Written by
Shraddha Sheth
Neel Shah
o Creating Windows
o Creating a Window
o Components and Containers
o Basics of Components
o Using Containers
o Containers Layout Managers
o Adding a Menu to a Window
o Applets
JFC – JavaTM Foundation Classes
Encompass a group of features for constructing
graphical user interfaces (GUI).
Implemented without any native code.
“Swing” is the codename of the project that
developed the first JFC components (JFC 1.11).
The name “Swing” is frequently used to refer to
new components and related API.
JFC includes:
The Swing Components
Dialog, Tabbed pane, Buttons, File Chooser, ...
Pluggable Look and Feel
Accessibility API
Screen readers, Braille displays, ...
Java 2DTM API (Java 2 Platform only)
Drag and Drop (Java 2 Platform only)
Between Java applications and native applications.
Each picture shows the same program
but with a different look and feel
javax.swing.plaf.metal.MetalLookAnd
Feel
javax.swing.plaf.motif.MotifLookAndF
eel
Javax.swing.plaf.windows.WindowsLo
okAndFeel
import javax.swing.UIManager;
static setLookAndFeel() method that is defined in the
UIManager class.
This method can throw an exception of
ClassNotFoundException if the look-and-feel class
cannot be found,
For example:
try {
UIManager.setLookAndFeel(“com.sun.java.swing.plaf.mot
if.MotifLookAndFeel”);
} catch(Exception e) {
System.err.println(“Look and feel not set.”);
}
UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[]
looks =
UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();
for( UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo look : looks)
System.out.println(look.getClassName());
Java Default Look And Feel
UIManager.setLookAndFeel
( UIManager.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeel(
));
Swing provides many standard GUI components
such as buttons, lists, menus, and text areas, which
you combine to create your program's GUI.
Swing provides containers such as a window.
top level: frames, dialogs
intermediate level: panel, scroll pane, tabbed pane, ...
View Components
Descendents of the java.awt.Container class
Components that can contain other components.
Use a layout manager to position and size the
components contained in them.
Components are added to a container using one
of the various forms of its add method
Depending on which layout manager is used by the
container
panel.add(component);
Every program that presents a Swing GUI
contains at least one top-level container.
A Top level container provides the support
that Swing components need to perform their
painting and event-handling.
Swing provides four top-level containers:
JFrame (Main window)
JDialog (Base For Dialogs)
JApplet (An applet display area within a browser
window)
JWindow (Secondary Display Devices)
To appear on screen, every GUI component must
be part of a containment hierarchy, with a top-
level container as its root.
Each top-level container has a content pane that
contains visible components in that top-level
container’s GUI.
A top-level container can not contain another
top level container.
A frame implemented as an instance of the
JFrame class, is a window that has decorations
such as a border, a title and buttons for
closing and iconifying the window.
Applications with a GUI typically use at least
one frame.
import javax.swing.*;
public class HelloWorldSwing {
public static void main(String[] args) {
JFrame frame = new JFrame("HelloWorldSwing");
final JLabel label = new JLabel("Hello World");
frame.getContentPane().add(label); // 1.4
// OR USE THIS frame.add(label); JDK 5
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
}
}
Position (x,y)
Name .setName() .getName();
Size
Foreground And Background Color
Font
Cursor
State (setEnabled ([True/False])) isEnable()
Visible (setVisible([True/False])) isVisible()
Valid isValid()
Position is defined by x and y coordinates of type int,
or by an object of type java.awt.Point.
Size is defined by width and height, also values of
type int, or by an object of type
java.awt.Dimension.
A Rectangle specifies an area in a coordinate space
that is enclosed by the Rectangle object's upper-left
point (x,y) in the coordinate space, its width, and its
height.
The decorations on a frame are platform
dependent.
A JApplet object has the same arrangement of
panes as a JFrame object.
Window class and its subclasses, as objects of
type Window (or of a subclass type) can’t be
contained in another container.
