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Solution Manual for Algebra and Trigonometry 8th Edition by

Richard N. Aufmann,Richard D. Nation

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Book Title: Algebra and Trigonometry

Edition: 8th Edition

Author: Richard N. Aufmann,Richard D. Nation

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54 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities

Section 1.1 Exercises 8. Solve the equation.

1. Determine whether 2 is a solution. 4 x -11 = 7 x + 20
3( x - 4) + 5 = 2 x - 5 4 x - 7 x = 20 + 11
? -3x = 31
3(2 - 4) + 5 = 2(2) - 5
x = - 31
? 3
3(-2) + 5 = 4 - 5
? 9. Solve the equation.
-6 + 5 =-1
2( x - 3) - 5 = 4( x - 5)
-1 = -1
2 x - 6 - 5 = 4 x - 20
Yes, 2 is a solution. 2 x -11 = 4 x - 20
2. Determine the number. 2 x - 4 x = -20 + 11
-2 x = -9
For the equation, 1 x -15 = 3 x , the LCD is 10. So
5 10 x=9
2
multiply each side of the equation by 10 (or a multiple
10. Solve the equation.
of 10) to clear fractions.
5( x - 4) - 7 = -2( x - 3)
3. State the difference.
5 x - 20 - 7 = -2 x + 6
A conditional equation is true for some values of the
5 x - 27 = -2 x + 6
variable, but not true for other values of the variable.
5 x + 2 x = 6 + 27
An identity has an infinite number of solutions. 7 x = 33
4. Write the possible values of x + 9.
x = 33
7
| x + 9 |= 5
x + 9 = 5 or x + 9 = -5 11. Solve the equation.

The possible values of x + 9 are 5 and –5. 3x + 5(1- 2 x ) = 4 - 3( x + 1)

3x + 5 -10 x = 4 - 3x - 3
5. Solve the equation.
-7 x + 5 = 1- 3 x
2 x + 10 = 40
-4 x = -4
2 x = 40 -10
x =1
2 x = 30
x = 15 12. Solve the equation.

6. Solve the equation. 6 - 2 (4 x + 1) = 3x - 2 (2 x + 5)

6 - 8 x - 2 = 3x - 4 x -10
-3 y + 20 = 2
4 - 8 x = -x -10
-3 y = 2 - 20
-7 x = -14
-3 y = -18
x=2
y=6
7. Solve the equation.
5 x + 2 = 2 x -10
5 x - 2 x = -10 - 2
3x = -12
x = -4
 Section 1.1 55
13. Solve the equation. 18. Solve the equation.
4(2r -17) + 5(3r - 8) = 0 1 x + 7 - 1 x = 19
8r - 68 + 15r - 40 = 0 2 4 2
23r -108 = 0 (2
1
4 ) ( )
4 ⋅ x + 7 - x = 4 ⋅ 19
1
2
23r = 108
2 x + 28 - x = 38
r = 108 x + 28 = 38
23
x = 38 - 28
14. Solve the equation.
x = 10
6(5s -11) -12(2 s + 5) = 0
19. Solve the equation.
30s - 66 - 24 s - 60 = 0
0.2 x + 0.4 = 3.6
6s -126 = 0
0.2 x = 3.6 - 0.4
6s = 126
0.2 x = 3.2
s = 126 x = 16
6
s = 21 20. Solve the equation.
15. Solve the equation. 0.04 x - 0.2 = 0.07
3 x+ 1 = 2 0.04 x = 0.07 + 0.2
4 2 3 0.04 x = 0.27

4( 2 )
12 ⋅ 3 x + 1 = 12 ⋅ 2
3 () x = 6.75
9x + 6 = 8 21. Solve the equation.
9x = 8- 6 x + 0.08(60) = 0.20(60 + x )
9x = 2 x + 4.8 = 12 + 0.20 x
x=2 x - 0.20 x = 12 - 4.8
9 0.80 x = 7.2
16. Solve the equation. x=9
x -5 = 1 22. Solve the equation.
4 2
6(t + 1.5) = 12t
(
4⋅ -5 = 4 1
x
4 ) ()
2 6t + 9 = 12t
x - 20 = 2 6t -12t = -9
x = 2 + 20 -6t = -9
x = 22 t=3
2
17. Solve the equation.
23. Solve the equation.
2 x -5 = 1 x -3
3 2 5[ x - (4 x - 5)] = 3 - 2 x

( ) (
6⋅ 2 x -5 = 6⋅ 1 x -3
3 2 ) 5( x - 4 x + 5) = 3 - 2 x
5(-3x + 5) = 3 - 2 x
4 x - 30 = 3x -18
-15 x + 25 = 3 - 2 x
4 x - 3x = -18 + 30
-15 x + 2 x = 3 - 25
x = 12
-13x = -22
x = 22
13
56 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
24. Solve the equation. 29. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity.
6[3 y - 2( y -1)] - 2 + 7 y = 0 2 x + 7 = 3( x -1)
6(3 y - 2 y + 2) - 2 + 7 y = 0 2 x + 7 = 3x - 3
18 y -12 y + 12 - 2 + 7 y = 0 2 x - 3x = -3 - 7
13 y + 10 = 0 -x = -10
13 y = -10 x = 10

y = - 10 Conditional equation
13
30. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity.
25. Solve the equation.
4[2 x - 5( x - 3)] = 6
40 - 3x = 6 x + 7 4[2 x - 5 x + 15] = 6
5 8
4[-3x + 15] = 6
40 ⋅ (
40 -
5
3 x
) 8 (
= 40 ⋅ 6 x + 7 ) -12 x + 60 = 6
8(40 - 3x ) = 5(6 x + 7) -12 x = -54
320 - 24 x = 30 x + 35 x=9
-24 x - 30 x = 35 - 320 2
-54 x = -285 Conditional equation

x = 95 31. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity.

18
4x +8 = x +8
26. Solve the equation. 4
12 + x = 5 x - 7 + 2 4 x + 8 = 4( x + 8)
-4 3 4 x + 8 = 4 x + 32
12 ⋅ (
12 +
-4
x
) (
= 12 ⋅ 5 x - 7 + 2
3 ) 8 = 32
Contradiction
-3(12 + x ) = 4(5 x - 7) + 24
-36 - 3x = 20 x - 28 + 24 32. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity.
-36 - 3x = 20 x - 4 3[ x - (4 x -1)] = -3(2 x - 5)
-3x - 20 x = -4 + 36 3[ x - 4 x + 1] = -6 x + 15
-23x = 32 3[-3x + 1] = -6 x + 15
-9 x + 3 = -6 x + 15
x = - 32
23 -3x = 12
27. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity. x = -4
-3( x - 5) = -3x + 15 Conditional equation
-3x + 15 = -3x + 15 33. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity.
Identity 3[ x - 2( x - 5)] -1 = -3x + 29
28. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity. 3[ x - 2 x + 10] -1 = -3x + 29
3[-x + 10] -1 = -3x + 29
2 x + 1 = 6x +1
3 3 -3x + 30 -1 = -3 x + 29

( 1
3 ) (
3⋅ 2 x + = 3⋅ 6 x +1
3 ) -3x + 29 = -3 x + 29
Identity
6x +1 = 6x +1
Identity
 Section 1.1 57
34. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity. 42. Solve for x.
4[3( x - 5) + 7] = 12 x - 32 2 x - 3 = 21
4[3x -15 + 7] = 12 x - 32
2 x - 3 = 21 or 2x - 3 = -21
4[3x - 8] = 12 x - 32
2 x = 24 2x = -18
12 x - 32 = 12 x - 32
x = 12 x = -9
Identity
43. Solve for x.
35. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity.
2 x + 6 = 10
2 x - 8 = -x + 9
3x = 17 2 x + 6 = 10 or 2x + 6 = -10
2x = 4 2x = -16
x = 17
3 x=2 x = -8
Conditional equation 44. Solve for x.
36. Classify: contradiction, conditional equation, identity. 2 x + 14 = 60
3( x - 4) + 7 = 3x - 5
2 x + 14 = 60 or 2 x + 14 = -60
3x -12 + 7 = 3x - 5 2 x = 46 2 x = -74
3x - 5 = 3x - 5 x = 23 x = -37
Identity 45. Solve for x.
37. Solve for x. x-4 = 8
2
x =4
x-4 = 8 or x - 4 = -8
x=4 or x = –4 2 2
38. Solve for x. x - 4 = 8(2) x - 4 = -8(2)
x - 4 = 16 x - 4 = -16
x =7
x = 20 x = -12
x=7 or x = -7
46. Solve for x.
39. Solve for x.
x+3 = 6
x -5 = 2 4
x -5 = 2 or x - 5 = -2 x+3 = 6 x + 3 = -6
or
x=7 x=3 4 4
x + 3 = 6(4) x + 3 = -6(4)
40. Solve for x.
x + 3 = 24 x + 3 = -24
x -8 = 3 x = 21 x = -27
x -8 = 3 or x - 8 = -3 47. Solve for x.
x = 11 x=5 2 x + 5 = -8
41. Solve for x.
2x + 5 ³ 0
2 x - 5 = 11
-8 ³ 0
2 x - 5 = 11 or 2x - 5 = -11
Contradiction. There is no solution.
2 x = 16 2x = -6
x =8 x = -3
58 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
48. Solve for x. 54. Find the weight.
4 x -1 = -17 LBM = 0.3281W + 0.3393H - 29.5336
4 x -1 ³ 0 55 = 0.3281W + 0.3393(175) - 29.5336
-17 ³ 0 25.1561 = 0.3281W
76.6720512 = W
Contradiction. There is no solution.
W » 77 kg
49. Solve for x.
55. Find the time.
2 x + 3 + 4 = 34
d = 210 - 50t
2 x + 3 = 30
x + 3 = 15 60 = 210 - 50t or -60 = 210 - 50t
x + 3 = 15 or x + 3 = -15 -150 = -50t -270 = -50t
x = 12 x = -18 t =3 t = 5.4

