[go: up one dir, main page]

0% found this document useful (0 votes)
355 views24 pages

Ergonomics: Enhancing Work Systems

The document discusses the definition, interaction, and technology of ergonomics. It defines ergonomics as the application of human sciences to optimize the relationship between humans and their work environment. It describes how humans interact within systems that involve machines, tools, equipment and the environment. It outlines different types of ergonomic technologies including human-machine interfaces, environmental/human interfaces, cognitive/human-software interfaces, and macro/human-organizational interfaces. The goals of ergonomics are to maximize human work efficiency, health, safety, comfort and productivity. Methods to achieve these goals include evaluating and controlling workplace risks.
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
355 views24 pages

Ergonomics: Enhancing Work Systems

The document discusses the definition, interaction, and technology of ergonomics. It defines ergonomics as the application of human sciences to optimize the relationship between humans and their work environment. It describes how humans interact within systems that involve machines, tools, equipment and the environment. It outlines different types of ergonomic technologies including human-machine interfaces, environmental/human interfaces, cognitive/human-software interfaces, and macro/human-organizational interfaces. The goals of ergonomics are to maximize human work efficiency, health, safety, comfort and productivity. Methods to achieve these goals include evaluating and controlling workplace risks.
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

ERGONOMI MAKRO

Nilda Tri Putri, Ph.D


Program Pasca Sarjana Teknik Industri Universitas Andalas

DEFINITION OF ERGONOMICS
ILO : The application of the human biological sciences in conjuction with the engineering sciences to achieve the optimum mutual adjustment of man/ woman and his/ her work, the benefits being measured in term of human efficiency and well-being.
2

DEFINITION OF ERGONOMICS
IEA (International Ergonomics Assosiation) The study of anatomical, physiological, and psycological aspect of human in working environment. It is concerned with the efficiency, health, safety and comfort of the people at work at home and at play. This generally requires the study of system in which humans, machines, and environment interact, with the aim of fitting to the humans.

INTERAKSI MANUSIA MESIN - LINGKUNGAN

Penerimaan Informasi
IN TER FA CE

DISPLAYS

Pemrosesan Informasi

Peralatan internal

Respon Motorik untuk Mengaktifkan alat kontrol

Controls

Lingkungan
4

INTERACTION OF MAN - MACHINE - ENVIRONMENT Human Human Machine Machine Environment Environment > > > > > > Machine Environment Human Environment Human Machine

INTERERACTION OF MAN MACHINE - ENVIRONMENT

- Berfokus pada manusia - Tidak terlepas dari sistem sekitar manusia - Menekankan kepada peningkatan Sistem Kerja.

INTRODUCTION TO ERGONOMIC

ERGOSYSTEM : A & B : SIMPLE WORK SYSTEMS A : HUMAN ALONE IN AN ENVIRONMENT B : ONE MACHINE IS ADDED C & D : COMPLEX WORKSYSTEMS C : HUMAN INTERACTS WITH GENERAL MACHINES D : SEVERAL HUMANS USE ONE MACHINE E: LOCAL ENVIRONMENT M: MACHINE COMPONENT H: HUMAN COMPONENT

e H

e H M

(A) SIMPLE ERGOSYSTEMS (B)


M H M M M H

M H

(C) COMPLEX ERGOSYSTEMS (D)


7

ERGONOMIC MODEL
ENVIRONMENTAL

- WORKPLACE
- ORGANISATIONAL

USER TASK OR JOB

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

TEKNOLOGI ERGONOMI
Bukan saja dalam hal keilmuan, profesi, tetapi ergonomi juga mempunyai keunikan dalam hal teknologi. Sebagai suatu ilmu, ergonomi memfokuskan kepada pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan tentang : human performance capabilities, limitation, dan karakteristik manusia lainnya yang berkaitan dengan disain dari suatu interface antara manusia dan komponenkomponen sistem lainnya. Sebagai suatu practices, ergonomi menyangkut hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan penerapan dari human system interface technology untuk menganalisis, disain, evaluasi dari suatu sistem.
9

1.

2.

Ergonomics
As a Practice

As a Science Knowledge about :


1.

Aplication of:
1. 2.

2. 3.

Human performance Capabilities Human Limitation Human Characteristic

3.
4.

