MATH, SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Submitted by:
Peñafiel, Jhonalyn
Salcedo, Johann Josh
Señora, Laarnie Marie
BTLED HE-2
Submitted to:
Mrs. Baby Angeli Prepotente
Instructor
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Lesson 1: Interrelationships among components of the natural world;
ENVIRONMENTAL PRINCIPLES
1. Interdependence/Interrelatedness
- Living things are interdependent with one another and with the
environment.
2. Diversity and Stability
- It is believed that a diverse community is a stable community. The
more species is present, the more stable the community because
several species keep other species in check, preventing any species
from overpopulating the habitat.
3. Change
- Change is basic to nature. Ecosystem changes over time and space.
Any change in the community affects the different organisms within it.
Natural change like this is healthy but human–induced changes like
environmental disturbance wreak havoc in natural systems.
4. Balance in Nature
- Ecosystems are capable of self-maintenance and self-regulations. If
there were no predation, the populations of individuals would swell
and lead to overcrowding and severe competition for resources.
5. Finiteness of Resources
- Even the most abundant natural resources are in danger of being
depleted in the light of human overpopulation and overexploitation.
6. Pollution
- Pollution is the undesirable accumulation of substances resulting in
diminished quality and utility of resources.
7. Stewardship
- Christian doctrines posits nature and its resources are God's gift to
all and that, when God created the Earth.
8. Sustainability
- Actions that addresses the needs of the present without
compromising the needs of the future generations to meet their own
needs and are embodied in the concept of sustainable development.
ENVIRONMENT
- From the French word environer : to encircle or to surround.
- All the things around us with which we interact. (e.g. biotic, abiotic,
our built environment, and social relationship and institutions)
Biotic
- Biotic or living organisms are all the living or once-living components
within an ecosystem.
- Ex; Animals, Plants, Humans
Abiotic
- Abiotic refers to the non-living, physical, and chemical components of
an ecosystem that influence the growth and survival of living
organisms.
- Ex; Air, Water, Soil
Our Built Environment
- It refers to all the man-made surroundings, structures, and systems
that support human activity .
ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
Atmosphere
- The protective blanket of gases surrounding the Earth. It sustains life
on earth and saves it from the hostile environment of outer space due
to the sun's electromagnetic radiations.
Hydrosphere
- Comprises all types of water resources.
Lithosphere
- The outer mantle of the solid earth
Biosphere
- Indicates the realm of living organisms and their interactions with
environment.
TYPES OF ENVIRONMENT
Natural Environment
- It is the Earth's system of natural components and processes,
including the atmosphere, land, water, and all living organisms.
Man-made Environment
- A man-made environment, or artificial environment is a physical
space, landscape, or setting that has been created, built, or
significantly altered by humans to suit their needs and preferences.
ELEMENTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT
Physical Elements
- Are landforms , water bodies, climate soils, rocks and minerals. They
determine the variable character of the human habitat, its
opportunities as well as limitations.
Biological Elements
- Such as plants, animals, microorganisms and men constitute the
biosphere.
Cultural Elements
- Such as economic, social and political elements are essentially
man-made features, which make cultural milieu.
SCIENCE
- A systematic process for learning about the world and testing our
understanding of it.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
- Studies mainly the “interactions” of humans with the natural
environment.
- An interdisciplinary study of how earth works and has survive and
thrived, how humans interact with the environment, and how humans
can leave more sustainably.
Environmental Science is Interdisciplinary
- Environmental Science and the issues that it studies are complex and
interdisciplinary.
- Includes concepts and ideas from multiple fields of study.
- Decisions have impacts in all these fields of study.
● A community decides to use coal for electricity, as it is the cheapest
source available. (Economics)
● The coal must be mined from under the soil. (Geology)
● The coal must be transported to the population center by road or rail.
(Engineering)
● When it is burned at a power plant, air pollution is released. Some of
that pollution is converted to acid in the atmosphere. (Chemistry)
● This falls as acid rain somewhere downwind. (Meteorology)
● The acid stresses plants by affecting their nutrient absorption.
(Ecology)
● Laws are passed requiring the plant to install pollution scrubber.
(Politics)
ISSUES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
- Environmental problems, or environmental issues are the negative
impacts on the natural world caused by human activities or natural
events.
Resource Depletion
- The reduction of natural resources due to their consumption at a rate
faster than their natural replenishment or regeneration.
Natural Resources
- Materials from nature, like air, water, soil, minerals, and energy
sources, that humans use to meet their needs for survival and
development.
Renewable Resources
- Materials from nature, like air, water, soil, minerals, and energy
sources, that humans use to meet their needs for survival and
development.
Non Renewable Resources
- Is a natural resource that cannot be readily replaced by natural
means at a pace quick enough to keep up with consumption.
Environmental Issues
1. Growing Population
- A population of over thousands of millions is growing at 2.11 per cent
every year. Over 17 million people are added each year. It puts
considerable pressure on its natural resources and reduces the gains
of development.
2. Poverty
- The poverty and environmental degradation have a connection
between them. The vast majority of people are directly dependent on
the natural resources basic needs such as food, fuel shelter and
fodder.
3. Food Shortage and Famines
- Food shortages occur when there isn't enough food to feed a
population, while famines are extreme, widespread food shortages
that result in mass starvation and death.
4. Agricultural Growth
- The people must be acquainted with the methods to sustain and
increase agricultural growth by damaging the environment. High
yielding varieties have caused soil salinity and damage to physical
structure of soil.
5. Need to Ground Water
- It is essential of rationalizing the use of ground water. Ground Water
is a critical component of Earth's freshwater supply, stored in
underground layers of permeable rock or sediment called aquifers.
6. Development and Forests
- Forests serve catchment for the rivers. With increasing demand for
water, plans to harness the mighty river through large irrigation
projects were made. Certainly, these would submerged forests;
displace local people, damage flowers and animals.
7. Reorientation of Institutions
- The people should be roused to orient institutions, attitudes and
infrastructures, to suit conditions and needs today.
8. Degradation of Land
- Land degradation affects people and ecosystems throughout the
planet and is both affected by climate change and contributes to it.
9. Reduction of Genetic Diversity
- Proper measures to conserve genetic diversity need to be taken. At
present most wild genetic stocks have been disappearing from
nature. Remedial steps are to be taken to check decreasing genetic
diversity.
10. Evil Consequences of Urbanization
- Nearly 27 per cent Indians live in urban areas. Urbanization and
Industrialization has given birth to a great number of environmental
problems that need urgent attention.
11. Air and Water Population
- Majority of our industrial plants are using outdated and population
technologies and makeshift facilities devoid of any provision of
treating their wastes.
12. Water Shortage
- Water deficits and contamination of existing water supplies are
threatening the environment in the future for agricultural production
as well as domestic and industrial uses.
13. Depletion of Non-renewable Fossils Fuels
- Fossil fuels are rapidly depleting due to their overutilization by the
growing population along with growth in industrialization all over the
world. Their use is leading to air pollution and damage to the
environment.
14. Deforestation and Threats to Biodiversity
- Deforestation of tropical forests, coral reefs, wetlands and other
biologically rich landscapes is causing an alarming loss of species
and a reduction of biological variety and abundance that could
severely limit our future options.
15. Improper Disposal of Solid and Hazardous Wastes
- Mountains of solid and hazardous wastes are becoming an
overwhelming problem throughout the world. We produce millions of
tons of these hazardous materials annually and much of it is disposed
of in dangerous and irresponsible ways.
