Peripheral Interfacing + Coding
Lets Learn How to do It in 8051 !!
Flow Chart for Designing an Embedded System
Step1
Logic Design
Step2
Interfacing
Step 3
Coding
Testing End Product
Step 4
Step5
What Interfacing Means?
The process of interconnecting two or more devices to each other in order to exchange data is called hardware interfacing Interfacing includes : The design of the interfacing circuit The type of medium used for data transfer (wired or wireless) The protocol on which the data transfer or communication is taking place (RS232, Bluetooth, TCP/IP)
LED Interfacing
About LED
Important Points:
LED has two leads: - Cathode - Anode. They are identified by the length of the lead. Cathode is of broader filament.
LED circuit concept
When a LED is connected to any circuit it usually takes 2 Volts (Red, Green) and a Blue or White LED takes 4 Volts. Since we have connected a 9 Volts battery we need a resistance to drop the voltage so that the LED wont burn out. Now in order to calculate the resistance between the LED & battery, we are going to use the Ohms Law: Consider the LED current is 10mA to 20mA we have: R = (Vs VL)/ I
LED circuit concept
LED interfacing circuit with 8051
Proteus Simulation
Coding
8051 Coding
// Program to blink a LED in Port 2.0 [1 bit operation] #include<reg51.h> void MSDelay(unsigned int a); sbit led = P2^0; void main() { while(1) { led=0; MSDelay(500); led=1; MSDelay(500); } } void MSDelay(unsigned int a) { unsigned int i, j; for(i=0; i<a; i++) for(j=0; j<1275; j++) {} } // Including header file // Defining Port 2.0 as Led port // Main function // infinite loop
// delay function
LCD Interfacing
About LCD
Pin no. Description
1
2 3 4
Ground
+5 Volts LCD contrast Instruction/Data input
5
6 7 to 14
Write/read signal
Enable signal D0 to D7 data bus lines
Basics of LCD
RS register select If RS=0, used to send commands such as clear display, cursor position etc. If RS=1, used to send data to the LCD. R/W read / write If R/W = 1, read from LCD If R/W = 0, write to LCD
E enable A 450 nano seconds high-to-low pulse is applied in order to send data.
LCD Address
For 16x2 LCD the address of the cursor positions are:
80 C0
81 C1
82 C2
83 C3
84 C4
85 C5
86 C6
to 8F to CF
All these addresses are in hexadecimal.
LCD Command Codes
HEX CODE COMMAND HEX CODE COMMAND
0x01
0x04 0x05 0x08
CLEAR LCD
SHIFT CURSOR LEFT SHIFT DISPLAY RIGHT DISPLAY OFF, CURSOR OFF
0x02
0x06 0x07 0x0A
RETURN HOME
SHIFT CURSOR RIGHT SHIFT DISPLAY LEFT DISPLAY OFF, CURSOR ON
0x0C
0x10 0x18 0x80 0x38
DISPLAY ON, CURSOR OFF
SHIFT CURSOR TO LEFT SHIFT DISPLAY TO LEFT FORCE CURSOR TO BEGINNING OF FIRST LINE 2 LINES & 5X7 MATRIX
0x0E
0x14 0x1C 0xC0
DISPLAY ON, CURSOR BLINKING
SHIFT CURSOR TO RIGHT SHIFT DISPLAY TO RIGHT FORCE CURSOR TO BEGINNING OF 2ND LINE
LCD Circuit diagram
Proteus Simulation
Coding
7 Segment Display Interfacing
About: Seven Segment Display
Connection: 7 Segment Display
Concept: 7 Segment Display
a/0 b/1
f/5
g/6
e/4
c/2
h/7
d/3
Truth Table: 7 Segment Display
OUTPUT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 h 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 g 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 f 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 e 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 d 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 c 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 b 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 a 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 HEX CODE C0 F9 A4 B0 99 92 82
7 8 9
1 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
0 0 0
F8 80 90
Truth Table: 7 Segment Display
#include<reg51.h> void MSDelay(unsigned int); void main() { P2 = 0xFE; //select digit 1 while (1) { P3 = 0xC0; MSDelay(100); P3 = 0xF9; P3 = 0xB0; MSDelay(100); P3 = 0x99; P3 = 0x82; MSDelay(100); P3 = 0xF8; P3 = 0x90; MSDelay(100); } } void MSDelay(unsigned int itime) { unsigned int i, j; for(i=0; i<itime; i++) for(j=0; j<1275; j++); }
MSDelay(100); MSDelay(100); MSDelay(100);
P3 = 0xA4; MSDelay(100); P3 = 0x92; MSDelay(100); P3 = 0x80; MSDelay(100);
DC Motor Interfacing
About: DC Motor
A DC motor is an electric motor that works on Direct current.
