PCTE Institute of Engineering and Technology

Course :: B.Tech(I st Year)(CSE, CE, ME)

Subject Name :: Engineering Physics
Subject Code :: BTPH101-23
Semester :: First
Credit :: 4
Total number of lectures :: 48
Course Instructor :: Dr. Faizyab Ahmad
(Email:: F aizyabAhmad@pcte.edu.in)

Pre-requisite : High-school education.

Course Objectives : The objective of the course is to develop a scientific
temper and analytical capability in the engineering graduates through the
learning of physical concepts and their application in engineering and
technology. Comprehension of some basic physical concepts will enable
graduates to think logically the engineering problems that would come across
due to rapidly developing new technologies.

Course Outcome: At the end of the course, the student will be able to

1. Acquire knowledge about the Maxwell equation and Electromagnetic

spectrum.

2. Understand the working, properties and characterization techniques of

semiconductor materials and devices.

3. Appreciate the need for quantum mechanics, wave particle duality,

uncertainty principle etc. and their applications.

4. Understand the properties and synthesis of nanomaterials.

5. Understand laser system, optical fibre in industries, laboratories and in

communication.

Detailed Syllabus:

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 Part A

1. Elements of crystallography: Unit cell, Basis, Space lattice, Crystal

Systems, Miller Indices of Planes and directions, bonding in solids, origin
of bands in solids (Qualitative idea), Metals, semiconductors and
insulators; Continuous and Characteristic X - Rays, X - Ray Diffraction
and Bragg’s law in Crystals, Bragg’s spectrometer. (5)

2. Semiconductor materials: Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors,

p-type, and n-type semiconductors; Fermi level in semiconductors;
Current conduction in semiconductors, I-V characteristics of p-n junction
diode, Some special p-n diodes: Zener diode, Tunnel diode, Photo diode,
and Light emitting diode. (7)

3. Magnetic Materials and Superconductivity: Basic ideas of Dia,

Para, Ferro and Ferrimagnetic materials, Ferrites, Hysteresis loop,
Magnetic Anisotropy, Superconductivity, Superconductors as ideal
diamagnetic materials, Signatures of Superconducting state, Meissner
Effect, Type I and Type II superconductors, London Equations. (7)

4. EM waves and Dielectrics: Physical significance of Gradient,

Divergence and Curl, Relationship between Electric Field and Potential,
Dielectric polarization, Displacement current, Maxwell’s Equations,
electromagnetic wave propagation in free space and isotropic dielectric
medium, Poynting vector, Electromagnetic Spectrum (Basic ideas of
different region).(7)

Part-B

5. Quantum Theory: Need and origin of quantum concept, Wave-particle

duality, Matter waves, Group and Phase velocities; Wave function and
Born interpretation; Uncertainty Principle; Schrodinger wave equations
(time independent and dependent); Application to particle in a box. (6)

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 6. Lasers: Concepts of laser, Spontaneous and Stimulated emissions,
Einstein’s Coefficients, Population Inversion, Pumping Mechanisms,
Components of a laser System, Three and four level laser systems; Ruby,
He -Ne, and semiconductor Lasers, Introduction to Holography. (6)

7. Fibre Optics: Introduction, Acceptance Angle, Numerical Aperture,

Normalized frequency, Modes of propagation, material dispersion and
pulse broadening in optical fibres, fibre connectors, splices and couplers,
Applications of optical fibres. (5)

8. Nanomaterials: Nanoscale, Classifications of nanomaterials (3D, 2D,

1D and 0D), electron confinement, Nanocomposites, Carbon nanotubes
(CNTs), Properties of nanomaterials, synthesis of nanomaterials, ball
milling and sol-gel techniques, Basic characterization techniques for
nanomaterials, Applications of nanomaterials. (5)

Suggested Readings/Books:

1. Physics for Scientists & Engineers (Vol. I & II), Serway & Jewett, 6 th
Edition., Cengage Learning.

2. Engineering Physics, Malik; HK, Singh; AK, Tata McGraw Hill.

3. Materials Science & Engg., Raghvan V., Prentice Hall of India.

4. University Physics with Modern Physics, Young Hugh D. and Freedman

Roger A., Pearson

5. Concepts of Modern Physics, Beiser; A., Mahajan; S., Choudhary; SR,

Tata McGraw Hill.

