OTC000301 DWDM System

Troubleshooting
ISSUE 1.3

Optical Network Curriculum

Development Section

1.Basic methods of fault localization

2.Classification of fault processing

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1.Basic methods of fault localization

2.Classification of fault processing

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Requirements for Maintenance Personnel

Familiar system signal flow

Knowing well about hardware configuration

Collecting and storing the data during normal
running situation

Collecting and storing the on-site data (when

faulty)

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Basic Thoughts
Why Trouble?

The key step is to locate the fault to a

certain cable or a station or a exact
board accurately.

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Basic Principles
Locate the fault:
From external to internal
From wavelength adding &dropping sites to middle
sites ,and then to specific sub-rack

Analyze alarms from high level to low level

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Common Methods

1. Alarm and Performance Data Analyzing

2. Testing With Instruments

3. Replacement
4. Loop-back Method
5. Experienced Processing Method

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Alarm and Performance Data Analyzing

One of the channel from A to B is interrupted !
A
TWC

SDH

TWC
RWC

SDH
RWC

B
M32
/M40
D32
/D40

WBA

WPA

WPA

WBA

D32
/D40
M32
/M40

RWC

SDH
RWC
TWC

SDH

TWC

How can we
locate the fault?

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Alarm and Performance Data Analyzing

1.With NMS, directly synchronize and browse

current alarms ,obtain helpful information;

2.If there is no NMS in certain station, you may

observe the indicators of rack and sub-rack;
3.Check 15-min and 24-hour performance.

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Testing With Instruments

1. Optical spectrum analyzing (wavelength ,optical

power ,OSNR)
2. Optical power meter ,SDH analyzer
3. If possible ,compare power from performance in
NMS with power from instrument
4. MON port is available for on-line test

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Alarm:
LWC/TWC/OCU R_LOS

S
D
H

TWC

RWC

Measure receiving power of LWC/TWC/OCU .

Check Tx of SDH ,and patch cord between
SDH&OTU ,Rx of OTU
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Replacement Method

1. Board (OTU ,OA)

2. Fiber
3. Connector
4. Modules
5.

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Alarm: TWC RLOS

Exchange the
receiving signal of two
TWC,then observe
them.

S
D
H

TWC

RWC

S
D
H

TWC
RWC

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If there is still R-LOS,

Rx of TWC?

S
D
H

TWC

A
B

RWC

C
S
D
H

TWC
RWC

If there is R-LOS alarm on the

other TWC,

Tx of SDH ?Patch cord?

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Loopback Method
attenuator
Tx1

OM/OA

OLA

OA/OD

Rx1

Tx2

Rx2

Txn

Rxn

SDH
Analyzer

attenuator
Rx1

OA/OD

OLA

OM/OA

Tx1

Rx2

Tx2

Rxn

Txn

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Loopback Method
RWC reports RLOF alarm ,TWC is normal

TWC

M32

WBA

WPA

D32

RWC

S
D
H

S
TWC
RWC

RWC

RWC
TWC

D32

WPA

WBA

M32

D
H

TWC

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Experienced Processing Method

Reset board

Plugging/unplug board
Re-send configuration (SCC replacement)

It is recommended to use this method as

less as possible, since it is unsuitable for
finding fault reason thoroughly.
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1.Basic methods of fault localization

2.Classification of fault processing

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Classification of fault
1. NMS problems

2. Optical power problems

3. Error problems

4. Service interruption

5. Ecc problems

6. Order wire problem

7. Equipment interconnection problem

8.Other problems

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1. NMS problems
Password of t2000 user is lost
Login failed---IP is changed ,GNE is faulty ,ECC
Database Server failed
Start again ,delete *.krg , /opt/sybase/interfaces

T2000server failed
Check Database&T2000 server ,
killserver ,/T2000/server/ems.cfg, imap.cfg ,license...

Alarm/performance query and browsetime synchronization

Common operations
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Cases:
SQL SERVER 7 is not started---computer name is changed
User already logined---

Create different user names

Backup failed---Unix:% /T2000/server/database/backupmo.bat
T2000%tar cvf mo_bak_XXXX.tar mo
PC:C:\T2000\server\database\Backupmo.bat
to \T2000\Server\database\mo

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2.Optical power problems

Common Causes :
Fiber or patch cord is deteriorated or too tight
Tx or Rx module of accessed equipment is faulty.
Tx or Rx module of OTU is faulty
OA is faulty
Optical components are deteriorated.