50. Solve for x. 5.4 hours = 5 hours 24 minutes

3 x - 5 -16 = 2 Ruben will be exactly 60 miles from Barstow

3 x - 5 = 18 after 3 hours and after 5 hours and 24 minutes.

x -5 = 6 56. Find the constant speed.

x -5 = 6 or x - 5 = -6 m = - 1 s - 55 + 25
2
x = 11 x = -1
1
22 = - s - 55 + 25
51. Solve for x. 2
1
-3 = - s - 55
3 2 x - 5 + 2 = 11 2
3 2x - 5 = 9 6 = s - 55
2x - 5 = 3
6 = s - 55 -6 = s - 55
or
2x - 5 = 3 or 2 x - 5 = -3 61 = s 49 = s
2x = 8 or 2x = 2 Kate can drive at 49 mph or 61 mph to obtain gas
x=4 or x =1 mileage of exactly 22 miles per gallon.
52. Solve for x. 57. Find the number of minutes.
5 - 4 2 - 5 x = -7 g = 18 - 1 t
36
-4 2 - 5 x = -12
0 = 18 - 1 t
2 - 5x = 3 36
1 t = 18
2 - 5x = 3 or 2 - 5 x = -3 36
-5 x = 1 or -5 x = -5 t = 648
x = -1 or x =1 The engine will run out of gas in 648 min.
5
58. Find the depth. Round to the nearest tenth of a foot.
53. Estimate the volume of the pouch.
p = 0.445d + 14.7
F = -5.5V + 5400
24 = 0.445d + 14.7
550 = -5.5V + 5400
9.3 = 0.445d
-4850 = -5.5V
20.9 = d
881.81 81 = V
The depth is approximately 20.9 ft.
V » 882 cm3
 Section 1.1 59
59. Find the number of minutes. Round to the nearest tenth 63. Solve.
of a minute. 1 + 1 = x +3
2 x 2
p = 100 - 30 t 1+ x
N
1 + x + 1 = x + 3 LCD = 2 x
25 = 100 - 30 t 2 x 2
110
30 t = 75 x(1 + x) + 2 = x( x + 3)
110 x + x 2 + 2 = x 2 + 3x
t = 275 seconds 2 = 2x

( )
275 sec ⋅ 1 min » 4.6 min
60 sec
1= x
64. Solve.
60. Find the number of hours. Round to the nearest tenth of
2 x 2 - x + 2 - 3 = 2( x - 4)
an hour. x
2650 - 475t = miles remaining 2 x2 - x + 2 - 3x = 2 x 2 - 8 x
2650 - 475t = 1000 2 x2 - 4 x + 2 = 2x2 - 8x
-475t = -1650 2 = -4 x
t » 3.5 to the nearest tenth
-1 = x
3.5 hours 2
61. Find the MHR for a male and female. Round to the 65. Solve.
nearest beat per minute. | x | + | x -1|= 3
male = 202 - 0.55a female = 216 -1.09a For x < 0,
= 202 - 0.55(25) = 216 -1.09(25) x + x - 1 = -3
= 202 -13.75 = 216 - 27.25 2 x - 1 = -3
= 188.25 = 188.75 2 x = -2
The MHR for a male who is 25 years of age is about x = -1
188 beats per minute. For 0 £ x £ 1 , (one is positive and one is negative)
The MHR for a female who is 25 years of age is about x - ( x -1) = 3
189 beats per minute. 1 ¹ 3 contradiction (no solution)
62. Find the age. Round to the nearest year. For x > 1,
female = 216 -1.09a x + x -1 = 3
150 = 216 -1.09a 2 x -1 = 3
-66 = -1.09a 2x = 4
60.55 » a x=2
A woman should have a maximum exercise heart rate 66. To remove the absolute value signs, we must know
of 150 beats per minute at approximately age 61. whether the quantities inside the absolute value are
positive or negative. Both quantities are negative when
x < 0; one is positive (or 0) and one is negative (or 0)
when 0 £ x £ 1; and both are positive when x > 1.
60 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
Prepare for Section 1.2 The total amount of interest earned in the accounts in
P1. Evaluate. one year is 0.03x + 0.05(4000 – x).
32 - x 5. Write the expression representing the total value.
32 - 8 1 = 23 1 Value of almonds: 7x
2 2
Value of walnuts: 9(10), or 90
P2. Evaluate.
Total value of nut mixture: 7x + 90
1 bh
2 6. Write the expression representing the amount of lawn
1⋅2⋅4 = 4 Maya can mow in m minutes.
2 3 5 15
m
P3. Determine the property. 45
2l + 2w = 2(l + w) 7. Solve the formula.
Distributive property
V = 1 π r 2h
P4. Determine the property. 3
3 V = π r 2h
( )
1 b h = 1 bh
2 2 3V = h
Associative property of multiplication π r2

P5. Add. 8. Solve the formula.

P = S - Sdt
2 x + 1 x = 6 x + 5 x = 11 x
5 3 15 15 15 Sdt = S - P
P6. Simplify. t = S-P
Sd
1 = 1 = 1 = 1 = ab
1 + 1 1⋅b + 1⋅a b + a b+a a +b 9. Solve the formula.
a b a b b a ab ab ab I = Prt
Section 1.2 Exercises I =t
Pr
1. Write the first step to solve A = P + Prt for r.
10. Solve the formula.
Subtract P from each side.
A = P + Prt
2. Evaluate.
A = P (1 + rt )
A = 1 h(b1 + b2 ) A =P
2 1 + rt
1
A = (6)(5 + 7) = 36
2 11. Solve the formula.
3. Write the ratio. Gm1m2
F=
For similar triangles, the ratio of two sides is equal to d2
the ratio of the same two sides of the similar triangle. Fd 2 = Gm1m2

x=2 Fd 2 = m
1
6 3 Gm2

4. Write the expressions.

The amount invested at 5% is 4000 – x.
Interest earned in 3% account: 0.03x
Interest earned in 5% account: 0.05(4000 – x)
 Section 1.2 61
12. Solve the formula. 18. Find Smith’s quarterback rating. Round to the nearest
tenth.
A = 1 h(b1 + b2 )
2
2 A = hb1 + hb2 QB rating = 100 [0.05(C - 30) + 0.25(Y - 3)
6
2 A - hb2 = hb1 + 0.2T + (2.375 - 0.25I )]
2 A - hb2
= b1 = 100 [0.05(61.3 - 30) + 0.25 (7.07 - 3)
h 6
13. Solve the formula. + 0.2 (3.8) + (2.375 - 0.25 ⋅1.1)]
» 90.7
an = a1 + ( n -1)d
an - a1 = ( n -1)d 19. Estimate the reading level. Round to the nearest tenth.

