This document discusses sociolinguistic research on gender and language. It addresses how gender relates to linguistic variation and social attitudes. Specifically, it explores differences in language use between women and men. Some key findings are that women tend to use more standard forms while men use more vernacular forms. Various explanations for this are proposed, such as women's role as guardians of social values or vernacular forms expressing masculinity. The context of interactions and how participants are categorized can also influence language patterns between genders.
This document discusses sociolinguistic research on gender and language. It addresses how gender relates to linguistic variation and social attitudes. Specifically, it explores differences in language use between women and men. Some key findings are that women tend to use more standard forms while men use more vernacular forms. Various explanations for this are proposed, such as women's role as guardians of social values or vernacular forms expressing masculinity. The context of interactions and how participants are categorized can also influence language patterns between genders.
This document discusses sociolinguistic research on gender and language. It addresses how gender relates to linguistic variation and social attitudes. Specifically, it explores differences in language use between women and men. Some key findings are that women tend to use more standard forms while men use more vernacular forms. Various explanations for this are proposed, such as women's role as guardians of social values or vernacular forms expressing masculinity. The context of interactions and how participants are categorized can also influence language patterns between genders.
This document discusses sociolinguistic research on gender and language. It addresses how gender relates to linguistic variation and social attitudes. Specifically, it explores differences in language use between women and men. Some key findings are that women tend to use more standard forms while men use more vernacular forms. Various explanations for this are proposed, such as women's role as guardians of social values or vernacular forms expressing masculinity. The context of interactions and how participants are categorized can also influence language patterns between genders.
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SOCIOLINGUISTICS
NAME : Trito Junus Victor Tiala
NIM : 1221150902 NAME : Reisa Hutagalung NIM : 1321150004
GENDER AND AGE
Gender and Age
Gender in sosiolinguistics and other social sciences, sexual identity in relation to culture and society. The ways in which words are used can both reflect and reinforce social attitudes toward gender. The age pattern is a typical sociolinguistic pattern based on the age of a speaker. It describes a characteristic type of age-graded linguistic variation and describes change in the speech behaviour of individual speakers as they get older. The terms sex and gender rather than sex has come to refer to categories distinguished by biological characteristics, while gender is more appropriate for distinguishing people on the basis of their socio-cultural behaviour, including speech.
Communities Women and men do not speak in exactly the same way as each other in any community. Spouses speak different languages because they must marry out of tribe and each tribe has its own language.
Gender Preferential Speech Features : Social Dialect Research
women and men do not use competely different forms.
Women and men use particular forms, one gender shows a greater preference for them than the other Women tend to use more of the standard forms than me do , while men use more of the vernacular forms than men do.
Gender and Social Class
The speech of women and men in Western communities are ussually features which also distinguish the speech of people from diffrent social class. In every social class men use more vernacular forms than women.
Preference for Vernacular
Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 161.
Explanations for the difference in
language use by gender The social status explanation Womens role as guardian of societys
values Subordinate groups must be polite Vernacular form express machismo
Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 164 - 167.
The social status explanation
Women use more standard speech
forms than men because they want t
claim social status, especially those who do not have paid employment. Counter-argument In American study comparing the speech of women in service operation and that of women working in the home, women in paid occupations use more standard forms. Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 164.
Womens role as guardian of
societys values Society tends to expect better behaviour from women than from men. Therefore they serve as role models for childrens speech. Counter-argument Interactions between a mother and her child are likely to be very relaxed and informal, and vernacular forms rather than standard forms are used. Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 165.
Subordinate groups must be polite
Women as a subordinate group must speak carefully and politely, and therefore tend to use more standard forms. Counter-argument Polite speech does not necessarily equate standard speech. Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 166.
Vernacular forms express machismo
Men prefer vernacular forms because they carry macho connotation of masculinity and toughness.
Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 167.
Some alternative explanations
How women are categorised? The influence of the interviewer and the
context
Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 168.
How women are
categorised? Researchers in early social dialect studies often used the womens husbands occupation as their major criterion. Therefore miscategorisation often occurred and that explained the speech behaviour of the women.
Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 169.
The influence of the interviewer and
the context The interviewer as a middle-class
well-educated academic The interviewer as man The formal context
Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 169.
Women's and Men's Idle Talk 1
Women Its overall function for women is to affirm solidarity and maintain the social relationships between the women involved. Women's gossip focuses predominantly on personal experiences and personal relationships, on personal problems and feelings. It may include criticism of the behaviour of others, but women tend to avoid criticizing people directly because this would cause discomfort. Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 316.
Women's and Men's Idle Talk 2
Men The male equivalent of women's gossip is difficult to identify. In parallel situations the topics men discuss tend to focus on things and activities, rather than personal experiences and feelings. Topics like sport, cars, and possessions turn up regularly. The focus is on information and facts rather than on feelings and reactions. Holmes, Janet. 2013. An Introduction to Sociolinguistics, 4th edition. London: Pearson, p. 317.
