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Assignment 3

The document explains conditional statements and looping statements in Python, highlighting their structures and usage. Conditional statements use 'if', 'elif', and 'else' to execute code based on conditions, while loops (for and while) repeat code blocks a specified number of times or until a condition is met. Key concepts include indentation, comparison operators, and the importance of exit conditions to avoid infinite loops.

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11 views2 pages

Assignment 3

The document explains conditional statements and looping statements in Python, highlighting their structures and usage. Conditional statements use 'if', 'elif', and 'else' to execute code based on conditions, while loops (for and while) repeat code blocks a specified number of times or until a condition is met. Key concepts include indentation, comparison operators, and the importance of exit conditions to avoid infinite loops.

Uploaded by

hisham2mon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as TXT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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onditional Statements in Python

Conditional statements allow your program to make decisions based on certain


conditions. They execute different blocks of code depending on whether a condition
is True or False. Python uses the if, elif (short for "else if"), and else keywords
for this.
Basic Structure

if: Checks a condition. If true, runs the indented code block.


elif: Checks another condition if the previous if or elif was false.
else: Runs if all previous conditions are false (optional).

Indentation (usually 4 spaces) defines the code block—Python is strict about this!
Example: Simple Age Checker
pythonage = int(input("Enter your age: "))

if age >= 18:


print("You are an adult!")
elif age >= 13:
print("You are a teenager!")
else:
print("You are a child!")

How it works: If you enter 20, it prints "You are an adult!". For 15, "You are a
teenager!". For 10, "You are a child!".
Key Notes:

Conditions use comparison operators: == (equal), != (not equal), >, <, >=, <=.
You can chain multiple elif for more options.
Use logical operators: and, or, not for complex conditions, e.g., if age >= 18 and
age < 65:.

Looping Statements in Python


Loops repeat a block of code multiple times, either for a fixed number of
iterations or until a condition is met. Python has two main types: for (for known
iterations) and while (for unknown iterations).
1. for Loop

Iterates over a sequence (like a list, string, or range).


Great for going through items one by one.

Example: Printing Numbers 1 to 5


pythonfor i in range(1, 6): # range(start, stop) – stop is exclusive
print(i)

Output:
text1
2
3
4
5

Example: Looping Through a List


pythonfruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
for fruit in fruits:
print(f"I like {fruit}!")
Output:
textI like apple!
I like banana!
I like cherry!

Key Notes:

range(n) generates 0 to n-1.


Use break to exit early, continue to skip an iteration.
for with else: Runs else if no break occurred (rarely used).

2. while Loop

Repeats as long as a condition is True.


Useful when you don't know how many iterations upfront (e.g., user input until
valid).

Example: Guessing Game


pythonsecret = 7
guess = 0

while guess != secret:


guess = int(input("Guess the number (1-10): "))
if guess < secret:
print("Too low!")
elif guess > secret:
print("Too high!")
print("Correct! You guessed it.")

How it works: Keeps asking until you guess 7 correctly.


Key Notes:

Beware of infinite loops (e.g., while True: without break)—always have an exit
condition!
Like for, supports break, continue, and else (runs if no break).

When to Use What?

Conditionals: For branching logic (e.g., "if this, do that").


Loops: For repetition (e.g., process a list or wait for input).
Combine them! E.g., if inside a for loop for filtering.

Practice in a Python interpreter—these are foundational for writing flexible code.


If you want examples for specific scenarios, let me know!

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