FORMWORK
Larsen and toubro limited
Presentation by:
Rachna Rajput
(1030227)
08/28/09 1
LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED
ECC DIVISION
LUDHIANA CITY CENTRE
CONSTRUCTION OF RCC BASEMENT STRUCTURE
08/28/09 2
By : A.K. Mishra
THE CLIENT: TODAYHOMES AND
INFRASTRUCTURE
JOINT VENTURE WITH
LUDHIANA
IMPROVEMENT TRUST
ARCHITECT: CP KUKREJA AND
ASSOCIATES
CONTRACTOR : LARSEN AND TOUBRO
LIMITED
08/28/09 3
LUDHIANA CITY
CENTRE
LOCATED IN HEART OF LUDHIANA
BUILT ON 25 ACRES OF LAND
4 SIDE OPEN PLOT
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF CAR PARKS UNDER
ONE ROOF
ONLY DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA WITH 5 STAR
HOTEL,SHOPPING MALL,IT/OFFICE
SPACE,HEALTH CARE,LIBRARY,MUESEAM
UNDER 1 ROOF
BIGGEST ATRIUM:2 LAKH SQUARE FEET
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LUDHIANA CITY CENTRE
CONSTRUCTION OF RCC BASEMENT
STRUCTURE
Project Highlights
JOB VALUE : 12400 lacs
DATE OF LOI: [Link]
DATE OF COMMENCEMENT: [Link]
DATE OF COMPLETION: [Link]
DURATION OF
PROJECT : 12 months
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THE WORK
FORMWORK PLANNING AND
DESIGN OF ITS VARIOUS
COMPONENTS
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WHAT IS
FORMWORK?
FORMWORK IS A MOULD USED TO SHAPE
CONCRETE UNTIL IT ATTAINS SUFFICIENT
STRENGTH TO CARRY ITS OWN WEIGHT
CAN BE ASSEMBLED BY UNSKILLED
LABOUR
CONSTITUTES 30% OF THE COST AND 60%
OF THE TIME IN CONCRETE
CONSTRUCTION
GOOD FORMWORK RESULTS IN
08/28/09 SPEED,QUALITY,ECONOMY AND SAFETY 7
TRADITIONAL
APPROACH
BALLIES USED AS SUPPORT FOR
SHUTTERING
UNSAFE AND UNRELIABLE
LOW REUSE VALUE
DOES NOT PRODUCE GOOD QUALITY
CONCRETE
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CHOICE OF RIGHT TYPE
OF FORMWORK
FORMWORK SHOULD BE ABLE TO BE
DESHUTTERED AND DISMANTLED FAST
SAFETY TO BE IMPROVED BY SITE
PERSONNEL
OVERALL COST SAVINGS
GOOD SURFACE FINISH TO BE ACHIEVED
OPTIMUM STOCK OF FORMWORK FOR SIZE
OF WORKFORCE AND SPECIFIED TIME
SCHEDULE
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SYSTEM
FORMWORK-L&T
EARLIER CALLED DOKA
FORMWORK
INVERSIBLE
FAST ERECTION
MORE STABLE
SAFE IN USE
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FORMWORK
STEP1.) PLANNING
CONFIRMING HQ ON THE NEW JOBS BAGGED
IDENTIFYING TIME AND MATERIALS FOR
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
STEP2.)
FINALIZING FORMWORK MATERIALS
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PROJECT
COLLATE THE REPORTS FROM RUNNING SITES
AND CHECK SEPARABILITY FROM OTHER SITES
WITHIN THE REGION
SENDING REQUEST FOR TRANSFER OF
RESOURCES IF AVAILIBILIY IS CONFIRMED
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CONTD….
RECEIVING NEW TARGETS ON
PRODUCTIVITY FROM HQ
COMPARING THE RUNNING
LMP COST FROM THE ACTUAL
IDENTIFYING TRAINING NEEDS
OF STAFF
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COMPONENT DETAILING
FOUNDATION FORMWORK
HDT TOWER
SLAB/BEAM FORMWORK
WALL/COLUMN FORMWORK
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FOUNDATION
FORMWORK
STEEL PANELS OF STANDERED SIZES
MINIMIZE MAKING AT SITE
USE OF VERSATILE COMPONENTS LIKE
STEEL WALERS(2 ISMC BACK 2BACK) AND
ALIGNMENT PROPS
EASY ASSEMBLY WITH DIMENSIONAL
ACCURACY
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FOUNDATION
FORMWORK MATERIAL
CONTD.
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CONTD…
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CONTD….