an - a1 SMOG = 42 + 3 » 6.5 + 3 = 9.5

=d
n -1 20. Estimate the reading level. Round to the nearest tenth.
14. Solve the formula.
SMOG = 105 + 3 » 10.2 + 3 = 13.2
y - y1 = m( x - x1 )
21. Estimate the reading level. Round to the nearest tenth.
y - y1 = mx - mx1
GFI = 0.4(14.8 + 15.1) » 12.0
y - y1 + mx1 = mx
y - y1 + mx1 22. Estimate the reading level. Round to the nearest tenth.
=x
m GFI = 0.4(18.8 + 14.2) = 13.2
15. Solve the formula.
23. Find the width and length.
a
S= 1 2W  3
1- r
S (1- r ) = a1
W
S - Sr = a1
S - a1 = Sr
S - a1 P = 2 L + 2W
=r
S 174 = 2(2W - 3) + 2W
16. Solve the formula. 174 = 4W - 6 + 2W
180 = 6W
PV
1 1 PV
= 2 2
T1 T2 W = 30 ft
1 1T2 = P2V2T1
PV L = 2W - 3 = 2(30) - 3 = 60 - 3 = 57 ft
PV
1 1T2 24. Find the dimensions.
= V2
P2T1
P = 2 L + 2W L = 2.25W , P = 1040
17. Find Schaub’s quarterback rating. 1040 = 2(2.25W ) + 2W
1040 = 4.5W + 2W
QB rating = 100 [0.05(C - 30) + 0.25(Y - 3)
6 1040 = 6.5W
+ 0.2T + (2.375 - 0.25I )] W = 160 ft
= 100 [0.05(61.0 - 30) + 0.25(8.49 - 3) L = 2.25W
6
+ 0.2 (5.1) + (2.375 - 0.25 ⋅ 2.05)] L = 2.25(160) = 360 ft
= 96.75
» 96.8
62 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
25. Find the length of each side. 30. Find the length of the shadow. Round to the nearest
tenth.
3x 3x Let x = the length of the shadow.
x = x + 10
x 6 25
3x + 3x + x = 84
7 x = 84
150 ()
x
6 25(
= 150 x + 10 )
25 x = 6 x + 60
x = 12
19 x = 60
3x = 3(12) = 36
x = 3.157894737
The shortest side is 12 cm.
x » 3.2 ft
The longer sides are each 36 cm.
31. Find the number of pairs of sunglasses.
26. Find the length of each side.
Let x = the number of sunglasses.
2 2
3
x 3
x Profit = Revenue – Cost
x 17,884 = 29.99 x - 8.95 x
2 x + 2 x + x = 161 17,884 = 21.04 x
3 3 x = 850
2 x + 2 x + 3x = 483
The manufacturer must sell 850 pairs of sunglasses to
7 x = 483
make a profit of $17,884.
x = 69
2 x = 2 (69) = 46 32. Find the number of glasses of orange juice.
3 3 Let x = the number of glasses of orange juice.
The longest side is 69 miles. Profit = Revenue – Cost
The two shorter sides are each 46 miles. 2058 = 1.75 x - 0.28 x
27. Use similar triangles to find the height of the tree. 2058 = 1.47 x
Let h = the height of the tree. 1400 = x

h =6 The owner must sell 1400 glasses of orange juice to

10 4 make a profit of $2058.
h = 15 ft
33. Find the price of the book and the bookmark.
28. Find the height of the building.
Let x = price of book
Let h = the height of the building.
10.10 – x = price of bookmark.
h = 4 (12)
x = 10 + (10.10 - x )
50 3
h = 800 ft 2 x = 20.10
x = 10.05
29. Find the distance from the building.
10.10 -10.05 = 0.05
Let x = the distance from the building.
The price of the book is $10.05.
20 = 20 - x
50 6 The price of the bookmark is $0.05.
300 20
50( )
= 300 20 - x
6 ( ) 34. Find the total cost of the yacht.
Let x = cost of yacht
120 = 1000 - 50 x
50 x = 880 x = cost with 3 partners
3
x = 17.6 ft
 Section 1.2 63
x = cost with 4 partners 39. Find the amount invested at 8%.
4
5.5% 2500
x - x = 4000 8% x
3 4 7% 2500 + x
é ù
12 ê x - x ú = 12(4000) 0.055(2500) + 0.08 x = 0.07(2500 + x )
ë3 4û
4 x - 3 x = 48,000 137.5 + 0.08 x = 175 + 0.07 x
x = 48,000 0.01x = 37.5
x = 3750
The total cost is $48,000.
$3750 additional investment at 8%.
35. Find the cost of the computer last year.
40. Find the amount invested at 9%.
Let x = cost last year.
6.8% 4600
x - 0.20 x = 750 9% x
0.80 x = 750 8% 4600 + x
x = 937.50
0.068(4600) + 0.09 x = 0.08(4600 + x )
The cost of a computer last year was $937.50. 312.8 + 0.09 x = 368 + 0.08 x
36. Find the cost of the magazine last year. 0.01x = 55.2
Let x = cost last year. x = 5520

x + 0.04 x = 26 $5520 additional investment at 9%.

1.04 x = 26 41. Find the length of the track.
x = 25 d = 6t

The cost of the subscription last year was $25.

d = 2(160  t)
37. Find how much was invested in each account.
Let t = the time to run to the end of the track.
Let x = amount invested at 8%.
Let 160 – t = the time in seconds to jog back.
(14, 000 - x ) = amount invested at 6.5%.
6t = 2(160 - t )
0.08 x + 0.065(14, 000 - x ) = 1024 6t = 320 - 2t
0.08 x + 910 - 0.065 x = 1024
8t = 320
0.015 x = 114
t = 40
x = 7600
d = 6(40) = 240 meters
14,000 - x = 6400
42. Find the distance.
$7600 was invested at 8%.
d = 15t
$6400 was invested at 6.5%.
38. Find how much was invested in each account. d = 10(7.5  t)

5% x Let t = the time (in hours) to travel to the island.

7% 7500 - x
Let 7.5 – t = the time (in hours) to return.
0.05 x + 0.07(7500 - x ) = 405
d = 15t , and d = 10(7.5 - t )
0.05 x + 525 - 0.07 x = 405
-0.02 x = -120 Thus, 15t = 10(7.5 - t )
x = 6000 15t = 75 -10t
7500 - x = 1500 25t = 75
t = 3 hours
$6000 was invested at 5%.
d = 15(3) = 45 nautical miles
$1500 was invested at 7%.
64 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
43. Find the time. 46. Find the distance.
d = 240(t + 3)

d = 600t

Let t = the time (in hours) of the second plane.

(t + 4)(1100) = 4.62(1100)t
Let t + 3 = the time (in hours) of the first plane.
1100t + 4400 = 5082t
d = 240(t + 3) 4400 = 3982t
d = 600t 1.104972376 » t
240(t + 3) = 600t d = 5082t
240t + 720 = 600t d » 5615 ft
720 = 360t 47. Find the speed of the second car.
2=t 30 seconds = 0.5 minutes = 0.5 hour = 1 hour.
t = 2 hours 60 120

44. Find the time and distance. 500 meters = 1 km.

2
Let t = time (in hours) of the first plane.
rate time
Let t – 1 = time (in hours) of the second plane.
Faster car x 1
Los Angeles Chicago 120
660(t  1) 540t 1
Slower car 80
120
1800 miles

660(t -1) + 540t = 1800

x (1201 ) - 80(1201 ) = 12
120 ê x ( 1 ) - 80 ( 1 )ú = 120 ( 1 )
é ù
660t - 660 + 540t = 1800
ëê 120 120 ûú 2
1200t = 2460 x - 80 = 60
t = 2.05 hours x = 140
Thus, the planes pass each other 2.05 hours after the 140 km/h
first plane leaves Chicago. The distance the first plane 48. Find all the possible values of r.
is from Chicago is 540(2.05) = 1107 miles. Each plane travels at the same speed: r
45. Find the distance. There are 2 cases: greater than 2 hr, and less than 4 hr
Greater than or equal to 2 hours,
1500 = 2r + 2r
1500 = 4r
375 = r
1865t = 1100(2 - t )
Less than or equal to 4 hours,
1865t = 2200 -1100t
2965t = 2200 1500 = 4r + 4r
1500 = 8r
t » 0.741989
187.5 = r
d = 1865t
d » 1383.81 After travelling between 2 and 4 hours, the possible

The distance to the target is 1384 feet (to the nearest values of r are 187.5 mph £ r £ 375 mph.