6. Solid State Physics, Dan Wei, Cengage Learning.

7. Introduction to Solids, Azaroff LV, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

8. Introduction to Electrodynamics, Griffiths; DJ, Prentice Hall.

9. Lasers & Optical engineering, Dass; P, Narosa Publishers.

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 10. Optical Fibre system, Technology, Design & Applications, Kao; CK,
McGraw Hill.

11. Laser Theory & Applications, Thygrajan; K, Ghatak; AK, Mc Millan

India Ltd.

Evaluation criteria
PARAMETERS MARKS WEIGHTAGE
Mid Semester Examination I 24
24
Mid Semester Examination II 24
Presentation 20 6
Project/Class test 20 4
Attendance 6 6
Total 94 40

The students will be allocated a topic for presentation atleast ten

days before the scheduled Presentation. Each student will deliver an
individual presentation on any one of the following topics:

1. Discuss the history of the beginning of the Nobel Prize.

2. Brownian motion.

3. Watch Einstein and Eddington movie and explain it from the

perspective of Physics only.

4. Watch the Beautiful mind movie and explain it from the perspective
of Physics and Mathematics only.

5. Who was Father of Indian space program? What was his

contribution in the Indian Space Program?

6. Describe some of the milestones achieved by ISRO.

7. Who was P.A.M Dirac? Discuss some of his contributions to Physics.

For which theory, he got Noble Prize.

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 8. Archimedes and his contribution to Science.

9. Galileo Galilei and his contribution to Science.

10. Richard Feynmann and his contributions to Physics.

11. Explain the different quotes of Richard Feynmann. Discuss the work
for which he got the Nobel Prize.

12. Enrico Fermi and his contributions in nuclear physics.

13. Watch the Oppenheimer movie. Discuss the Manhattan project.

14. Who was Mozard? Discuss the Oscar winning movie on his life.

15. Discuss the works of great Physicist and Mathematician without Ph.D.

16. Ludwig Boltzmann and his contributions.

17. ‘Prince of Mathematicians’ and his works.

18. Who was the father of Indian Nuclear program and his contributions

19. Missile Man of India and discuss his contributions in the Indian
Defence.

20. Wings of fire

21. Missile Woman of India and her contributions.

22. Vashishtha Narayan Singh life and his contributions.

23. Who is the most visionary Prime Minister of India - contribution in the
advancement of science and technology in India?

24. Transverse and Longitudinal waves.

25. Name the Indian scientist who got Boltzmann Medal and discuss his
contributions.

26. Bernoulli’s theorem.

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27. James Clerk Maxwell and his contributions.

28. Ashok Sen and his roles in theoretical physics.

29. John von Newmann and his contributions.

30. Srinivasa Ramanujan and his contributions.

31. Aryabhata and his contribution to Mathematics.

32. Wolfgang Pauli and his contributions.

33. Max Planck and his contribution to Physics.

34. Emergent phenomenon in condensed matter systems.

35. Gravitational wave astronomy.

36. Quantum computing and information.

37. Neutrino Physics.

38. Cosmology and the early universe.

39. High energy particle physics.

40. Magnetic Levitation.

41. Pesoelasticity.

42. Superconductivity.

43. How universe was formed?

44. Formation of black holes.

45. Qualitatively explain String theory.

46. History behind the General theory of relativity.

47. Gravitational wave theory.

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 48. Einstein’s Nobel prize wining experiment. Explain the experiment and
the history behind it.

49. Abdus Salam and his contributions.

50. How did the work of Abdus Salam lay the foundation of the discovery
of Higgs boson?

51. Discuss German Atomic Program during World War-II.

52. Subhanshu Shukla space journey.

53. Missile technology.

54. Fighter Jet technology.

55. Boeing failures.

56. Blue LED.

57. Magnetic memory.

58. Physics of Quantum Computers.

59. Laser communication.

60. Touch screen technology.

***The above topics can be changed depending upon the class

performance.
Attendance Policy:

1. It is compulsory for all the students to have 75% attendance in each

subject at the end of the semester failing which the student will not be
allowed to write the final exam.

