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 118
[i] [ii] [iii]
[i] 80 S (H) s, d, f


K LM

[i] 11 Na e
Na 2,8,1

[ii] 12 Mg 2e
Mg2 2,8,2

[iii] 13 Al 3e
Al3 2,8,3


[i]
[ii] Li, Na k

[iii]
[iv]

 Note:- 1 gm 2km
[v] (Ga) (Cs)

[vi] (Pb) (Hg)

 Note:- (Ag)
1.
.

 P H, C, N, O, F, P, S, Cl, Br, I.

(i) 17Cl  K L M
2 8 7

Cl 1e Cl
(ii) 8
O  K L M

O 2e O2

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
(i)
(ii)
(iii) (Br)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)


(i)


Note:
(i) 2Mg + O2 
 2MgO

2Cu O2 2CuO
(ii)


(i)
(ii)

(i) Na2O + H2O 

 2NaOH
(ii) K2O + H2O 
 2KOH
(iii) CaO + H2O 
 Ca(OH)2
1.
(i) Al2O3
(ii) ZnO

A l2 O 3 6H C l 2 A lC l 3 3H 2 O
(i)

Al2O3  2NaOH  2NaAlO2  H2 O

  

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2 (i) ZnO 2 HCl ZnCl2 H 2O

(ii) ZnO NaOH Na2 ZnO2 H 2O






[ ]



1.

(i) 2Na + 2H2O 

 2NaOH + H2 +
(ii) 2K + 2H2O  2KOH + H2 +
2.
Ca

Ca + 2H2 O 
 Ca(OH)2 + H2



1.

Mg  2H2 O 
 Mg(OH)2  H2



1. Al, Zn, fe

[i] 2Al  3H2O 

 Al2O3  3H2


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[ii] Zn  H2 O 
 Zno  H2


3fe 4H2 O fe3 O 4 4H2

[iii]

 Cu, Hg, Ag, Au H2




2 Mg, Al, Zn, fe

(i) Mg + 2HCl  MgCl2 + H2

(ii) 2Al + 6HCl 
 2AlCl3 + 3H2
(iii) Zn + 2HCl  ZnCl2 + H2
(iv) 2fe + 6HCl  2feCl3 + 3H2

Fe < zn < Al < Mg Mg H2

 (1) (HNO3) HNO3

(NO, NO2, NO3) (2) (Mg) (Mn)

Mg + 2HNO3 
 Mg(NO3)2 + H2
(3)
Note : Cu, Hg, Ag, Au


(1)

K L M
11Na 2 8 1
Na le
Na

(2)

K L M
11Cl 2 8 7

Cl le Cl
(3)

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x x
Na* x Cl x
x x xx

x x -
Na
+ x Cl x
x xx
x
1.
(i) Mgo (ii) CaCl2 (iii) Na2O
(i) 12Mg  K L M 8
0=KLM
2 8 2 26
6 2

x x 2
+2
Mg
2
xO x
x x xx

(ii) CaCl2
KLMN KLM
Ca  17Cl 
2 88 2 2 87

x x -2
Ca
+2
2
x Cl x
x x xx
2
(iii) Na2O 80 = K L M
11
Na = K L M 2 6
2 8 1

xx -2
Na +
xO x
2
x xx
x

[i]

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[ii]

[iii]

[iv]

[i] [ii] [iii]

[i]
[ii]

[i] [ii]

[iii]


1.


[i]
[ii]
[iii]


[i]

2 MS 3O2 2 MO 2 SO2 m metal ( )

[ii]

MCO3 MO CO2 m metal ( )

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

[i]
2MO + C 2M + CO2
[ii]
3MNO2 + 4Al 2Al2O3 + 3MN +
Note:
Fe2O3

Fe2O3 + 2Al Al2O3l + 2Fe +



Hg Hgs

[i]

[ii]

2Hgs 3O2
 2HgO 2SO2

[iii] Hg

2 H g O   2 H g  O 2


Zn, Fe, Pb

[i] ZnS
[ii] ZnCO3




2ZnS + 3O2 2ZnO+ 2SO2

ZnCO3 ZnO+ CO2

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

2ZnO C
 2Zn CO2

 K, Na, Ca, Mg,

Al

N a cl H 2O Na (aq ) Cl ( aq )

Na le Na

2Cl Cl 2 2e

 Cu, K, Ca, Al, Zn, Sn, Ni, Ag, Au, Cr

Note:

[i]

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4Fe + 6H2O + 3O2 2Fe2O3. 3H2O

[ii]

1 2
Ag S Ag 2S

[iii] Cu CO2 [Cu(OH)2]

[Cu(OH)2] CuCO3

0.05%

Cu + Sn
Cu + Zn
Fe + Ni + Cr
Pb + Sn

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Note:
[i]
[ii]

[iii] 24
Cu Ag
Q.
[i]
A. Hg
[ii]
A. Li, Na, K
[iii]
A. Ag Cu
[iv]
A. pb Hg
Q.

Q.
A.
[i]
[ii]

Q.
A. [i]
3Fe + 4H2O  Fe3O4 + 4H2

[ii]
Ca + 4H2O  Ca (OH)2+ H2
2k + 2H2O  2K (OH)+ H2
Q.
A. Au Ag
Q.
A.
Q.
A. Au,
Q. Na2O MgO
A.

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Q.
A. AgNO3
Q.
A.
Q.

A.
Q.
A.
Q.
A.

Q.
A.
[Al2O3], [ZnO]
Q.
A. Na Mg Au Ag

Q. M
A. M MSO4

Q.

[i]
A.
[ii]
A.
[iii]
A. S + O2  SO2
SO2 + H2O  H2SO3
Q.
A. [i]
[ii]

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Q.
A.
C + O2 = CO2
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3
Q.
[i]
A.

[ii]
A.

[iii]
A.

A. (Cu) (CO2) (CuCO3)

Q
A.

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