foot).
 Section 1.2 65
49. Find the number of grams of pure silver. 53. Find the number of grams of pure gold.
1.00 x 1.00 x
0.45 200 - x 14 or 7 15
0.50 200 24 12
18 or 3 15 + x
x + 0.45(200 - x ) = 0.50(200) 24 4
x + 90 - 0.45 x = 100
0.55 x = 10 x + 7 (15) = 3 (15 + x )
12 4
x = 18 2 g pure silver é ù é ù
12 ⋅ ê x + (15)ú = 12 ⋅ ê 3 (15 + x ) ú
7
11 12
ë û ë4 û
50. Find the number of liters of 40% sulfuric acid. 12 x + 7(15) = 9(15 + x )
0.40 x 12 x + 105 = 135 + 9 x
0.24 4 3x = 30
0.30 4 + x x = 10
0.40 x + 0.24(4) = 0.30(4 + x ) 10 g of pure gold
0.40 x + 0.96 = 1.2 + 0.30 x 54. Find the number of ounces of 14-karat gold.
0.10 x = 0.24 1.00 4
x = 2.4 14 or 7 x
2.4 liters of 40% sulfuric acid 24 12
18 or 3 4+ x
51. Find the number of liters of water. 24 4
0 x
0.12 160 4 + 7 x = 3 (4 + x )
0.20 160 - x 12 4
é ù é ù
12 ⋅ ê 4 + 7 x ú = 12 ⋅ ê 3 (4 + x )ú
0.12(160) - 0 = 0.20(160 - x ) ë 12 û ë 4 û
19.2 = 32 - 0.20 x 48 + 7 x = 9(4 + x )
0.20 x = 12.8 48 + 7 x = 36 + 9 x
x = 64 -2 x = -12
x=6
64 liters of water
52. Find the number of liters to be drained and replaced. 6 oz of 14 karat gold
55. Find the amount of each grade of tea.
0.25 6
0.25 x $6.50 x
1.00 x $4.25 20 - x
0.33 6 $5.60 20
0.25(6) - 0.25 x + x = 0.33(6) 6.50 x + 4.25(20 - x ) = 5.60 (20)
1.5 + 0.75 x = 1.98 6.50 x + 85 - 4.25 x = 112
0.75 x = 0.48 2.25 x + 85 = 112
x = 0.64 2.25 x = 27
0.64 liter of water should be replaced. x = 12 lbs of $6.50 grade
20 - x = 8 lbs of $4.25 grade
66 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
56. Find the number of ounces of pure gold. 60. Find the number of pounds of each kind of silver alloy.
$850 x $6.50 x
$500 25 $8.00 20 - x
$725 x + 25 $7.40 20

850 x + 500 (25) = 725( x + 25) 6.50 x + 8.00 (20 - x ) = 7.40 (20)
850 x + 12,500 = 725 x + 18,125 6.5 x + 160 - 8 x = 148
125 x = 5625 -1.5 x = -12
x = 45 oz of pure gold x = 8 oz of $6.50 silver alloy
57. Find the number of pounds of each. 20 - x = 12 oz of $8.00 silver alloy

$6 x 61. Find the time working together.

$3 25 - x Let t = the time it takes both electricians working
$3.84 25
together to wire the house.
6 x + 3(25 - x ) = 3.84 (25) The first electrician does 1 of the job every hour.
6 x + 75 - 3x = 96 14
3x = 21 The second electrician does 1 of the job every hour.
x = 7 lbs of cranberries 18
25 - x = 18 lb of granola 1 t + 1 t =1
14 18
58. Find the amount for each coffee. é1 ù
126 ê t + 1 t ú = 126 ⋅1
$12 x ë14 18 û
9t + 7t = 126
$9 20 - x
16t = 126
$10 20
t = 7 7 hours
12 x + 9(20 - x ) = 10(20) 8
12 x + 180 - 9 x = 200 62. Find the time working together.
3x = 20 Let t = the time it takes them working together to print
x=62 the report.
3
Printer A does 1 of the job every hour.
6 2 lb of $12 coffee 3
3
Printer B does 1 of the job every hour.
20 - 6 2 = 13 1 lb of $9 coffee 4
3 3
1 t + 1 t =1
59. Find the number of pounds of each kind of coffee. 3 4
$8 x é1 ù
12 ê t + 1 t ú = 12 ⋅1
$4 50 - x ë 3 4 û
$5.50 50 4t + 3t = 12
7t = 12
8 x + 4 (50 - x ) = 5.50 (50)
8 x + 200 - 4 x = 275 t = 1 5 hours
7
4 x = 75
x = 18.75 lb of $8 coffee
50 - x = 31.25 lb of $4 coffee
 Section 1.2 67
63. Find the time working together. 66. Find the time for the apprentice.
Let t = the time it takes both painters working together Let t = the time it takes the apprentice to finish the job.
to paint the kitchen. The mason does 1 of the job every hour.
12
The painter can paint 1 of the kitchen every hour.
10 The apprentice does 1 of the job every hour.
16
The apprentice can paint 1 of the kitchen every hour.
15 The two people work together for 4 hours:
1 t + 1 t =1
10 15 (
4 1 + 1 = 7
12 16 12 )
é1 ù
30 ê t + 1 t ú = 30 ⋅1 7 + 1 t =1
ë10 15 û
12 16
3t + 2t = 30
1 t= 5
5t = 30 16 12
t = 6 hours t = 6 2 hours
3
64. Find the time.
67. Find the percent salt concentration.
Let t = the time it takes to deposit enough snow to open
8 kg of 30% salt has a weight of 8(0.30) = 2.4 kg
the beginning trail.
8(0.30) = 2.4 kg salt
The snow making machine does 1 of the job every hr.
16
8(0.70) = 5.6 kg water
The natural snow fall does 1 of the job every hour. After 2 kg of water evaporates, the solution has
24
1 t + 1 t =1 2.4 kg salt and 3.6 kg water, for a total weight of 6 kg.
16 24
é1 ù New solution: 2.4 = 40% salt and 3.6 = 60% water.
48 ê t + 1 t ú = 48 ⋅1 6 6
ë16 24 û
3t + 2t = 48 Finally, 2 kg of 30% salt solution is added to 6 kg.
5t = 48 2(0.30) = 0.6 kg salt

t = 9 3 hours The solution has a total weight of 8 kg. The weight of

5
salt is 2.4 kg + 0.6 kg = 3 kg. The percent salt
65. Find the time for the older machine.
Let t = time it takes the older machine to finish the job. concentration is 3 = 37.5%.
8
The new machine does 1 of the job every hour. 68. Find the weight of the solution.
12
The 10 lb solution is 99% water, so the water weighs
The old machine does 1 of the job every hour.
16 10(0.99) = 9.9 lb

12 ( )
The new machine works for 4 hours: 4 1 = 1 .
3
The 10 lb solution is 1% sugar, so the sugar weighs
10(0.01) = 0.1 lb
The old machine completes the job.
After some water evaporates, the solution is 98% water
1 + 1 t =1
3 16 and 2% sugar. The weight of sugar has not changed.
1 t=2 The weight of the new solution is
16 3
0.1 lb = 5 lb .
t = 10 2 hours 0.02
3
68 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
69. Find the distance. 3. Complete the square.

( 12 ⋅12)
To Jon's house rate time distance 2
a. = 36
d2
Up 4 d2
4
( 12 ⋅ 9)
2
d1 b. = 81
Level 6 d1 4
6
d2 4. State the first step to solve 4 x 2 + 6 x -1 = 0 by
Down 12 d2
12
completing the square.
d 2 d1 d1 d 2
+ + + =1 Divide each side by 4.
4 6 6 12
æd d d d ö 5. State the quadratic formula. Identify the discriminant.
12 çç 2 + 1 + 1 + 2 ÷÷÷ = 12 (1)
è4 6 6 12 ø 2
3d 2 + 2d1 + 2d1 + d 2 = 12 x = -b  b - 4ac ; b 2 - 4ac is the discriminant.
2a
4d1 + 4d 2 = 12
6. State each solution and approximate.
4 (d1 + d 2 ) = 12
d1 + d 2 = 3 -5 - 2 » -6.4
The distance is 3 mi. -5 + 2 » -3.6
Prepare for Section 1.3 7. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle.
P1. Factor.
x 2 - 2 x -15 = 0
x 2 - x - 42 = ( x + 6)( x - 7) ( x + 3)( x - 5) = 0

P2. Factor. x+3= 0 or x -5 = 0

x = -3 x =5
6 x 2 - x -15 = (2 x + 3)(3x - 5)
8. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle.
P3. Write in a + bi form.
x 2 + 3x -10 = 0
3 + -16 = 3 + 4i
( x + 5)( x - 2) = 0
P4. Evaluate.
x +5 = 0 or x-2 = 0
-(-2) - (-2)2 - 4(-3)(5) 2 - 64 x = -5 x=2
= =1
2(-3) -6
9. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle.
P5. Evaluate.
2 x2 - x = 1
-(-3) + (-3)2 - 4(2)(1) 3 + 1 2 x 2 - x -1 = 0
= =1
2(2) 4
(2 x + 1)( x -1) = 0
P6. Evaluate.
2 x +1 = 0 or x -1 = 0
(3 - i )2 - 6(3 - i ) + 10 = 9 - 6i + i 2 -18 + 6i + 10 2x = -1 x =1
=0
x =-1
2
Section 1.3 Exercises
1. From the equation ( x - 8)( x + 5) = 0, the zero product
property says either x – 8 = 0 or x + 5 = 0.
2. Simplify.