2. Students can score marks in attendance as per the following rule:

Upto 75% - Nil

Above 75% to 80% - 2 marks

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 Above 80% to 85% - 3 marks
Above 85% to 90% - 4 marks
Above 90% to 95% - 5marks
Above 95% - 6 Marks

Guidelines for Presentation:

Presentation will be held during the semester about which you will be
informed well inadvance. The rules for presentation are:

• Each student has to deliver individual presentation.

• The topic of each student will be decided by the Course Instructor.

• The Presentation Topic will be given in advance atleast 10 days before

the date of presentation.

• Students must come in strict formals on the day of presentation.

• The attendance will be awarded according to the number of the sessions

attended by the students.

• It is COMPULSORY for all the students to deliver the Presentation in

order to clear the Internals of that subject.

• Every student will be given 6-10 minutes for their presentation.

• If a student fail to attend 5 classes in presentation, his/her presentation

will be marked from 50%.

• If anyone fails to give presentation on days allotted, again the marks will
be given from 50%.

Note

• There will be NO REMAKE of Mid-Semester Examinations. The

students are advised to appear in all the evaluation parameters as per
Class Calendar with preparation to avoid any inconvenience.

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 • If any student is caught copying or using unfair means in any evaluation
parameter, then that student will get Internal REAPPEAR in that
subject.

• The date of conduct of all the Evaluation parameters will be plotted in

the Class Calendar. You are supposed to follow the Class Calendar to
keep a track of the date of conduct of all the evaluation parameters.

• You should read the college Rule Book thoroughly to avoid any
confusion. Feel free to ask queries if any.

CLASSROOM POLICIES:
Following are the classroom policies and they are meant to be strictly followed:

• Students are advised to be inside the class room before time. No

attendance will be given if someone is entering more than 5 minutes late
in the class room. However late students are allowed to attend the
lecture.

• Usage of Mobile phones is strictly prohibited in the classroom. Phones

should not be visible in the class room. Should be eiher in the bags or in
the pockets in silent mode.

• No bags should be visible on the desk or in the laps. Should be placed

on the ground.

• Maintaining proper silence during the lecture is mandatory. In case you

have any query or confusion, please raise hand rather than discussing
with your fellow students.

• In case you want to discuss subject related problems or confusions, I will

be available in my office as per following schedule:

Monday: 2.30PM-4:30PM and Saturday-9:00PM-2:00 PM.

Send your queries to my WhatsApp number anytime. Can discuss

Physics anytime through call also.

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 Total number of lectures = 48
No. of Lecture content YouTube links
Lec-
tures
Unit 1 Fibre Optics
1 Total Internal reflection and introduc-
https:
tion to optical fibre
//www.youtube.com/
2 Acceptance angle, Numerical aperture,
@pankajphysicsgulati
Normalized frequency
3 Modes of propagation, material disper-
sion and pulse broadening in optical fi-
bres
4 Fibre connectors, splices and couplers,
Applications of optical fibres
Unit 2 Quantum Mechanics
5 Need and Origin of quantum theory
6 Wave-particle duality, Matter waves https://www.youtube.
7 Group velocity and Phase velocity com/watch?v=
8 Wavefunction and Born Interpretation R-x9KdNjQmo&list=
9 Uncertainty Principle, Schrodinger wave PL1955A15B7F282A7F
equations
10 Schrodinger wave equations and Particle
in 1-D box
11 Class test of Unit 1 and 2

10
Unit 3 Laser Physics
12 Concepts of laser, Spontaneous &
Stimulated emissions

13 Population inversion and pumping https://www.youtube.com/

mechanisms @EngineeringPhysicsbySanjiv
14 Three and four level laser systems

15 Einstein’s coefficients

16 Ruby and He-Ne lasers

17 He-Ne laser and Semiconductor

laser; Introduction to Holography

18 Industrial visit: Osho Forges Ltd., Chandigarh Road, Ludhiana.

Unit 4 Semiconductor Physics
19 Origin of bands in solids, Metals,
semiconductors & insulators