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AFTER ERECTION
Steel panel
Pipe waler
clamp
Pipe waler
Alignment
prop
welar
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HDT TOWER
BASIC FRAME
HORIZONTAL BRACE
DIAGNOL BRACE
TAKES LOAD OF 250KN
HIEGHT ADJUSTMENTS UPTO 800MM
POSSIBLE
TRANSPORT DEVICES CAN BE ATTATCHED
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COMPONENT
DETAILING
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CONTD….
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AFTER ERECTION
Coupler and
spring lock pin
Foot plate
Tower
spindle
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WALL/COLUMN
FORMWORK
SHOP MADE SHUTTER
ACCORDING TO THE HIEGHT OF WALL OR
COLUMN SPLICING CAN BE DONE
ISMC WALERS ARE USED FOR BEARING
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COMPONENT
DETAILING
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CONTD….
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CONTD……
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COLUMN FORMWORK
WORKING AT 4.8M
HIEGHT
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COLUMN FORMWORK
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WALL FORMWORK 1.8M
HIEGHT
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SLAB/BEAM
FORMWORK
SHEATHING MEMBER
H-BEAM(SECONDARY MEMBER)
WELAR(PRIMARY MEMBER)
HDT TOWER
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AFTER
ERECTION
Sheathing
H-beam
welar
tower
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DESIGN OF
FORMWORK
FORMWORK MUST SUPPORT ALL THE
VERTICAL AND LATERAL LOADS
ALL LOADS ARE ASSUMED TO BE
UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED
BEAMS SUPPORTED OVER 3 OR MORE
SPANS ARE TAKEN AS CONTINUOUS
APPROXIMATE FORMULAE ARE USED
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AN IMPORTANT
POINT
SHEATHING SPAN DECIDES H-BEAM SPACING
H-BEAM SPAN DECIDES WALER SPACING
WELAR SPAN DECIDES TOWER SPACING
“SPAN” HERE MEANS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN
TWO REACTION POINTS
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DESIGN PROCEDURE
EXAMPLE
LOADS TO BE TAKEN
DEAD LOAD(1)
(THICKNESS OF MEMBER*DENSITY OF
CONCRETE)
LIVE LOAD(2)
SELF WEIGHT(3)
DESIGN LOAD,W=(1)+(2)+(3)
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DESIGN PROCEDURE
CHECKS TO BE APPLIED
BENDING MOMENT CONDITION
SHEAR FORCE CONDITION
DEFLECTION CONDITION
THE MINIMUM OF ALL 3 SPANS IS
TAKEN AS SPAN FOR THE MEMBER
ACCORDING TO HEIGHT OF WALL OR
COLUMN THE REQUIRED LENGTH OF
H-BEAM(AN I SECTION )
HIGH STRENGTH TIE SYSTEM BEAR
LARGE CONCRETE PRESSURE
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DESIGN PROCEDURE
CONTD….
DESIGN DONE FROM TOP TO BOTTOM
1. SHEATHING MEMBER
2.H-BEAM(SECONDARY MEMBER)
[Link](PRIMARY MEMBER)
HDT TOWER
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SELF WEIGHT OF CONCRETE WITH
REINFORCEMENT=25KN/M^3
SELF WEIGHT OF FORMWORK VARIES
BETWEEN 0.5KN/M^2 TO .75KN/M^2
MINIMUM LIVE LOAD =2.5KN/M^2
MINIMUM DESIGN LOAD=5.0 KN/SQM
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SHEATHING MEMBER:
END CONDITION ASSUMED TO BE A PROPPED
CANTILEVER
BM=W*L^2/8<=.2KNM/M
SHEAR=5*W*L/8<=6.16KN/M
DEFLECTION=W*L^4/(185*E*I)<=1.852*10^-3M
MINIMUM OF ABOVE THESE 3 SPANS IS TAKEN
AS SPACING BETWEEN H-BEAMS
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SECONDARY MEMBER(H BEAM):
END CONDITION IS ASSUMED TO BE SIMPLY
SUPPORTED
LOAD INTENSITY =DESIGN LOAD*SPAN OF
SHEATHING MEMBER
BM=W*L^2/8<=3KNM
SHEAR=W*L/2<=6KN