( x - 3) 2 =| x - 3 |
 Section 1.3 69
10. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle. 15. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle.

2 x 2 + 5x = 3 3x 2 + x -1 = (2 x + 9)( x -1)
2 x 2 + 5x - 3 = 0 3 x 2 + x -1 = 2 x 2 + 7 x - 9
(2 x -1)( x + 3) = 0 x2 - 6 x + 8 = 0
2 x -1 = 0 or x+3= 0 ( x - 2)( x - 4) = 0
2x = 1 x = -3 x - 2 = 0 or x-4 = 0
x=1 x=2 x=4
2
16. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle.
11. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle.
(2 x - 5)( x + 4) = ( x + 4)( x - 2)
8 x 2 + 189 x - 72 = 0
2 x 2 + 3x - 20 = x 2 + 2 x - 8
(8 x - 3)( x + 24) = 0
x 2 + x -12 = 0
8 x - 3 = 0 or x+2 = 0 ( x + 4)( x - 3) = 0
8x = 3 x = -24
x+4= 0 or x -3 = 0
x=3 x = -4 x=3
8
12. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle. 17. Solve by the square root procedure.

12 x 2 - 41x + 24 = 0 y 2 = 24
(4 x - 3)(3x - 8) = 0 y =  24
4 x - 3 = 0 or 3x - 8 = 0 y = 2 6
4x = 3 3x = 8 18. Solve by the square root procedure.
x= 3 x=8 y 2 = 48
4 3
13. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle. y =  48

( x - 3)( x + 4) = 8 y = 4 3

x 2 + x -12 = 8 19. Solve by the square root procedure.

x 2 + x - 20 = 0 z 2 = -16
( x + 5)( x - 4) = 0 z =  -16
x +5 = 0 or x-4 = 0 z =  4i
x = -5 x=4 20. Solve by the square root procedure.
14. Solve: factor and apply the zero product principle. z 2 = -100
(2 x + 1)( x - 3) = 9 z =  -100
2 x2 - 5x - 3 = 9 z = 10i
2
2 x - 5 x -12 = 0
(2 x + 3)( x - 4) = 0

2x + 3 = 0 or x-4 = 0
2 x = -3 x=4
x =-3
2
70 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
21. Solve by the square root procedure. 26. Solve by the square root procedure.

( x - 5)2 = 36 ( z + 1)2 + 64 = 0
x - 5 =  36 ( z + 1)2 = -64
x -5 = 6 z + 1 =  -64
x = 5 6 z + 1 = 8i
x = 5 + 6 or x = 5- 6 z = -1  8i
x = 11 x = -1 z = -1 + 8i or z = -1- 8i
22. Solve by the square root procedure. 27. Solve by the square root procedure.
( x + 4)2 = 121 ( y - 6)2 - 4 = 14
x + 4 =  121
( y - 6)2 = 18
x + 4 = 11
y - 6 =  18
x = -4  11
y - 6 = 3 2
x = -4 + 11 or x = -4 -11
y = 63 2
x=7 x = -15
23. Solve by the square root procedure. y = 6 + 3 2 or y = 6 - 3 2

( x + 2)2 = 27 28. Solve by the square root procedure.

x + 2 =  27 ( y + 2)2 + 5 = 15
x + 2 = 3 3 ( y + 2)2 = 10
x = -2  3 3 y + 2 =  10
x = -2 + 3 3 or x = -2 - 3 3 y = -2  10
24. Solve by the square root procedure. y = -2 + 10 or y = -2 - 10
2
( x - 3) = 8 29. Solve by the square root procedure.
x -3 =  8 2
5( x + 6) + 60 = 0
x - 3 = 2 2 2
5( x + 6) = -60
x = 3 2 2
( x + 6)2 = -12
x = 3 + 2 2 or x = 3 - 2 2 x + 6 =  -12
25. Solve by the square root procedure. x + 6 = 2i 3
2
( z - 4) + 25 = 0 x = -6  2i 3
2
( z - 4) = -25 x = -6 + 2i 3 or x = -6 - 2i 3
z - 4 =  -25
z - 4 = 5i
z = 4  5i
z = 4 + 5i or z = 4 - 5i
 Section 1.3 71
30. Solve by the square root procedure. 33. Solve by the square root procedure.

( x + 2)2 + 28 = 0 2
4 ( x - 2) + 15 = 0
( x + 2)2 = -28 2
4 ( x - 2) = -15
x + 2 =  -28 ( x - 2)2 = - 15
4
x + 2 =  2i 7
x = -2  2i 7 x - 2 =  - 15
4
x = -2 + 2i 7 or x = -2 - 2i 7 x - 2 =  i 15
2
31. Solve by the square root procedure.
x = 2  15 = 4  i 15
i
2
2 ( x + 4) = 9 2 2

( x + 4)2 = 9 x = 4 + i 15 or x = 4 - i 15
2 2 2
x+4 = 9 34. Solve by the square root procedure.
2
2
6 ( x + 5) + 21 = 0
x+4 = 9 ⋅ 2
2 2 2
6 ( x + 5) = -21
x+4 =3 2 ( x + 5)2 = - 7
2 2
x = -4  3 2 = -8  3 2 x+5 =  -7
2 2 2

x = -8 + 3 2 or x = -8 - 3 2 x+5 =  i 7 ⋅ 2
2 2 2 2
32. Solve by the square root procedure.
x + 5 =  i 14
2
2
3( x - 2) = 20
x = -5  i 14 = -10  i 14
( x - 2)2 = 20 2 2
3
x - 2 =  20 x = -10 + i 14 or x = -10 - i 14
3 2 2
35. Solve by completing the square.
x-2 =  2 5 ⋅ 3
3 3
x 2 - 2 x -15 = 0
x - 2 =  2 15 x 2 - 2 x + 1 = 15 + 1
3
( x -1)2 = 16
x = 2  15 = 6  2 15
2
3 3 x -1 =  16
x = 1 4
x = 6 + 2 15 or x = 6 - 2 15
3 3
x = 1 + 4 or x = 1- 4
x=5 x = -3
72 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
36. Solve by completing the square. 39. Solve by completing the square.

x2 + 2 x - 8 = 0 x2 + 6 x +1 = 0
x2 + 2 x +1 = 8 +1 x 2 + 6 x + 9 = -1 + 9
( x + 1)2 = 9 ( x + 3)2 = 8
x +1 =  9 x+3= 8
x = -1  3 x = -3  2 2
x = -1 + 3 or x = -1- 3
x = -3 + 2 2 or x = -3 - 2 2
x=2 x = -4
40. Solve by completing the square.
37. Solve by completing the square.
x 2 + 8 x -10 = 0
2
2 x - 5 x -12 = 0
x 2 + 8 x + 16 = 10 + 16
2 x 2 - 5 x = 12
( x + 4)2 = 26
x -5 x=62
x + 4 =  26
2
x - x + 25 = 6 + 25
2 5 x = -4  26
2 16 16
x = -4 + 26 or x = -4 - 26
( x - 45 )
2
= 121
16 41. Solve by completing the square.
x - 5 =  121 x 2 + 3 x -1 = 0
4 16
x =  11
5 x 2 + 3x + 9 = 1 + 9
4 4 4 4

( x + 23 )
2
x = 5 + 11 or x = 5 - 11 = 13
4 4 4 4 4

x=4 x =-3 x + 3 =  13
2 2 4
38. Solve by completing the square. x = - 3  13 = -3  13
2 2 2
3x 2 - 5 x - 2 = 0
3x 2 - 5 x = 2 x = -3 + 13 or x = -3 - 13
2 2
x2 - 5 x = 2 42. Solve by completing the square.
3 3
x - x + = + 25
2 5 25 2 x2 + 7 x - 2 = 0
3 36 3 36
x 2 + 7 x + 49 = 2 + 49
( )
2
x- 5 = 49 4 4
6 36
( x + 72 )
2
= 57
x - 5 =  49 4
6 36
x + 7 =  57
x= 7
5 2 4
6 6
x = - 7  57 = -7  57
x= 5+7 or x = 5-7 2 2 2
6 6 6 6
x=2 x =-1 x = -7 + 57 or x = -7 - 57
3 2 2
 Section 1.3 73
43. Solve by completing the square. 47. Solve by completing the square.

