Mathematics 10

Lesson 2:
Arithmetic Sequence
and Series
Sir Well and Ms. Pearl
Opening Prayer
Learning Targets
• I can illustrate an arithmetic sequence.
• I can find the nth of an arithmetic sequence.
• I can find the arithmetic means.
• I can find the sum of the terms of a given arithmetic
sequence.
• I can solve problems involving arithmetic sequence and
series.
ENGAGE
To build up savings, many people develop the
habit of depositing a fixed amount of money
into their bank account each month. For
example, if you deposit Php1500 every month,
your account balance will increase by Php1500
each month. It would look something like this:
Php1500 in January, Php 3000 in February, Php
4500 in March, and so on. How much will you
have saved by the 8th month?
ENGAGE
First month January Php1500
Second month February Php 3000
Third month March Php 4500
Fourth month April Php 6000
Fifth month May Php 7500
Sixth month June Php 9000
Seventh month July Php 10500
Eighth month August Php 12000
ENGAGE
The problem of determining the amount saved by the 8th month can be
solved mathematically without needing to list every month and its
corresponding savings. Instead, we can simply apply our knowledge of
sequence.
Explain
Definition
An arithmetic sequence is a sequence in which the difference between any two
consecutive terms is the same. The constant difference is called the common
difference, and is denoted by d.
Arithmetic Sequence Common Difference (d)
3, 7, 11, 15, …

17, 12, 7, 2, …

2 1 2
1 , 2, 2 , 2
3 3 3
Arithmetic Sequence Formula
An explicit form is an explicit formula that designates 𝑎! as an expression
of n. In other words, it describes the terms of the sequence in terms of
natural numbers 1, 2, 3, 4, …
Explicit Formula: 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝟏 + (𝒏 − 𝟏)𝒅
where
𝑎! is the first term
𝑎" is the nth term
n is the number of terms
d is the common difference
Example 1
a. Find the correct explicit formula for the given sequence below.

n 1 2 3 4 5
𝑎" 10 15 20 25 30 …

b. Verify the explicit formula for the first four terms.

Recursive Formula: 𝒂𝒏 = 𝒂𝒏%𝟏 + 𝒅

where
𝑎! is the nth term
𝑎!%$ is the term before the nth term
d is the common difference
Example 3
Sequence: {5, 7, 9, 11, …}
(a). Find the common difference (d)
(b). Give the recursive formula
(c). Verify the formula for the first four terms
Example 4
Write the recursive formula for each arithmetic sequence.
(a). 12, 9, 6, 3,…
(b). 4, 15, 26, 37,…
Example 5
In the sequence 50, 45, 40, 35, …, which term is 5?
Example 6
The fourth term of an arithmetic sequence is 34 and the 10th term is 22. Find
a1, d, and the nth term.
Definition
In an arithmetic sequence, all the terms between any two terms are called the
arithmetic means of these two terms.
Example 7
Insert the two arithmetic means of the given arithmetic sequence
6,___,___,27.
Example 8
Insert five arithmetic means between -15 and 3.
Example 9
How many multiples of four are there between 5 and 125?
Example 10
Find all the unknown terms in the arithmetic sequence:
𝑎$, 𝑎' , 𝑎( , 𝑎), 28, 𝑎*, 𝑎+, 𝑎,, 48
Definition
The sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence forms an arithmetic series.
The sum of the first n terms of a sequence, called a partial sum, is denoted by
Sn.
The sum of n terms of an arithmetic sequence is given by:
!
𝑆! = ' (𝑎$ + 𝑎! ) if an is given
!
𝑆! = 2𝑎$ + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 if an is not given
'
Example 11
Find the sum of the first 12 terms of the arithmetic sequence 50, 47, 44, 41,
38, …
Example 12
Find the sum of all multiples of 3 between 1 and 100.
Example 13
Jude is offered ₱25,000 as starting salary for a job with a raise of ₱2,000 at
the end of each year. However, if she maintains outstanding performance for
5 consecutive years, she will be offered a salary of ₱32,000. Do you think
that the salary offer for consecutive outstanding performance is attractive
enough? Why or why not?
Example 14
A theater has 60 seats in the first row, 68 seats in the second row, 76 seats
in the third row, and so on in the same increasing pattern. If there are 20
rows in total, what is the total number of seats in the last three rows of the
theater? Give the correct explicit and recursive formula that will represent
the number of seats per row.
Example 15
A stock of soap boxes has 15 boxes in the bottom-most row, 13 boxes in the
second bottom-most row, 11 in the next row, and so on. How many boxes are
in the stack?
Example 16
Jemuel receives offer from two companies. Company A pays ₱200 000
yearly with raises of ₱18 000 a year. Company B pays ₱220 000 yearly with
raises of ₱15 000 a year. Which company pays the greater total amount in 8
years?
Evaluate
Individual Task
Solve the following problems. Answer what is being asked in each question. Show
your full solutions.
$
1.Write the first four terms of the sequence given the nth term 𝑎! = −3𝑛 + '.
2.Find the common difference of the sequence 6, 2, -2, -6, …
3. Find the nth term of the arithmetic sequence whose initial term is -8 and the
common difference is -3
Evaluate
Solve the following problems. Answer what is being asked in each question. Show
your full solutions.
$
1.Write the first four terms of the sequence given the nth term 𝑎! = −3𝑛 + '.
2.Find the common difference of the sequence 6, 2, -2, -6, …
3. Find the nth term of the arithmetic sequence whose initial term is -8 and the
common difference is -3
4. Find the first term, the common difference, and the nth term of the sequence
whose 7th term is -25 and -45 is the 12th term.
5. In the sequence 1, -2, -5, …, what term is -26?
6. Insert five arithmetic means between -4 and 8.
7. Find the sum of the first 150 counting numbers.
8. For financial consultation services, a company charges
₱2 000 for the first hour or any part thereof, plus ₱250 for each
additional 15 minutes. How much will you pay for a consultation that
lasts for 3½ hours?
9. A theater has 35 seats in the first row, 38 seats in the second row,
increasing by 3 seats per row for a total of 30 rows. How many seats are
there in the theater?
Questions?
Self Assessment
It's now time to evaluate yourself based on the knowledge and skills you have
learned in this lesson. Which light are you?
References
[1] Nivera, G., Lapinid M. (2018), Grade 10 Mathematics: Patterns and
Practicalities, Salesiana Books, Don Bosco Press Inc.
[2] Orines, F. (2023). Next Century Mathematics 10, 2nd Edition. Quezon City,
Philippines. Phoenix Publishing House. Inc
[3] Rosario,J., Eden, R., Eniego, A., & Lunda g, L. (2024).Our World of Math
10(2nd Edition).Quezon City : Vibal Group,Inc.