20 Intrinsic and extrinsic https://www.youtube.com/

semiconductors, p-type, and n-type watch?v=N01BYteinzE&list=

semiconductors PLbMVogVj5nJSvhvgcBfT3e6HFFuhq2xqz

21 Fermi level in semiconductors

22 Current conduction in
semiconductors

23 I-V characteristics of p-n junction

diode, Zener diode

24 Tunnel diode, Photo diode, and

Light emitting diode

11
Unit 5 Crystallography
25 Unit cell, Basis, Space lattice, Crystal https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

Systems h0Y9jDKqScQ\&list=
PLgMDNELGJ1CaNcuuQv9xN07ZWkXE-wCGP
26 Miller Indices of Planes and directions

27 & 28 Characteristics of X-Rays, X-Ray https://www.youtube.com/

Diffraction & Bragg’s law in Crystals, @EngineeringPhysicsbySanjiv
Bragg’s spectrometer.

29 II nd Class test of Unit 3, 4 and 5

Unit 6 Magnetic Materials and Superconductivity
30 & 31 Basic ideas of Dia, Para, Ferro &
Ferrimagnetic materials, Ferrites

32 Hysteresis loop, Magnetic Anisotropy https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

N01BYteinzE\&list=
33 Superconductivity, Superconductors as
PLbMVogVj5nJSvhvgcBfT3e6HFFuhq2xqz
ideal diamagnetic materials, Signatures
of superconducting state

34 Meissner Effect

35 Type I & Type II superconductors

36 London Equations

Unit 7 Electromagnetic Waves and Dielectrics

37 Guest Lecture: Dr. Randhir Singh, Assoc Prof, GNE, Ludhiana

38 Physical significance of Gradient, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

Divergence & Curl h0Y9jDKqScQ\&list=
PLgMDNELGJ1CaNcuuQv9xN07ZWkXE-wCGP

12
39 Relationship between Electric Field &
Potential

40 & 41 Maxwell’s Equations https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

42 Electromagnetic wave propagation in h0Y9jDKqScQ\&list=
free space and isotropic dielectric PLgMDNELGJ1CaNcuuQv9xN07ZWkXE-wCGP
medium

43 Poynting vector, Electromagnetic

Spectrum

Unit 8 Nanomaterials
44 Nanoscale, Classifications of
nanomaterials (3D, 2D, 1D and 0D)

45 Electron confinement, Nanocomposites, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) qUEbxTkPIWI&t=2s
46 Properties of nanomaterials, synthesis
of nanomaterials, ball milling and
sol-gel techniques

47 Basic characterization techniques for

nanomaterials, Applications of
nanomaterials

48 III rd Class test of whole syllabus

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 Projects

S. No. Project title Working Principle

1 Water wheel working model using dc Electromechanical energy conversion.
motor.
2 Types of motion(linear, periodic, ro- Classification based on path and time.
tational, circular).
3 Laser Security System Interruption of light path
4 How to make wireless power transfer Mutual induction
system.
5 Newton’s second law working model. F =ma. Force is directly proportional to
mass and acceleration.
6 Electric lift working model. Electric motor lifts load using pulley.
7 Hydraulic lift working model. Pascal’s law
8 Waste water treatment. Physical, chemical, and biological filtra-
tion
9 Solar Power Sprinkler irrigation sys- Photovoltaic conversion.
tem.
10 Hydroponic farming. Plants grow in nutrient water without
soil.
11 Thermal energy to electrical energy. Thermoelectric Generation.
12 Escalator elevator working model Newton’s Laws of Motion, Conservation
of Energy, Gravitational Force
13 3-D Hologram box screen. Light Reflection
14 Electromagnet Oersted’s Law

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15 Iron in cereol Magnetic property of iron.
16 Simple electric motor Lorentz Force Law, Fleming’s left hand
rule.
17 Antigravity structure Magnetic Levitation (Lenz’s
Law/Repulsion)
18 Buzzer wire game Closed Electric Circuit.
19 Tesla Coil Electromagnetic induction.
20 Walking robot Mechanics.
21 Microscope Optical magnification using convex
lenses.
22 Coca Cola spy gun Spring tension.
23 Rowing boat Newton’s 3rd Law: Oar pushes water
backward → boat moves forward.
24 Seeing sound by frequency. Sound waves produce vibrations that
vary with frequency.
25 Electromagnet swing Combination of electromagnetism and
pendulum motion.
26 Fire sensor Infrared radiation or temperature sens-
ing.
27 DC motor using magnet and coil Electromagnetic force.
28 DC motor car Electromagnetic force.
29 Powerful alarm working model using Electromagnetic force.
dc motor and waste materials
30 Carbon Purification Model for Facto- Adsorption, Redox Reactions, Photosyn-
ries thesis, Electrostatic Force, Condensa-
tion.
31 Earth and Moon Rotation Model Gravitational force
32 Homemade AC conditioner Evaporation, Compression, Condensa-
tion (Outdoor) and Expansion.