3x 2 - 8 x = -1 4 x2 + 4 x + 2 = 0
x2 - 8 x = - 1 4 x 2 + 4 x = -2
3 3
x2 + x = - 1
x - x + = - + 16
2 8 16 1 2
3 9 3 9
x + x+ =- + 1
2 1 1
( )
2
x- 4 = 13 4 2 4

( )
3 9 2
x+ 1 =-1
x - 4 =  13 2 4
3 9
x+ = -1
1
x =  13 = 4  13
4 2 4
3 3 3 x = -  1 i or -1  i
1
2 2 2
x = 4 + 13 or x = 4 - 13
3 3 x = -1 + i or x = -1- i
2 2
44. Solve by completing the square.
48. Solve by completing the square.
2 x 2 + 10 x - 3 = 0
9 x 2 + 12 x + 5 = 0
2 x 2 + 10 x = 3
9 x 2 + 12 x = -5
x 2 + 5x = 3
2
x2 + 4 x = - 5
x + 5 x + = 3 + 25
2 25 3 9
4 2 4
x + x+ =-5+ 4
2 4 4
( )
2
x+ 5 = 31 3 9 9 9
2 4
( x + 23 )
2
=-1
x + =  31
5 9
2 4
x+ 2 = -1
x = - 5  31 = -5  31 3 9
2 2 2
x = - 2  1 i or -2  i
3 3 3
x = -5 + 31 or x = -5 - 31
2 2
x = -2 + i or x = -2 - i
45. Solve by completing the square. 3 3

x2 + 4 x + 5 = 0 49. Solve by completing the square.

x 2 + 4 x + 4 = -5 + 4 3x 2 + 2 x + 1 = 0
( x + 2)2 = -1 3x 2 + 2 x = -1
x + 2 =  -1
x + 2 = i x2 + 2 x = - 1
3 3
x = -2  i
x + 2 x + 1 = -1 + 1
2

x = -2 - i or x = -2 + i 3 9 3 9

( x + 13)
2
46. Solve by completing the square. =-2
9
x 2 - 6 x + 10 = 0 x+1 = -2
2
x - 6 x + 9 = -10 + 9 3 9
( x - 3)2 = -1 x = - 1  2 i or -1  i 2
3 3 3
x - 3 =  -1
x = 3 i x = -1 + i 2 or x = -1- i 2
3 3
x = 3+ i or x = 3- i
74 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
50. Solve by completing the square. 53. Solve by using the quadratic formula.

4 x 2 - 4 x + 15 = 0 12 x 2 -11x -15 = 0, a = 12, b = -11, c = -15

4 x 2 - 4 x = -15 2
x = -b  b - 4ac
x 2 - x = - 15 2a
4
-(-11)  (-11)2 - 4(12)(-15)
x -x+ =- + 1
2 1 15 x=
4 4 4 2(12)

( )
2
x- 1 = - 14 x=
11  121 + 720 11  841
=
2 4 24 24
x - 1 =  - 14 x= 11  29
2 4 24

x = 1  i 14 x = + 29 = 40 = 5 or x = 11- 29 = -18 = - 3
11
2 2 24 24 3 24 24 4

x = 5 or x = - 3
x = 1 + 14 i or x = 1 - 14 i 3 4
2 2 2 2
54. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
51. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
10 x 2 + 19 x -15 = 0, a = 10, b = 19, c = -15
x 2 - 2 x -15 = 0, a = 1, b = -2, c = -15
2
2 x = -b  b - 4ac
x = -b  b - 4ac 2a
2a
-19  (19)2 - 4(10)(-15)
-(-2)  (-2)2 - 4(1)(-15) x=
x= 2(10)
2(1)
-19  361 + 600 -19  961
2  4 + 60 2  64 x= =
x= = 20 20
2 2
x= -19  31
x= 2  8 20
2
x= 2 + 8 = 10 = 5 or x = 2 - 8 = -6 = -3 x = -19 + 31 or x = -19 - 31
2 2 2 2 20 20
x = 5 or x = -3 x= 3 x =- 5
5 2
52. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
55. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
2
x - 5 x - 24 = 0
x2 - 2 x = 2
-(-5)  (-5)2 - 4(1)(-24) x 2 - 2 x - 2 = 0, a = 1, b = -2, c = -2
x=
2(1)
2
x=
5  25 + 96 5  121
= x = -b  b - 4ac
2 2 2a
2
x= 5  11 -(-2)  (-2) - 4(1)(-2)
2 x=
2(1)
x= 5 + 11 = 16 = 8 or x = 5 -11 = -6 = -3
2 2 2 2 2  4 + 8 2  12
x= =
2 2
x = 8 or x = –3
x = 2  2 3 = 1 3
2

x = 1 + 3 or x = 1- 3
 Section 1.3 75
56. Solve by using the quadratic formula. 59. Solve by using the quadratic formula.

x 2 + 4 x -1 = 0, a = 1, b = 4, c = -1 4 x 2 = 41- 8 x
2 4 x 2 + 8 x - 41 = 0, a = 4, b = 8, c = -41
x = -b  b - 4ac
2a
-8  82 - 4(4)(-41)
-4  42 - 4(1)(-1) x=
x= 2(4)
2(1)
-8  64 + 656 -8  720
x= =
-4  16 + 4 -4  20 8 8
x= =
2 2
x = -8  12 5 = -2  3 5
x = -4  2 5 = -2  5 8 2
2
x = -2 + 3 5 or x = -2 - 3 5
x = -2 + 5 or x = -2 - 5 2 2
60. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
57. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
2 x = 9 - 3x 2
x 2 = -x + 1
3x 2 + 2 x - 9 = 0, a = 3, b = 2, c = -9
x 2 + x -1 = 0, a = 1, b = 1, c = -1
-2  22 - 4(3)(-9)
-1  12 - 4(1)(-1) x=
x= 2(3)
2(1)
-2  4 + 108 -2  112 -1  2 7
-1  1 + 4 -1  5 x= = =
x= = 6 6 3
2 2 -1 + 2 7 - 1 - 2 7
x= or x =
3 3
x = -1 + 5 or x = -1- 5
2 2 61. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
58. Solve by using the quadratic formula. 1 x 2 + 3 x -1 = 0
2 4
2 x2 + 4 x = 1
2 x 2 + 4 x -1 = 0, a = 2, b = 4, c = -1
(
2 4 )
4 1 x 2 + 3 x -1 = 4(0)

2 x 2 + 3x - 4 = 0
2
-4  4 - 4(2)(-1)
x=
2(2) -3  32 - 4(2)(-4)
x=
-4  16 + 8 -4  24 2(2)
x= =
4 4 -3  9 + 32
x=
4
x = -4  2 6 = -2  6
4 2
x = -3  41
4
x = -2 + 6 or x = -2 - 6
2 2 x = -3 + 41 or x = -3 - 41
4 4
76 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
62. Solve by using the quadratic formula. 65. Solve by using the quadratic formula.

x 2 + 5 x - 19 = 0 2 x 2 = 2 x -13
2 8
2 x 2 - 2 x + 13 = 0, a = 1, b = -2, c = 13
( 2
8 x + - 5
2
x 19
8) = 8(0)
2
8 x 2 + 20 x -19 = 0, a = 8, b = 20, c = -19 -(-2)  (-2) - 4(2)(13)
x=
2(2)
-20  202 - 4(8)(-19)
x= x = 2  4 -104 = 2  -100
2(8) 4 4
x= 2  10 i = 1  5i
-20  400 + 608
x= 4 2
16
x= 1 - 5i or x = 1 + 5i
x = -20  1008 2 2
16
66. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
= -20  12 7 = -5  3 7
16 4 9 x 2 - 24 x + 20 = 0, a = 9, b = -24, c = 20
x = -5 + 3 7 or x = -5 - 3 7
4 4 2
-(-24)  (-24) - 4(9)(20)
x=
63. Solve by using the quadratic formula. 2(9)

