BULE HORA UNIVERSITY

College of Informatics
Information Technology Department

Chapter One
Network Design

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 Chapter One Outlines!
Applying a Methodology to Network Design:
The Cisco Service Oriented Network Architecture
Network Design Methodology
Identifying Customer Requirements
Characterizing the Existing Network and Sites
The Design Implementation Process

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What is Network Design?
Network design refers to the process of planning and creating a computer
network infrastructure that meets the requirements of an organization or a
specific project.
It involves determining the layout, components, and configuration of the
network to ensure efficient and effective communication between devices
and systems.
Network design is a complex process that requires a detailed
understanding of the organization's requirements, existing infrastructure,
and future needs.
It often involves collaboration between network engineers, system
administrators, and other stakeholders to ensure that the network design
aligns with the organization's goals.
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 Cisco Service Oriented Network Architecture
The Service Oriented Network Architecture describes how integrated systems
allow a dynamic, flexible architecture and provide for operational efficiency.
The Cisco Service-Oriented Network Architecture (SONA) is a network
design framework developed by Cisco Systems.
It provides a blueprint for designing and implementing network
infrastructures that can support the delivery of services in a flexible, scalable,
and secure manner.
SONA has three layers:
1. Networked Infrastructure layer
2. Interactive Services layer
3. Application layer 4
 Networked Infrastructure layer
Where all the IT resources are interconnected.

 Provides the fundamental physical and virtual resources needed for the
system to exist and communicate.

The IT resources include Servers, data centers, routers, switches, firewalls,

The objective of this layer is to provide connectivity, anywhere and

The Networked Infrastructure layer includes the network devices and links
to connect servers, storage, and clients in different places in the network.
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 Interactive Services layer
 It serves as the bridge between the underlying network infrastructure and the
applications used by end-users.

 This layer enables efficient allocation of resources to applications and

 This layer handles user input, displays information, and manages

 Example: A web form where users fill out their loan application, which sends
data to the backend service for processing.

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 Application layer
This top layer encompasses the software applications and services that end-
users directly engage with.
Implements the core functionality, business rules, data processing, and
decision-making of the system. It's where the "work" gets done based on the
requirements.
Rules, workflows, calculations, algorithms, and processes specific to the
application's purpose (e.g., calculating a loan, processing an order,
recommending a product).
Example: a service that processes loan applications, checks credit scores,
and approves or denies requests.
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 Network Design Methodology
The network design methodology is derived from the Cisco Prepare, Plan,
Design, Implement, Operate, and Optimize (PPDIOO) methodology, which
reflects a network’s lifecycle.
Design Methodology is a documented, systematic way of doing network
design.
It is a network lifecycle methodology developed by Cisco Systems that
provides a framework for designing, deploying, and maintaining network
infrastructures.
Each phase of the PPDIOO methodology represents a different stage in the
network lifecycle.

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PPDIOO Network Life Cycle

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 PPDIOO Network Life Cycle…
Prepare: In this phase, the network requirements and goals are identified,
and the project scope is defined.
It involves gathering information about the existing network infrastructure,
business requirements, and technological constraints.
Plan: The planning phase involves analyzing the gathered information.
This includes creating a logical design (topology, addressing, protocols) and a
physical design (equipment selection, cabling, power requirements).
Design: In the design phase, the network architecture and infrastructure are
finalized.
This includes creating detailed network diagrams, selecting network devices
and technologies, and planning for redundancy, security, and scalability. 10
 PPDIOO Network Life Cycle…
Implement: The implementation phase focuses on deploying the designed
network infrastructure.
It involves configuring network devices, installing physical components, and
integrating the network into the existing IT environment.
Operate: Once the network is implemented, the focus shifts to the operational
phase.
This includes ongoing network monitoring, troubleshooting, and maintenance
activities.
Optimize: Improve network performance, efficiency, and alignment with growing
needs.
It is about making the network better over time. 11
 Advantages of Design Methodology
It ensures that no step is missed when the process is followed.

It provides a framework for the design process outputs.

It encourages consistency in the creative process.

It allows customer and managers to validate whether the requirements are
met.

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 Steps of Design Methodology
Identify customer requirements
Characterize the existing network and sites
Design the network topology and solutions.
Implementation the design
Design implementation process:
Plan the implementation
Implement and verify the design
Monitor and optionally redesign

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 Identify customer requirements
Start by gathering information about the customer's business goals, network
requirements, and any specific needs or constraints.

Assessing the scope of a Network project.

When assessing the scope of a network design, consider the following:

Whether the design is for new network or is a modification of an existing

Whether the design is for an entire enterprise network, a subset of the network
or a single segment.

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 Identifying Required Information
The initialdesign requirements are typically extracted from the Request for
Proposal (REP) or Request for Information (RFI) documents that the
customer issues.
Then, the following steps are followed to identify customer requirements:

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Identifying Required Information…

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Characterizing the Existing Network and Sites

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 Designing Network Topology and Solution
 Designing the Network Topology and Solutions" typically covers the
principles, methodologies, and practical applications involved in creating
effective network infrastructures.
Common Network Topologies are: Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, Tree, and Hybrid.
Network Solutions:
Hardware Selection: Choosing appropriate routers, switches, and access
points.
Software and Protocols: Utilizing network operating systems and protocols
(e.g., TCP/IP, OSPF, BGP).
Security Solutions: Implementing firewalls, encryption, and intrusion
detection systems.

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 The Design Implementation Process
It involves, Plan the implementation, Implement and verify the design and
Monitor and optionally redesign.
The design is implemented and verified whether it has met requirements

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