Kingdom Eubacteria
Unicellular, prokaryotes, heterotrophic and
autotrophic
I. BACTERIA
colonies- group together as visible
cluster of
individual bacterial cells
filaments- arranged as thread-like
strands of cells
Asexual reproduction
Producers, consumers, decomposers
Bacterial pathogens- ability to cause disease
Bacterial Shapes
Cocci- spherical bacteria and usually forms chains or
clusters
Bacilli- rod-shaped bacteria; occur in single form, threadlike filamentous in appearance.
Spirilla spiral-shaped bacteria that look like a
corkscrew.
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Clostridium
botulinum
(Botulism)
Salmonellatyphus
E.Coli(RodShaped)
Streptococcus
(Spherical
Shaped)
Spirilla(Spiral
Shaped)
Almost all prokaryotes have a cell wall that enables them to
withstand a wide range of environments.
Cell wall of bacteria falls into two category:
A. Gram positive bacteria- refers to those that retain the
violet dye which appear deep blue or purple when treated
with gram stain.
-ability to retain gram stain is due to the presence of
peptidoglycan in cell wall
B. Gram negative bacteria - refers to those that do not retain
the gram stain but are made visible under the
microscope
using a counterstain that appears pink-red
GRAM STAIN- special dye which was developed by Hans
Christian Gram in 1884.
Nutrition:
Cyanobacteria photoautotrophs (able to
harness sunlight and use CO2 in turn release
oxygen
Some bacteria chemoautotrophs (able to
use chemicals to survive
1. Unicellular
2. Prokaryotes
3. Chemotrophic
Halophiles
Methanogens
(MethaneMakers)
Kingdom Archaebacteria
Psychrophiles(cold
lovers)
Thermophiles
Archaebacteria
-Popularly
known as extremophiles
-They live in an extremely different types of
environment
-First discovered in 1983 when scientists took samples
from a volcanic vent in the Pacific Ocean.
-Most
of them were chemosynthetic bacteria.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Classified based on the environments in which they live:
Halophilic those that live in extremely salty environment such
as Salt Lake and Dead Sea.
Thermoacidophilic heat loving organisms and can live in
places with boiling water temperature and in an acidic condition.
Methanogens- they live in oxygen-free environments
(anaerobic) and produce methane gas. They are common in
swamps, bogs, and landfills. They create peculiar odor in these
places.
Sulfolobus are sulfur-loving bacteria and live in places of high
sulfur content like in mudsprings and hotsprings.
Psychrophilic or cold-loving bacteria; can live in freezing
temperatures.(common in North poles and South poles)
Kingdom
Protista
1. Unicellular
2. Eukaryotes
3. Heterotrophic and Autotrophic
Euglena(plantlikeprotist)
Amoeba
(animallike
protist)
SlimeMold
(Funguslike
protist)
-Organisms under this kingdom are the most
primitive forms but the most diverse among
unicellular eukaryotic organisms.
-This kingdom is divided into three groups:
1.Plant-like protists - those with chlorophyll and
self-nourished through photosynthesis.
2.Animal-like protists example: Paramecium and
Amoeba
3.Fungus-like protists example: slime molds
Kingdom Plantae
Multicellular, Eukaryotes, Autotrophic
Two General Groups:
A. Vascular Plants have true vascular tissues containing welldefined tubes which are suited for life in dry land and allow them
to grow tall.
Two types of vascular tissues:
1. Phloem conducts manufactured food to other parts of
the body.
2. Xylem- absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
Ferns (Pteridophytes)
B. Non-vascular Plants mostly low-growing and do not possess
roots for absorbing water from the ground.
Mosses
(Bryophyte
s)
Kingdom Fungi
Lichens(algae
andfungi)
Most fungi are saprophytic and parasitic
while others are predatory or symbiotic.
BreadMold
(threadlike
fungi)
YeastFungi(sac
fungi)
Mushroom
Fungi(Club
Fungi)
Fungi
-Most fungi are multicellular and consist of many complex
eukaryotic cells.
-Their bodies are composed of a network of thread-like hyphae
with cellulose or chitinous cells walls.
-They recycle carbon and other elements back to the environment
where they can be reused by other organisms.
-Other fungi provides numerous drugs such as penicillin and other
antibiotics.
Five Phylogenetic Groups of Kingdom Fungi
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Chytridiomycota ( Chytrids) Imperfect Fungi
Zygomycota (Zygomycetes) Common Molds
Glomeromycota (Glomeromycetes)Mycorrhizal fungi
Ascomycota (Ascomycetes) Sac Fungi
Basiodiomycota (Basiodiomycetes) Club
Fungi
Kingdom Animalia
1. Multicellular
2. Eukaryotes
3. Heterotrophic
Animals occupy the level of consumers which can be subdivided
into: Herbivores (plant eaters), Carnivores (animal eaters),
Omnivores ( plant and animal eaters)
Can be classified as:
1. Vertebrates (animals with backbone)
2. Invertebrates ( animals that lack backbone)
Common Animal Phyla
Representative Members
Porifera
Sponge
Cnidaria
Jelly fish. Sea anemones, corals
Ctenophora
Comb jelly
Platyhelminthes
Planaria (free-living flatworms), parasitic
flukes, tapeworms
Nematoda
Ascaris
Rotifera
Rotifers (wheel animacules)
Bryozoa
Bryozoans (Rhabdopleura)
Mollusca
Snails, clams, squids, octopus
Annelida
Earthworms, leeches
Arthropoda
Crabs, lobsters, spiders, centipedes, insects
Echinodermata
Starfishes, sea urchins, sea cucumber
Hemichordata
Acorn worms
Chordata
Tunicates, lancelets, fishes, amphibians,
birds, mammals