Video: DC Motor, What is it?
DC Motor Control: H-BRIDGE CONTROLLER
Making an H-Bridge using Switch
Proteus Simulation
DC Motor Control: H-BRIDGE CONTROLLER
Using H-BRIDGE IC (L293D) L293D is a Dual H-Bridge IC, It can drive 2 DC Motor
I/P 1 0
I/P 2 0
Rotation No Rotation
1
0 1
0
1 1
Forward
Reverse Break
DC Motor Control: Circuit Diagram
Coding Proteus Simulation
Buzzer Interfacing
About: Buzzer
Buzzer is used to give alert or to alarm about some conditions.
Buzzer: Circuit Diagram
Coding Proteus Simulation
IR Interfacing [IR Communication]
About : IR Transmitter & Reciever
PHOTODIODE OR PHOTOTRANSISTOR (RECIEVER) IR LED (TRANSMITTER)
Concept
Silicon photodiodes are semiconductor devices responsive to highenergy particles and photons. Photodiodes operate by absorption of photons or charged particles and generate a flow of current in an external circuit, proportional to the incident power. Photodiodes can be used to detect the presence or absence of minute quantities of light and can be calibrated for extremely accurate measurements.
LM 358 : Comparator IC
Internally frequency compensated for unity gain Large DC voltage gain : 100dB Wide power supply range : 3V~32V(or1.5V~16V) Input common-mode voltage range includes ground Large output voltage swing : 0V DC to VCC-1.5V DC Power drain suitable for battery operation
Variable Resistance
Working of IR Sensor
Coding
#include<reg51.h> sbit sensor = P3^0; sbit led = P2^1; void main() { sensor = 1; led = 0; while(1) { if(sensor == 1) led = 1; else led = 0; } }
RS 232 Interfacing [Serial COM]
Serial Communication
In serial communication the whole data unit, say a byte is transmitted one bit at a time
In serial transmission only one wire is used for data transfer. Its logic level changes according to bit being transmitted (0 or 1). But a serial communication need some way of synchronization.
Can you make out what data is coming?
Serial Communication | Contd..
If we add another line called the clock line to synchronize you then it will become very easy. You need to note down the value of data line only when you see the "clock line" high. Lets understand this with help of an animation. A Serial Line.(HIGH=RED & LOW=WHITE)
What is RS 232 Communication
In RS232 there are two data lines RX and TX. TX is the wire in which data is sent out to other device. RX is the line in which other device put the data it need to sent to the device.
Difference between UART & USART
In UART the "clock" line helps you in "synchronizing" the incoming data. In this way many serial busses like SPI and I2C works. But USART is different from UART [Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter. ] there is no clock line. In USART a start bit and stop bits are used to synchronize the incoming data.
About MAX 232
If The serial port in the computer works on 15V to +15V but the microcontroller works on +5V & 0V. So in order to communicate with the microcontroller one has to use a voltage level convertor.
In order to do this MAX232 manufactured by Maxim is used.
About DB9 Connector
q
Circuit: RS 232 Communication + ISP
n
8051
P3.1 Pin 11 P3.0 Pin 10
Coding Proteus Simulation