Human Machine Interface Technology Human-Environment I-T Human-Sofware I-T Human-Organization I-T

Analysis

Design

Evaluation

10

Untuk saat ini terdapat 5 komponen tentang teknologi ergonomi, yaitu : 1. Human-machine interface technology (hardware ergonomics) 2. Human-environment interface technology (enviromental technology) 3. Human-job interface technology (work design ergonomics). 4. Human-software interface technology (Cognitive Ergonomi) 5. Human-Organisation interface technology (Macro Ergonomics)
11

HARD WARE ERGONOMICS / HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY

Teknologi ini menitik beratkan pada : Fisik manusia Karakteristik perseptual manusia Aplikasi ilmu untuk analisa, disain, evaluasi dari control, display, workspace arrangements

Sampai saat ini, dan mungkin untuk masa yang akan datang teknologi ini masih merupakan aspek terbesar dalam profesi ergonomi.
12

PHYSICAL ERGONOMICS:

Deals with the human bodys responses to physical and physiological loads. Relevant topics:
Manual materials handling Workstation layout Job demands Risk factors such as repetition, vibration, etc.

B. ENVIROMENTAL ERGONOMICS/ HUMAN ENVIROMENT INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY

Teknologi ini menitik beratkan pada : Kemampuan Keterbatasan manusia dengan berbagai kondisi lingkungan (Seperti : pencahayaan, panas, bising, vibrasi, dll). Penerapannya digunakan untuk mendisain lingkungan manusia, termasuk : comfort, health, dan safety. 14

C. COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS/ HUMAN SOFTWARE INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY

Teknologi ini menitik beratkan pada : bagaimana manusia memberikan konsep dan mengolah suatu informasi.
Penerapannya digunakan untuk mendisain dan memodifikasi suatu software system untuk lebih meningkatkan kegunaannya.

15

COGNITIVE ERGONOMICS:

Also known as engineering psychology concerns mental processes such as perception, attention, cognition, motor control, and memory storage and retrieval as they affect interactions. Relevant topics: Mental workload Decision-making Human-computer interaction training

Work Design Ergonomics


It concerns the design of jobs to ensure proper workload and characteristics. Relevant topics: human resources planing (recruitment, selection, human resources development ex: training and education).

17

D. MACROERGONOMICS/ HUMAN ORGANIZATIONAL INTERFACE TECHNOLOGY

Teknologi ini menitik beratkan pada : Operator individual Team operator atau sub sistem
18

ORGANIZATIONAL ERGONOMICS:
Also known as macroergonomics is concerned with the optimization of sociotechnical systems, including their organizational structures, policies and processes. Relevant topics:
Shift work Scheduling Job satisfaction Supervision Teamwork

Macro Ergonomics: Macro Ergonomics: Fitting Organization Jobthe Design, To Job Content, The MAN Organization, Culture Micro Micro Ergonomics: ergonomics: Environment, Fitting the task Physical, To Cognition The MAN

Macroergonomics
Macroergonomics: larger subsystems within organization, e.g., personnel/social, tech, connections between subsystems Ergonomi makro merupakan suatu pendekatan sistem sosioteknik secara top-down yang diterapkan pada perancangan sistem kerja secara keseluruhan pada berbagai level interaksi ergonomi mikro seperti humanjob, human-machine, dan human-software interface[I]. Ergonomi makro juga dapat dipandang sebagai suatu subdisiplin, ilmu empiris, metodologi dan sebuah perspektif.

Dimulai dari penelitian mengenai sistem sosioteknik sampai penelitian modern di Laboratorium mengenai teknologi, personil, desain organisasi dan variabel lingkungan serta bagaimana interaksi didalamnya. Guna melengkapi ilmu empiris, muncul metodologi untuk menganalisa dan mendesain sistem kerja, seperti struktur sistem kerja dan analisa sosioteknik terhadap desain proses sistem kerja. Bagi para ergonomist, ergonomi makro merupakan perspektif untuk melihat sistem dalam skala yang lebih besar agar investasi dari ergonomi mikro lebih berhasil.

22

TUJUAN

Memaksimalkan efisiensi kerja manusia Meningkatkan status kesehatan dan keselamatan kerja Memberikan kenyamanan dan daya tarik Memaksimalkan kepercayaan untuk mencapai peningkatan produktivitas.

23

Methods of achieving the goals


Evaluation and control of work site risk factors Identification and quantification of existing work site risk conditions Recommendation of engineering and administrative controls to reduce the identified risk conditions Education of management and workers to risk conditions.

You might also like