This document discusses using the Laplace transform to analyze transient circuits. It begins by defining the Laplace transform and listing some of its key properties. It then derives the Laplace domain representations of basic circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. These representations model things like initial voltages or currents. The document concludes by explaining how to use these representations to transform a circuit into the Laplace domain and solve for voltages and currents using standard circuit analysis, allowing calculation of transient responses.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses using the Laplace transform to analyze transient circuits. It begins by defining the Laplace transform and listing some of its key properties. It then derives the Laplace domain representations of basic circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. These representations model things like initial voltages or currents. The document concludes by explaining how to use these representations to transform a circuit into the Laplace domain and solve for voltages and currents using standard circuit analysis, allowing calculation of transient responses.
This document discusses using the Laplace transform to analyze transient circuits. It begins by defining the Laplace transform and listing some of its key properties. It then derives the Laplace domain representations of basic circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. These representations model things like initial voltages or currents. The document concludes by explaining how to use these representations to transform a circuit into the Laplace domain and solve for voltages and currents using standard circuit analysis, allowing calculation of transient responses.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
This document discusses using the Laplace transform to analyze transient circuits. It begins by defining the Laplace transform and listing some of its key properties. It then derives the Laplace domain representations of basic circuit elements like resistors, capacitors, and inductors. These representations model things like initial voltages or currents. The document concludes by explaining how to use these representations to transform a circuit into the Laplace domain and solve for voltages and currents using standard circuit analysis, allowing calculation of transient responses.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 20
Laplace Transform Solutions of
Transient Circuits 1 CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT LEARNING OUTCOMES Laplace transform Properties of Laplace transform Laplace Circuit Element Models Application of Laplace transform in transient analysis CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Introduction In a circuit with energy storage elements, voltages and currents are the solutions to linear, constant coefficient differential equations Real engineers almost never solve the differential equations directly It is important to have a qualitative understanding of the solutions 3 CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT 4 Definition of Laplace Transform Definition of the unilateral (one-sided) Laplace transform
where s=o+je is the complex frequency, and f(t)=0 for t<0 The inverse Laplace transform requires a course in complex variable analysis ( ) | | ( ) ( ) }
= = 0 dt e t f s t f st L F CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT 5 Laplace Transform Pairs Most of the time we find Laplace transforms from tables like Table 1 rather than using the defining integral ](t) F(s) (t) 1 u(t) {a constant} s 1
e at
a s + 1
t 2 1 s
t e at
( ) 2 1 a s +
CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT 6 Some Laplace Transform Properties Property ](t) F(s) Scaling A ](t) A F(s) Linearity ] 1 (t) ] 2 (t) F 1 (s) F 2 (s) Time Scaling ](at) 0 1 > | . |
\ | a a s a F Time Shifting (delay) ](tt 0 ) u(tt 0 ) e st 0 F(s) t 0 >0 Frequency Shifting e at ](t) F(s+a) Time Domain Differentiation dt t f d ) (
s F(s) ](0) Frequency Domain Differentiation t ](t) ds s d ) ( F
Time Domain Integration } t d f 0 ) ( t t ) ( 1 s s F Convolution }
t d t f f 0 2 1 ) ( ) ( t t t F 1 (s) F 2 (s)
CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Laplace Circuit Solutions In this section we will use previously established techniques (e.g., KCL, KVL, nodal and loop analyses, superposition, source transformation, Thevenin) in the Laplace domain to analyze circuits The primary use of Laplace transforms here is the transient analysis of circuits 7 CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Laplace Circuit Element Models Here we develop s-domain models of circuit elements DC voltage and current sources basically remain unchanged except that we need to remember that a dc source is really a constant, which is transformed to a 1/s function in the Laplace domain 8 CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Resistor We start with a simple (and trivial) case, that of the resistor, R Begin with the time domain relation for the element v(t) = R i(t) Now Laplace transform the above expression V(s) = R I(s) Hence a resistor, R, in the time domain is simply that same resistor, R, in the s-domain 9 CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Capacitor Begin with the time domain relation for the element
Now Laplace transform the above expression I(s) = s C V(s) C v(0) Interpretation: a charged capacitor (a capacitor with non-zero initial conditions at t=0) is equivalent to an uncharged capacitor at t=0 in parallel with an impulsive current source with strength Cv(0) 10 dt v(t) d C i(t) = CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Capacitor (contd.) Rearranging the above expression for the capacitor
Interpretation: a charged capacitor can be replaced by an uncharged capacitor in series with a step- function voltage source whose height is v(0) Circuit representations of the Laplace transformation of the capacitor appear on the next page 11 s v(0) C s I(s) V(s) + = CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT s-Domain Model for C | | s v s I sC s V Cv s sCV v s sV C s I dt t dv C t i ) 0 ( ) ( 1 ) ( or ) 0 ( ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( capacitor, a For
+ = = = = Time domain s domain s domain CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Inductor Begin with the time domain relation for the element
Now Laplace transform the above expression V(s) = s L I(s) L i(0) Interpretation: an energized inductor (an inductor with non-zero initial conditions) is equivalent to an unenergized inductor at t=0 in series with an impulsive voltage source with strength Li(0) 13 dt i(t) d L v(t) = CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Inductor (contd.) Rearranging the above expression for the inductor
Interpretation: an energized inductor at t=0 is equivalent to an unenergized inductor at t=0 in parallel with a step-function current source with height i(0) Circuit representations of the Laplace transformation of the inductor appear on the next page 14 s i(0) L s V(s) I(s) + = CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT s-Domain Models for an inductor | | s i s V sL s I Li s sLI i s sI L s V dt t di L t v ) 0 ( ) ( 1 ) ( or ) 0 ( ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( inductor, an For
+ = = = = Time domain s domain s domain CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Circuit Element Models Steps in applying the Laplace transform: Transform the circuit from the time domain to the s domain Solve the circuit using circuit analysis technique (nodal/mesh analysis, source transformation, etc.) Take the inverse Laplace transform of the solution and thus obtain the solution in the time domain CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Summary s i s V sL s I Li s sLI s V ) 0 ( ) ( 1 ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) (
+ = = s v s I sC s V Cv s sCV s I ) 0 ( ) ( 1 ) ( ) 0 ( ) ( ) (
+ = = For inductor: For capacitor: CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Summary Element Z(s) Resistor R Inductor sL Capacitor 1/sC *Assuming zero initial conditions Impedance in the s domain Z(s)=V(s)/I(s) Admittance in the s domain Y(s)=1/Z(s)=V(s)/I(s) CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT Transient Analysis Sometimes we not only must Laplace transform the circuit, but we must also find the initial conditions Element DC Steady-State Capacitor I = 0; open circuit Inductor V = 0; short circuit 19 CE00436-1 ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLES LAPLACE TRANSFORM SOLUTION OF TRANSIENT CIRCUIT EEE 202 Any Q ?