x 2 + 6 x + 13 = 0, a = 1, b = 6, c = 13 x = 24  576 - 720 = 24  -144

18 18
24  12i 4  2i
-6  62 - 4(1)(13) x= =
x= 18 3
2(1)
x= 4 - 2i or x = 4 + 2i
x = -6  36 - 52 = -6  -16
3 3
2 2
67. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
x= -6  4 i = -3  2i
2 x 2 + 2 x + 29 = 0, a = 1, b = 2, c = 29
x = -3 - 2i or x = -3 + 2i
64. Solve by using the quadratic formula. -2  22 - 4(1)(29)
x=
2(1)
x 2 = 2 x - 26
x = -2  4 -116 = -2  -112
x 2 - 2 x + 26 = 0, a = 1, b = -2, c = 26 2 2
x= -2  4i 7 = -1  2i 7
2
-(-2)  (-2) - 4(1)(26) 2
x=
2(1) x = -1- 2i 7 or x = -1 + 2i 7
x = 2  4 -104 = 2  -100 68. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
2 2
x = 2  10i = 1  5i x 2 + 6 x + 21 = 0, a = 1, b = 6, c = 21
2
x = 1- 5i or x = 1 + 5i -6  62 - 4(1)(21)
x=
2(1)

x = -6  36 - 84 = -6  -48
2 2
x = -6  4i 3 = -3  2i 3
2
x = -3 - 2i 3 or x = -3 + 2i 3
 Section 1.3 77
69. Solve by using the quadratic formula. b 2 - 4ac = (3) 2 - 4(1)(3)
4 x 2 + 4 x + 13 = 0, a = 4, b = 4, c = 13 = 9 -12 = -3 < 0
No real solutions
-4  42 - 4(4)(13)
x= 75. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real
2(4)
solutions. x 2 - 20 x + 100 = 0
x = -4  16 - 208 = -4  -192
8 8
b2 - 4ac = (-20)2 - 4(1)(100)
x = -4  8i 3 = -1  2i 3 = 400 - 400 = 0
8 2
x = -1- 2i 3 or x = -1 + 2i 3 One real solution
2 2
76. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real
70. Solve by using the quadratic formula.
solutions. 4 x 2 + 12 x + 9 = 0
2
9 x = 12 x - 49
2 b2 - 4ac = (12)2 - 4(4)(9)
9 x -12 x + 49 = 0, a = 9, b = -12, c = 49
= 144 -144 = 0
2
-(-12)  (-12) - 4(9)(49) One real solution
x=
2(9) 77. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real
x = 12  144 -1764 = 12  -1620 solutions.
18 18
24 x 2 + 10 x - 21 = 0
x = 12  18i 5 = 2  3i 5
18 3
b 2 - 4ac = (10) 2 - 4(24)(-21)
x= 2 - 3i 5 or x = 2 + 3i 5
3 3 = 100 + 2016 = 2116 > 0

71. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real Two real solutions
78. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real
solutions. 2 x 2 - 5 x - 7 = 0
solutions. 32 x 2 - 44 x + 15 = 0
b 2 - 4ac = (-5) 2 - 4(2)(-7)
= 25 + 56 = 81 > 0 b 2 - 4ac = (-44) 2 - 4(32)(15)
Two real solutions = 1936 -1920 = 16 > 0

72. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real Two real solutions
79. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real
solutions. x 2 + 3x -11 = 0
solutions. 12 x 2 + 15 x + 7 = 0
b 2 - 4ac = (3) 2 - 4(1)(-11)
= 9 + 44 = 53 > 0 b 2 - 4ac = (15) 2 - 4(12)(7)
Two real solutions = 225 - 336 = -111 < 0

73. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real No real solutions
80. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real
solutions. 3x 2 - 2 x + 10 = 0
solutions. 8 x 2 - 5 x + 3 = 0
b 2 - 4ac = (-2) 2 - 4(3)(10)
= 4 -120 = -116 < 0 b 2 - 4ac = (-5) 2 - 4(8)(3)
No real solutions = 25 - 96 = -71 < 0

74. Determine the discriminant, state the number of real No real solutions

solutions. x 2 + 3x + 3 = 0
78 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
81. Find the distance from the left side. Round to the 84. Find the altitude of the triangle. Round to the nearest
nearest tenth of a foot. tenth of an inch .

h = 0.045 x 2 -1.33 x + 20
11 = 0.045 x 2 -1.33x + 20 12 12

0 = 0.045 x 2 -1.33 x + 9
a = 0.045, b = -1.33, c = 9 6 6

a 2 + 62 = 122
1.33  (-1.33) 2 - 4(0.045)(9)
x= a 2 = 144 - 36
2(0.045)
d = 108
= 1.33  0.1489 » 1.33  0.4
0.09 0.09 d » 10.4 in.

x = 1.33 + 0.4 or x = 1.33 - 0.4 85. Find the distance.

0.09 0.09
x » 19.1 ft x » 10.5 ft h = -0.0114 x 2 + 1.732 x

The suspension cable hangs 11 ft above the footbridge 10 = -0.0114 x 2 + 1.732 x

10.5 ft and 19.1 ft from the left side of the bridge. 0 = -0.0114 x 2 + 1.732 x -10
a = -0.0114, b = 1.732, c = -10
82. Find the distance.

a 2 + b2 = c 2 -1.732  1.7322 - 4 (-0.0114)(-10)

x=
2 (-0.0114)
(90)2 + (90)2 = c 2
16, 200 = c 2 x = -1.732  2.999824 - 0.456
-0.0228
127.3 = c
x = -1.732  2.543824
The distance is about 127.3 ft. -0.0228
83. Find the depth of the water. Round to the nearest tenth x= -1.732 + 2.543824 » 6.0
-0.0228
of a foot.
x = -1.732 - 2.543824 » 145.9
-0.0228
V = 32d 2 + 32d
Since x = 6.0 ft is not realistic, it is not a solution.
850 = 32d 2 + 32d
0 = 32d 2 + 32d - 850 1 yd
Convert from feet to yards: 145.9 ft ⋅ » 48.6 yd
3 ft
0 = 2(16d 2 + 16d - 425)
The kicker can be up to 48.6 yd from the goalpost.
a = 16, b = 16 c = -425
86. Find the number of books.
-16  162 - 4(16)(-425)
x= 250,000 = 40,000 + 20 x + 0.0001x 2
2(16)
0 = 0.0001x 2 + 20 x - 210, 000
-16  27, 456 -16  165.7
= » a = 0.0001, b = 20, c = -210,000
32 32

x = -16 + 165.7 or x = -16 -165.7 -20  202 - 4(0.0001)(-210,000)

32 32 x=
2(0.0001)
= 149.7 » 4.7 = - 181.7 » -5.7
32 32 = -20  484 = -20 + 22 = 10,000 books
0.0002 0.0002
The depth is 4.7 ft.
(Reject negative x-value; x must be positive.)
(Reject negative x-value; x must be positive.)
 Section 1.3 79
87. Find the number of items sold. w - 32 = 0 or w -12 = 0
R = xp w = 32 w = 12
16,500 = x (26 - 0.01x ) 132 - 3w = 132 - 3(32) 132 - 3w = 132 - 3(12)
2 2 2 2
16,500 = 26 x - 0.01x 2
= 18 = 48
0 = -0.01x 2 + 26 x -16,500
The region is either 32 feet wide and 18 feet long,
a = -0.01, b = 26, c = -16,500
or 12 feet wide and 48 feet long.
2
-26  26 - 4(-0.01)(-16,500) 90. Find the dimensions of the cardboard.
x=
2(-0.01) Let x = side of cardboard.
= -26  16 = -26  4 Then (x – 6) = length of box.
-0.02 -0.02
Volume = (length)(width)(height)
x = -26 + 4 = 1100 or x = -26 - 4 = 1500 126.75 = ( x - 6)( x - 6)(3)
-0.02 -0.02
1100 or 1500 items must be sold. 126.75 = ( x 2 -12 x + 36)(3)

88. a. Find the surface area. 126.75 = 3x 2 - 36 x + 108

0 = 3x 2 - 36 x -18.75
Evaluate A = 0.72(1.28)h 2 with h = 7.
a = 3, b = -36, c = -18.75
A = 0.72(1.28)(7) 2
-(-36)  (-36)2 - 4(3)(-18.75)
» 45.2 square inches x=
2(3)
The surface area is about 45.2 square inches.
= 36  1521 = 36  39
b. Find the height. 6 6

Solve A = 0.72(1.28)h 2 for h with A = 92. x = 36 + 39 = 75 or x = 36 - 39 = -3

6 6 6 6
92 = 0.72(1.28)h 2 = 12.5 = -0.5 (no)

92 = 0.9216h 2 Since length cannot be a negative number, each side of

99.82639 » h 2 the cardboard is 12.5 inches.

h » 99.82639 91. Find the distances.

