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Introduction to Computer Networks

Computer networks connect two or more computers together to share resources and information. Networks can be LANs covering a small area like a building, MANs covering a city, or WANs covering large geographic areas like countries. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh. Key network components include physical media to transmit data, interconnecting devices like switches and routers, client computers accessing services, networking software, and applications like email, websites, and video conferencing that users interact with.

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3K views14 pages

Introduction to Computer Networks

Computer networks connect two or more computers together to share resources and information. Networks can be LANs covering a small area like a building, MANs covering a city, or WANs covering large geographic areas like countries. Common network topologies include bus, star, ring, and mesh. Key network components include physical media to transmit data, interconnecting devices like switches and routers, client computers accessing services, networking software, and applications like email, websites, and video conferencing that users interact with.

Uploaded by

ankit_coolhead
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Computer Networks: Provides an overview of computer networks and their significance in connecting autonomous computers.
  • Computer Networks: Describes the fundamental concept of computer networks and how they connect multiple computers.
  • LAN, MAN & WAN: Explains the differences between LAN, MAN, and WAN based on the geographical area they cover.
  • Applications of Networks: Outlines various applications of networks such as resource sharing, information sharing, and communication.
  • Network Topology: Introduces the concept of network topology and its importance in the layout of network devices.
  • Network Components: Identifies essential network components including physical media, devices, computers, and software.

Introduction to Computer Networks

INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER NETWORKS
Introduction to Computer Networks

Computer Networks
Computer network
connects two or more
autonomous computers.

The computers can be


geographically located
anywhere.
Introduction to Computer Networks

LAN, MAN & WAN


Network in small geographical Area (Room, Building
or a Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)

Network in a City is call MAN (Metropolitan Area


Network)

Network spread geographically (Country or across


Globe) is called WAN (Wide Area Network)
Introduction to Computer Networks

Applications of Networks
Resource Sharing
Hardware (computing resources, disks, printers)
Software (application software)
Information Sharing
Easy accessibility from anywhere (files, databases)
Search Capability (WWW)
Communication
Email
Message broadcast
Remote computing
Distributed processing (GRID Computing)
Introduction to Computer Networks

Network Topology
The network topology
defines the way in
which computers,
printers, and other
devices are connected.
A network topology
describes the layout of
the wire and devices as
well as the paths used
by data transmissions.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Bus Topology
Commonly referred to
as a linear bus, all the
devices on a bus
topology are connected
by one single cable.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Star & Tree Topology


The star topology is the most
commonly used architecture in
Ethernet LANs.
When installed, the star
topology resembles spokes in
a bicycle wheel.
Larger networks use the
extended star topology also
called tree topology. When
used with network devices that
filter frames or packets, like
bridges, switches, and routers,
this topology significantly
reduces the traffic on the wires
by sending packets only to the
wires of the destination host.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Ring Topology
A frame travels around the ring,
stopping at each node. If a node
wants to transmit data, it adds the
data as well as the destination
address to the frame.
The frame then continues around
the ring until it finds the
destination node, which takes the
data out of the frame.
Single ring – All the devices on
the network share a single cable
Dual ring – The dual ring topology
allows data to be sent in both
directions.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Mesh Topology
The mesh topology
connects all devices
(nodes) to each other
for redundancy and
fault tolerance.
It is used in WANs to
interconnect LANs and
for mission critical
networks like those
used by banks and
financial institutions.
Implementing the mesh
topology is expensive
and difficult.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Network Components
Physical Media
Interconnecting Devices
Computers
Networking Software
Applications
Introduction to Computer Networks

Networking Media
Networking media can
be defined simply as
the means by which
signals (data) are sent
from one computer to
another (either by cable
or wireless means).
Introduction to Computer Networks

Networking Devices
HUB, Switches, Routers,
Wireless Access Points,
Modems etc.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Computers: Clients and Servers


In a client/server
network arrangement,
network services are
located in a dedicated
computer whose only
function is to respond
to the requests of
clients.

The server contains the


file, print, application,
security, and other
services in a central
computer that is
continuously available
to respond to client
requests.
Introduction to Computer Networks

Applications
E-mail
Searchable Data (Web Sites)
E-Commerce
News Groups
Internet Telephony (VoIP)
Video Conferencing
Chat Groups
Instant Messengers
Internet Radio

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER NETWORKS Introduction to Computer Networks
Computer Networks Computer network connects two or more autonomous computers. The computers can be geographically lo
LAN, MAN & WAN Introduction to Computer Networks Network in small geographical Area (Room, Building or a Campus) is call
Applications of Networks Introduction to Computer Networks Resource Sharing Hardware (computing resources, disks, printer
Network Topology The network topology defines the way in which computers, printers, and other devices are conne
Bus Topology Commonly referred to as a linear bus, all the devices on a bus topology are connected by one single c
Star & Tree Topology Introduction to Computer Networks The star topology is the most commonly used architecture in Ethe
Ring Topology Introduction to Computer Networks A frame travels around the ring, stopping at each node. If a node wants
Mesh Topology The mesh topology connects all devices (nodes) to each other for redundancy and fault tolerance.
Network Components Introduction to Computer Networks Physical Media Interconnecting Devices Computers Networking Software

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