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33 Powerful Water pump Centrifugal Force, Bernoulli’s Principle,
Pascal’s Law.
34 Revolving Table Fan, Rechargeable Conversion of electrical energy to me-
DC Fan at Home chanical energy via a DC motor
35 How to make free energy water pump Energy conservation
36 Making airplanes from bottles Bernoulli’s Principle
37 Magnetic braking system Eddy currents and Lenz’s law
38 Astronomical telescope Reflection, refraction and electromag-
netic detection
39 Wireless power transfer using reso- Electromagnetic induction and reso-
nant inductive coupling nance
40 Smart lighting using motion and light Light sensors and Motion sensors
sensors
41 Builiding hydraulic excavator Pascal’s principle

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 Engineering Physics Lab.

Course :: B.Tech(I st Year)(CSE, CE, ME)

Subject Name :: Engineering Physics lab.
Subject Code :: BTPH102-23
Semester :: First
Credit :: 1
No. of lectures per week :: 2
Pre-requisite : High-school education
Course Objectives : The aim and objective of the Engineering Physics lab is
to provide students the first hand experience of verifying various theoretical
concepts learnt in theory courses so that they can use these in Engineering as
per their requirement.
Laboratory Outcomes : At the end of the course, students will be

1. Able to verify some of the theoretical concepts learnt in the theory

courses.

2. Trained in carrying out precise measurements and handling sensitive

equipment.

3. Introduced to the methods used for estimating and dealing with

experimental uncertainties and systematic errors.

4. Learn to draw conclusions from data and develop skills in experimental

design.

5. Write a technical report which communicates scientific information in a

clear and concise manner.

Classroom policies::
Along with the above policies. In lab., each section is divided into two groups
:: Group1: A-M; Group2: N-Z. Each group has 2 lab. lectures per week. Two
copies will be made. One is the Physics practical file and the second one for

17
 Evaluation criteria
PARAMETERS MARKS WEIGHTAGE
Mid Semester Examination I 24 15
Mid Semester Examination II 24 15
Total 48 30

taking readings of each experiment. First the theory regarding the experiment
will be explained. Then the experminents will be demonstrated. A group of
4-5 students will be made and provided with the kit. Each student of the
group will perform the experiment and take the readings on the reading
notebook. Get those checked by the teacher. In the next class the students
must come with the experminent performed in the last class completely
written and get it checked in the class.

List of Experiments
1. To study the characteristic of different p-n junction diodes: Ge and Si.

2. To analyze the suitability of a given Zener diode as a voltage regulator.

3. To find out the intensity response of a solar cell, photo diode, LED, or
tunnel diode.

4. To study the magnetic field of a circular coil carrying current.

5. To find out the polarizability of a dielectric substance.

6. To study the laser beam characteristics such as wavelength and grating

element using diffraction grating and divergence.

7. To study laser interference using Michelson’s Interferometer.

8. To determine numerical aperture, attenuation, and propagation losses in

optical fibers.

18
 9. To find out the frequency of AC mains using an electric vibrator or
sonometer.

10. To find the refractive index of a material or liquid using a spectrometer.

11. To study the B-H curve using a CRO.

12. To find the velocity of ultrasound in a liquid.

13. To determine the grain size of a material using an optical microscope.

14. To determine the energy band gap of a semiconductor.

15. To determine the resistivity of semiconductors by the Four Probe

Method.

16. To understand the phenomenon of the photoelectric effect and determine

Planck’s constant.

Suggested Readings / Books

1. Practical Physics, C.L. Arora, S. Chand & Co.

2. Practical Physics, R.S. Sirohi, Wiley Eastern.

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