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Optical power problems

Common Methods:
Alarm and performance analyzing
Power adjustment
Instrument testing
Loopback

Replacement

Familiar with the optical power specification of

OTU ,OA ,M32 ,D32 etc,.
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Optical power problems

IN-PWR-LOW alarm is
detected ?

A
TWC

B
M32

WBA

WPA

D32

RWC

S
D
H

S
TWC
RWC

RWC

RWC
TWC

D32

WPA

WBA

M32

D
H

TWC

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Optical power problems

B

A
TWC

M32

WBA

C
WBA

WPA

D32

RWC

H
RWC

D32

WPA

WBA

WPA

WBA

M32

TWC

The collected performance data at

different time are listed below.
What happened?

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Optical power problems

Board

From B

WPA

WPA

WBA

WBA

in

out

in

out

-15.6

Board

WPA

WBA

WBA

in

out

in

out

-20

From

7.0

WPA

-3.4

A
To

-9.2

To

14

From
-14.6

7.8

3.2

-14.3

7.6

-9.0

14.4

To
C

To
C
From

-19.6

14

B
From

-9.2

From
-14.3

7.6

To

B
To

-9.0

14.4

First time

Second time
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3. Error problems
Common Causes :
SDH Tx or Rx is wrong
Power is too high or too low ,Attenuation
Dispersion limitation
OSNR too low-------signal power is too low or
noise is too serious
Tx or Rx of OTU board
OA is faulty--------pump?
FEC function is faulty

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Error problems

Common Methods:
Alarm analyzing
Error performance monitoring
Instrument test
Power adjustment

Replacement method (board ,patch cord)

..
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Error problems

A
TWC

M32/M40 WBA

WPA

C
WBA

WPA D32/D40

RWC

H
RWC

D32/D40 WPA

WBA

WPA

WBA M32/D40

TWC

Bit errors are generated in services from A to C.

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Error problems

O
T
M

O
L
A

O
L
A

O
L
A

O
L
A

O
L
A

O
T
M

OCU and LWC are used at station A and G.

RSBBE is detected in OCU at station G.

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4.Service interruption problems

Common Causes :
Optical line cable is faulty or patch cord is not
well connected
Board is fault
Rx of OTU is unstable
Tx of OTU is faulty

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Service interruption problems

Common Methods:
Analyze the faulty direction ,status of OSC channel and
main channel , number of faulty wavelength channel
Alarm analyzing and performance monitoring
Instrument test (on-line measurement)
Power adjustment

Replacement method (board ,patch cord)

..
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Service interruption problems

RLOS is detected in
OTU at receiver side ?

O
T
M

100Km O
L
A

3
90Km

O
T
M

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5. Ecc problems

Common Causes :
Power supply is faulty
SCC unit fault
SC1 or SC2 board fault
HUB problem network cable connection
Fiber connection
ID or IP problems

ECC channel is blocked.

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Ecc problems

Common Methods:
Alarm and performance analyzing method.
Reset SCC board.
Replacement method
..

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ECC problems

NMS

Station A can not login station B and C normally.

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ECC problems

NMS

After replacement of SCC board at station B ,

It is found station A and B can be logined normally,
but station C cannot.

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6. Order wire problem

Common Causes:
External factors -- such as power failure, broken
fiber and so on.
Wrong setting of telephone set .
Wrong OHP configuration data.
Board faults -- such as SC1, SC2 and OHP.

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Order wire problem

Common Methods:
Alarm and performance analyzing
Replacement method

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Order wire problems

AC
B

The order wire from A to B and C is

blocked, even stations B and C can not
be called by dialing the conference
telephone from station A.

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7. Equipment Interconnection
TWC

SDH-1

M32/M40

WBA

WPA

D32/D40

RWC

RWC
TWC

TWC

SDH-1

RWF

SDH-2

RWC

D32/M40

WPA

WBA

TWC

M32/M40

SDH-2

The services from A and B are blocked.

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8. Other problems

Accessing signal is not standard

Pointer adjustment
Special unit is faulty (VOA ,flange ,connectors)
Instrument testing ( test method is wrong)
Label is wrong
HUB is faulty

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