A Community Medicine Assignment
Social and Preventive Medicine
SPM
Infant and maternal mortality rate is one among the most prevalent health problems in INDIA
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
A Community Medicine Assignment
Social and Preventive Medicine
SPM
Infant and maternal mortality rate is one among the most prevalent health problems in INDIA
A Community Medicine Assignment
Social and Preventive Medicine
SPM
Infant and maternal mortality rate is one among the most prevalent health problems in INDIA
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
A Community Medicine Assignment
Social and Preventive Medicine
SPM
Infant and maternal mortality rate is one among the most prevalent health problems in INDIA
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 22
DEFINITION
Important indicator of the health status of a community and also the level of living of people Effectiveness of MCH services
Largest single age category of mortality Death in this group are due to particular set of diseases and conditions to which adult population is less exposed Affected rather quickly and directly by specific health programmes
Wikipedia.com
COUNTRY India 83 26 105
1990
2011 47 11 37
Sri Lanka Bangladesh
Pakistan Thailand Myanmar China Nepal
102 26 91 36 99
59 11 48 13 39
New zealand USA UK Japan World
9 9 8 5 64
5 6 4 2 37
The data shows there has been a steady decline in infant mortality all over the world World average of IMR for 2011 estimated at about 37 per 1000 live birth However, IMR varies from 5/1000 live birth in developed countries to 69/1000 live birth in sub saharan countries Although IMR declined significantly, the drop was greatest for developed countries and lowest for least developed countries
Variation between developed and developing countries in death among newborns due to differences in ANC Half of all pregnant women in least developed countries have no ANC 7out of 10 babies are born without help of trained birth attendant
Other major factors being malnutrition, high parity of mother, LBW baby and congenital anomalies
Overall decline in IMR is attributed to
Family planning Improved obstetric and perinatal care Improve in quality of life Better control of communicable diseases Advances in chemotherapy, antibiotics etc Better nutrition by emphasis on breast feeding
Dominant factor for decline in IMR in industrial countries was economic and social progress with medical services on secondary role In developing countries is mainly due to medical services
IMR in india- 46.05 in year 2012 IMR declines slowly from 130/1000 live birth in 1971 to 114 in 1980 and coming down to 47 in the year 2010
NEONATAL MORTALITY 1.LBW & prematurity 2. Birth injury and difficult labour 3. sepsis 4. Congenital anomalies 5. Haemolytic disease of new born 6. Condition of placenta and chord 7. Diarrhoeal diseases 8. ARI 9. Tetanus
BIOLOGICAL FACTORS ECONOMIC FACTORS CULTURAL AND SOCIAL FACTORS
Biological factors include
Birth weight Age of mother Birth order Birth spacing Multiple birth Family size High fertility
Socio
economic status
Breast feeding Religion and caste Early marriage Sex of child Quality of mothering Maternal education Quality of health care Broken Families Illegitimacy Brutal habits and customs Indigenous dai Bad environmental sanitation
Prenatal nutrition Risk of death begins to appear even before birth if the mother is malnourished Providing additional nutrition will increase the infants birth weight and decrease mortality
Prevention of infection By proper immunisation
Breast feeding Most effective method of lowering IMR which safeguard against GI and respiratory infection and PEM
Growth monitoring All infants should weighted periodically and their growth chart maintained This help to identify children at risk of malnutrition early
Family planning Family limitation and spacing of birth will lower infant mortality
Sanitation Exposure to infection through contaminated food and polluted water, flies and poor housing pose hazards will increase risk of infant death
Provision of primary health care
All those involved in maternity care should collaborate and work as a team Prenatal care must be improved with a view to detecting mothers with high risk factors and those with high risk must be hospitalized Special care baby units must be provided for all babies weighing less than 2000g Proper referral services
Socio economic development
Include spread of education, improvement of nutritional standards, provision of safe water and basic sanitation, improvement of housing conditions, growth of agriculture and industry, availability of commerce and communication
Educating women will decrease the infant mortality
