Speed , Distance And Time

Basics
Distance =Speed* Time
Speed =Distance/Time
Time =Distance/Speed
To convert speed in kmph to m/sec, multiply it with 5/18
To convert speed in m/sec to kmph, multiply it with 18/5.
Average speed= Total distance traveled/Total time taken
When the body travels at u m/s for t1 seconds and v m/s
for t2 seconds, then
Average speed= (ut1+vt2)/(t1+t2). There are other aspects
of finding average speed
When the body travels L distance at u m/s and M
distance at v m/s; Average speed = (Mu+Lv)/(L+M)

Q:- A train covers a distance of 50 km with a speed of 40km/hr and next 60
km with a speed of 30 km/hr in travelling from A to B . What will be the
trains average speed during the whole journey?
Now here is a shortcut trick rule for this question.
If d1=first distance=50 km (given in above example)
And d2=second distance=60 km (given in above example)
And X=first speed=40 km/hr ( )
And Y=second speed=30 km/hr
Then average speed=
{(d1+d2)XY} /{(d1Y+d2X)}


Putting the value of d1, d2,X and Y from the given example in the above
formula
We get


Average speed= {(50+60)40x30}/{(50x30)+(60x40)}
Average speed=(110x40x30)/(1500+2400)
=(110x40x30)/3900
=(110x12)/39
=33.8 km/hr answer

A student reaches his home from school late by 30 minutes from his
scheduled if he walks at a speed of 5 km/h. but if he walks at a
speed of 6 km/h, he will reach his home 5 minutes early. What will
be the distance from school to home.
So here is the rule for this type of question.
Rule- if a person reaches his destination t1 time early by walking at a
speed of x and t2 time later by walking at a speed of y, then the
distance between both places is
={xy(t1+t2)}/{(x-y)60}
Now equate the question given above to the rule also given just above.
Now t1=30 minutes, t2=5 minutes
And x=5 km/h, y= 6 km/h


The distance will be then

={(30+5)5X6}/(5-6)60
= (35X5X6)/1X60
= 17.5 km answer
Q:- a person travels a total journey of 120 kms. He travels his half
distance at a speed of 60 km/h and half of the remaining at a speed
of 30 km/h and the last remaining at a speed of 10 km/h. what is
his average speed during the whole journey?


Now
D1=first half distance of 120 kms=60 km, speed=x=60km/h
D2=half of the remaining(60)=30 km, speed=y= 30km/h
D3=the last remaining=30 km, speed=z=10km/h

Rule:- If three different distances D1, D2, D3 are travelled at 3
different speeds i.e. x,y,z respectively, then


