
1.4 Core Component, Types and Computer Functions
m
o
C
o
p
e
n
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
t
n
25
1.4 Core Component, Types and Computer Functions
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
26
1.4 Core Component, Types and Computer Functions
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
27
1.4 Core Component, Types and Computer Functions
Consist of :
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
28
1.4 Core Component, Types and Computer Functions
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
29
1.4 Core Component, Types and Computer Functions
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
30
1.4 Core Component, Types and Computer Functions
Types
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
31
1.4 Core Component, Types and Computer Functions
Computer functions
Input
Process
Output
Storage
All
computers must be able to:
Gather data
Process data
Store data
Disseminate data
Display data
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
32
Information
Processing
Cycle
1.5 Concept of Hardware and Software
* Hardware - the mechanical, magnetic, electronic, and
electrical components making up a computer
system
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
33
1.5 Concept of Hardware and Software
* Software
* also called a program
* consists of a series of related instructions, organized for a
common purpose
* that tells the computer what tasks to perform and how to
perform them
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
34
1.5 Concept of Hardware and Software
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
35
1.5 Concept of Hardware and Software
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
36
1.5 Concept of Hardware and Software
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
37
Summary :
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
38
Chapter 1 Complete
TTS1073 : Concepts & Applications of IT
39