DEFLECTION=5*W*L^4/(384*E*I)
MINIMUM OF ALL 3 IS TAKEN AS SPAN FOR
H-BEAM
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WELAR (PRIMARY MEMBER)
SIMPLY SUPPORTED END CONDITION IS
ASSUMED
NOW WIDTH OF LOADING IS THE SPAN FOR
H-BEAM AND W=DESIGN LOAD*WIDTH OF
LOADING
BM=W*L^2/8<=12.67KNM/M
SHEAR=W*L/2<=103.4KN/M
DEFLECTION=5*W*L^4/(384*E*I)<=6.67*10^-3
MINIMUM OF THESE 3 IS TAKEN AS THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN 2 TOWERS
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DESIGN FOR
WALL/COLUMN
FORMWORK
CONCRETE EXERTS A FLUID PRESSURE Dh
ON THE FORMWORK
Pmax=
D[C1*R^.5-(C2*K*(H-C1*R^.5)^.5) OR
Dh
whichever is smaller
VALUE OF C1
FOR WALLS=1
FOR COLUMNS=1.5
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VALUE OF C2 DEPENDS ON CONSTITUENT
MATERIALS OF CONCRETE
D=WEIGHT DENSITY OF CONCRETE
H=VERTICAL FORM HIEGHT
h=VERTICAL POUR HIEGHT
K=TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT TAKEN AS
(36/T+16)^2
R=RATE OF RISE M/H
T=TEMPERATURE OF CONCRETE AT PLACING
(degree celsius)
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PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION DIAGRAM
Pmax/D
P max
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DESIGN OF WALER –
DESIGNED AS LATERALLY
UNSUPPORTED BEAM
SIGMAbc=.66*Fcb*Fy/(Fcb^n+Fy^n)^1/n
Fcb=ELASTIC CRITICAL STRESS(N/MM^2)
Fy= YIELD STRESS OF STEEL IN( N/MM^2)
N=FACTOR TAKEN AS 1.4
Fcb=K1*(X+K2*Y)*C2/C1
PERMISSIBLE SHEAR STRESS=0.4*Fy
PERMISSIBLE DEFLECTION=L(SPAN)/325
BENDING STRESS=M/Z
SHEAR STRESS=F/Aweb
08/28/09 46
STRIPPING TIME
FOR FORMWORK
VERTICAL FORMWORK TO COLUMN, WALL
AND BEAM :16-24HOURS
SOFFIT FORMWORK TO SLABS(PROPS TO BE
REFIXED AFTER REMOVAL OF FORMWOK) :3DAYS
SOFFIT FORMWORK TO BEAMS :7DAYS
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SAFETY IN
FORMWORK
BEFORE ERECTION OF STEEL FRAME
STAGING THOROUGH INSPECTION
DIAGNOL BRACES SHOULD BE IN PROPER
POSITION
ALL CONNECTING DEVICES SHOULD BE IN
PLACE
BRACING SHOULD BE PROVIDED IF TOWER
HEIGHT INCREASES 6M
AT HIEGHTS SAFETY BELTS SHOULD BE
USED BY WORKMEN
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Ladder Safety
Follow the 4:1 rule when using extension ladders
6 m (20 ft)
1.5 m (5 ft.)
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–Erect First Tower – Adjust and ensure the
top level is same. Connect all pin bracing
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Use of lifeline
above 2m
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LABOUR
PRODUCTIVITY
PRODUCTIVITY IS MAXIMUM OUTPUT FROM
MINIMUM INPUT
UNITS ARE SQM/MANDAY
WORKING OF 8 HRS=1MANDAY
PRODUCTIVITY=
SHUTTERING AREA ACHIEVED DURING THE
MONTH/MANDAYS
08/28/09 54
MATERIAL
PRODUCTIVITY
MATERIAL PRODUCTIVITY IS COMPARED
WITH STANDERED PRODUCTIVITY
STANDERED PRODUCTIVITY CALCULATED
ON THE BASIS OF SHUTTERING AREA
COMPLETED AND KG MONTH PER SQM
TOTAL REQUIRED KG=
SHUTTERING AREA *KG MONTH PER SQM
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ACTUAL PRODUCTIVITY IS
TAKEN AS AVERAGE STOCK
LEFT
PRODUCTIVITY IN %=
(ACTUALPRODUCTIVITY/STANDE
RED PRODUCTIVITY)*100
08/28/09 56
RATE ANALYSIS
ON THE BASIS OF NUMBER OF CARPENTER
KHALASI AND HELPER,NUMBER OF HOURS
OF WORK AND RATE/HR THE TOTAL AMOUNT
IS CALCULATED FOR SHIFTING ,FIXING AND
REMOVING
PRODUCTIVITY IN SQM/MANDAYS IS
CALCULATED
08/28/09 57
BATCHING OF
CONCRETE
PAN TYPE BATCHING PLANT
CAPACITY OF 60M^3/HR
WEIGHED BATCHING
MIXING
TRANSPORTATION
PLACING
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THANK YOU
08/28/09 59