Average speed=(D1+D2+D3)/{(D1/x)+(D2/y)+(D3/z)} km/h

Average speed= (60+30+30)/ {(60/60)+(30/30)+(30/10)} km/h
Average speed= 120/(1+1+3)=120/5 km/h
Average speed=24 km/h
Relative Speed
Speed of a moving body with respect to
another moving body is called relative speed.
Speed of A with respect to B is as follows:-
When they are moving in same direction;
Relative speed of A= A-B
When they are moving in opposite direction;
Relative speed of A= A+B
Key points on Trains
When a train is crossing a pole distance
traveled by the train= length of train
When a train of length L is crossing a bridge of
length B; the distance traveled by train=L+B
When a train of length L is crossing a platform
of length P; then distance traveled by
train=L+P
When a train of length L1 is crossing/
overtaking another train L2; then distance
traveled = L1+ L2
Key points on Downstream/Upstream
Definition: In water, the direction along the stream is
called downstream. And, the direction against the
stream is called upstream.
Still Water: If the water is not moving then it is called
still water.
If the speed of a boat in still water is u km/hr and the
speed of the stream is v km/hr, then:
Speed downstream = (u + v) km/hr.
Speed upstream = (u v) km/hr.
If the speed downstream is a km/hr and the speed
upstream is b km/hr, then:
Speed in still water =(a+b)/2km/hr
Rate of stream=(a-b)/2 km/hr
If a man travels from point A to point B with a
speed of a and back to point A (from point B)
with a speed of b, then the average speed of
the body is: 2ab/(a+b)
Eg: A car covers a certain distance at a speed
of 90 km/hr while going and returns to the
starting point at a speed of 60 km/hr. Find the
average speed of the car for the whole
journey?
Solution: Average speed =
(2 x 90 x 60)/ (60+90)
= 72 km/hr
If a car does a journey in T hrs, the first half
at a km/hr and the second half at b km/hr.
The total distance covered by the car is :
(2 * Time * a * b )/ (a + b).
Eg: A motorcar does a journey in 10 hrs, the
first half at 21 kmph and the second half at 24
kmph. Find the distance?
Solution: Distance = (2 x 10 x 21 x 24) /
(21+24)
= 10080 / 45
= 224 km.
If a person goes from A to B at a speed of a
kmph and returns at a speed of b kmph and takes
T hours in all, then the distance between the A
and B:
Total time taken x (Product of the two Speeds /
Addition of the two speeds)
Eg: A boy goes to school at a speed of 3 kmph and
returns to the village at a speed of 2 kmph. If he
takes 5 hrs in all, what is the distance between the
village and the school?
Solution: Required distance =5*(3*2)/(3+2)= 6 km.
Suppose a person has walked some portion of
his speed (say in fraction, a/b), a person is x
minutes late to his office. Then his usual time
to cover the distance will be :-
Usual time=Late time /{1/(a/b)-1}
Eg: Walking of his speed, a person is 10 min
late to his office. Find his usual time to cover
the distance?
Solution:
Usual time = Late time / {1/ (3/4) 1)
= 10 / (4/3 -1 )
= 10 / (1/3)
= 30 minutes
Suppose a train traveling at x km/hr leaves Delhi at a
certain point of time (say a hours) and another train
traveling at y km/hr starts at (say b hours) in the same
direction.
Then how many km from will they be together is :
Product of speeds * {Difference of time (hours)
/(Difference of speeds)}
Eg: A train traveling 25 kmph leaves Delhi at 9 a.m. and
another train traveling 35 kmph starts at 2 p.m. in the
same direction. How many km from will they be
together?
Solution: Meeting points distance from the starting
point = [25 x 35 x (9 a.m - 2 p.m)] / (35 -25)
= (25 x 35x 5) / 10
= 4375 / 10
= 437.5 km
A man can row certain distance downstream
in t1 hours and returns the same distance
upstream in t2 hours. If the speed of stream is
y km/h, then the speed of man in still water is
given by:
y(t2+t1)/(t2-t1)km/hr
Eg: A man can row certain distance
downstream in 9 hours and returns the same
distance upstream in 6 hours. If the speed of
stream is 5 km/h, then the speed of man in
still water is given by:
Solution: Hence the speed of man in still
water is 5*(15/3)=25km/hr
A man can row in still water at x km/h. In a
stream flowing at y km/h, if it takes him t
hours to row to a place and come back, then
the distance between two places is given by:
t(x^2-y^2)/(2*x)
Eg: A man can row in still water at 9 km/hr
and it takes him 3 hours to row to a place and
come back and the speed of the current is 3
km/hr, find the total distance ?
Solution: Required distance=
3*(92-32)/(2*9)=12 km
A man can row in still water at x km/h. In a
stream flowing at y km/h, if he rows the same
distance up and down the stream, then his
average speed is given by:
(x^2-y^2)/x
Eg: Speed of boat in still water is 9 km/h and
speed of stream is 2 km/h. The boat rows to a
place which is 47 km away and comes back in
the same path. Find the average speed of boat
during whole journey.
Solution:(x^2-y^2)/x = (92-22)/9 = 8.55 km/hr
A man can row in still water at x km/h. In a
stream flowing at y km/h, if it takes t hours more
in upstream than to go downstream for the same
distance, then the distance is given by:
t(x^2-y^2)/2y
Eg: A man can row 4 km/h in still water. The
water is running at 2 km/h. He travels to a certain
distance and comes back. It takes him 2 hours
more while traveling against the stream than
traveling with the stream. What is the distance?
Solution: Lets say x = 4 km/h = mans speed in
still water, y = 2 km/h = waters speed, t = 2, so
required distance=2(4^2-2^2)/(2*2)=6km

Without stoppages, a train can travel a certain
distance at xkm/hr and with stoppages it covers
the same distance with a speed of y km/hr.
Therefore the train stops after an interval of:
(Difference of speed/Faster speed)* hour
Eg: Without stoppages, a train travels certain
distance with an average speed of 80 km/h, and
with stoppages, it covers the same distance with
an average speed of 60 km/h. How many min per
hour the train stops?
Solution: stoppages time/hour =change in speed
/Faster speed *hour =( 80-60)/80 hour =1/4 hour
=15 minutes.