» 10.0 inches Solve D = -45 x 2 + 190 x + 200 for x with D = 250.
The height is about 10.0 inches.
250 = -45 x 2 + 190 x + 200
89. Find the dimensions.
0 = -45 x 2 + 190 x - 50
Let w = width of region
a = -45, b = 190, c = -50
Then 132 - 3w = length. -190  1902 - 4(-45)(-50)
2 x=
2(-45)
Area = length(width)
576 = 132 - 3w ⋅ w = -190  27100 » -190  164.2
2 -90 -90

1152 = 132 w - 3w2 x » -190 + 164.2 or x » -190 -164.2

-90 -90
3w2 -132 w + 1152 = 0
» 0.3 mile » 3.9 miles
3( w2 - 44 w + 384) = 0
w2 - 44 w + 384 = 0
( w - 32)( w -12) = 0
80 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
92. Find the times.
-220  2202 - 4(-16)(-350)
t=
Solve N = -5t 2 + 80t - 280 for t with N = 35. 2(-16)

35 = -5t 2 + 80t - 280 = -220  26000 » -220  161.245

-32 -32
0 = -5t 2 + 80t - 315
t » -220 + 161.245 or t » -220 -161.245
0 = -5(t 2 -16t + 63) -32 -32
0 = -5(t - 7)(t - 9) » 1.8 seconds » 11.9 seconds

t -7 = 0 or t -9 = 0 96. Find the time.

t = 7 A.M. t = 9 A.M. When the ball hits the ground, the height is 0.
93. Find the time in the air. Solve h = -16t 2 + 52t + 4.5 for t where h = 0.
Solve h = -16t 2 + 25.3t + 20 for t where h = 17. 0 = -16t 2 + 52t + 4.5
a = -16, b = 52, c = 4.5
17 = -16t 2 + 25.3t + 20
0 = -16t 2 + 25.3t + 3 -52  522 - 4(-16)(4.5) -52  2992
t= =
2(-16) -32
-25.3  (25.3)2 - 4(-16)(3) -25.3  832.09
t= = t » -52  54.699 reject the negative value
2(-16) -32 -32

t = 1.7 or t = –0.11 t » -52 - 54.699 » -106.699

-32 -32
He was in the air for 1.7 s. » 3.3 seconds
94. Find the dimensions. 97. Determine whether the baseball will clear the fence.
Original candy bar Solve s = 103.9t for t where s = 360 to find the time it
lwh = V takes the ball to reach the fence.
5 ⋅ 2 ⋅ 0.5 = 5 cubic inches 360 = 103.9t
80%(5) = 0.80(5) = 4 cubic inches t » 3.465 seconds
Let w represent the width. Next, evaluate h = -16t 2 + 50t + 4.5 where t = 3.465
Let 2.5w represent the length. to determine if the ball is at least 10 feet in the air when
lwh = V it reaches the fence.
2.5w( w)(0.5) = 4
h = -16(3.465)2 + 50(3.465) + 4.5
1.25w2 = 4
h » -14.3
w2 = 3.2
No, the ball will not clear the fence.
w =  3.2 reject the negative value
98. Find the hang time.
w » 1.8 in.
The dimensions are 1.8 in. by 4.5 in. by 0.5 in. Solve s = -16t 2 + 26.6t for t where s = 0.

95. Find the times. 0 = -16t 2 + 26.6t

0 = t (-16t + 26.6)
Solve h = -16t 2 + 220t for t where h = 350.
t=0 or -16t + 26.6 = 0
350 = -16t 2 + 220t
t » 1.7 seconds
0 = -16t 2 + 220t - 350
The hang time is about 1.7 seconds.
a = -16, b = 220, c = -350
 Section 1.3 81
99. Find the year.
x » 9.417 + 11.759 or x » 9.417 -11.759
0.6906 0.6906
Solve M = 0.0001t 2 + 0.16t + 4.34 for t where M = 10. » 30.663 » -3.39 (not in the future)
10 = 0.0001t 2 + 0.16t + 4.34 There will be more than 200,000 centenarians living in
2
0 = 0.0001t + 0.16t - 5.66 the US in about 31 years from 2000, or 2031.
a = 0.0001, b = 0.16, c = -5.66 102. Find the maximum speed.

-0.16  0.162 - 4(0.0001)(-5.66) Solve N = -0.015v 2 + 3v for v where N = 100.

t=
2(0.0001)
100 = -0.015v 2 + 3v
= -0.16  0.027864 0 = -0.015v 2 + 3v -100
0.0002
- 0.16  0.166925 a = -0.015, b = 3, c = -100
=
0.0002
= -0.16 + 0.166925 reject the negative value -3  32 - 4(-0.015)(-100)
0.0002 v=
2(-0.015)
» 34.5 years from 2000, or 2034
= -3  9 - 6
100. Find the year. -0.03

Solve D = 0.40 x 2 - 8.81x + 49.25 for x, = -3  3

-0.03
where D = 25.
v = -3 + 3 v = -3 - 3
2
25 = 0.40 x - 8.81x + 49.25 -0.03 -0.03
» 42 miles per hour » 158 (not 0 £ v £ 90)
0 = 0.40 x 2 - 8.81x + 24.25
a = 0.40, b = -8.81, c = 24.25 103. Verify the discriminant is the same for both definitions.
a. coefficient definition:
-(-8.81)  (-8.81)2 - 4(0.40)(24.25)
x=
2(0.40) x2 - x - 6 = 0
a = 1, b = -1, c = -6
= 8.81  38.8161 » 8.81  6.23
0.8 0.8 b 2 - 4ac = (-1) 2 - 4(1)(-6) = 25
x » 8.81 + 6.23 or x » 8.81- 6.23 roots definition:
0.8 0.8
» 18.8 » 3.225 (not greater than 16) x2 - x - 6 = 0
The year that mobile data traffic will first exceed 25 ( x + 2)( x - 3) = 0
exabytes is in 19 years, after 2000, which is in 2019. x+2 = 0 or x -3 = 0
101. Find the year. x = -2 x=3

Solve N = 0.3453x 2 - 9.417 x + 164.1 for x, a = 1, r1 = -2, r2 = 3

where N = 200. a 2 (r1 - r2 ) 2 = (1) 2 (-2 - 3) 2 = 25

200 = 0.3453x 2 - 9.417 x + 164.1 b. coefficient definition:

0 = 0.3453x 2 - 9.417 x - 35.9 9 x 2 - 6 x -1 = 0

a = 0.3453, b = -9.417, c = -35.9 a = 9, b = -6, c = -1
-(-9.417)  (-9.417)2 - 4(0.3453)(-35.9) b 2 - 4ac = (-6) 2 - 4(9)(-1) = 72
x=
2(0.3453)

= 9.417  138.265 » 9.417  11.759

0.6906 0.6906
82 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
roots definition: 105. Find the discriminant.

-(-6)  (-6) 2 - 4(9)(-1) x3 - 4 x 2 - 4 x + 16 = 0

x=
2(9) x 2 ( x - 4) - 4( x - 4) = 0

= 6  72 = 6  6 2 ( x 2 - 4)( x - 4) = 0
18 18 ( x + 2)( x - 2)( x - 4) = 0
= 1 2 x+2 = 0 or x - 2 = 0 or x-4 = 0
3
x = -2 x=2 x=4
a = 9, r1 = 1 + 2 , r2 = 1- 2
3 3 a = 1, r1 = -2, r2 = 2, r3 = 4

æ ö2 a 4 (r1 - r2 ) 2 (r1 - r3 ) 2 (r2 - r3 )2

a 2 (r1 - r2 ) 2 = (9) 2 çç1 + 2 - 1- 2 ÷÷÷
è 3 3 ø = 14 (-2 - 2) 2 (-2 - 4) 2 (2 - 4) 2
æ ö2 = (16)(36)(4)
= 81çç1 + 2 -1 + 2 ÷÷÷
è 3 ø = 2304
2
æ ö 106. If the discriminant of a cubic equation is 0, then at
= 81çç 2 2 ÷÷÷ = 81⋅ 8
è 3 ø 9 least two of the roots are equal.
= 72
Mid-Chapter 1 Quiz
c. coefficient definition:
1. Solve.
2
x + 4x + 4 = 0 6 - 4 (2 x + 1) = 5(3 - 2 x )
a = 1, b = 4, c = 4 6 - 8 x - 4 = 15 -10 x
b 2 - 4ac = (4) 2 - 4(1)(4) = 0 2 - 8 x = 15 -10 x
roots definition: 2 x = 13

x2 + 4 x + 4 = 0 x = 13
2
( x + 2)( x + 2) = 0
2. Solve.
x+2 = 0 or x+2= 0 2 x- 1 = x + 3
x = -2 x = -2 3 4 6 2

a = 1, r1 = -2, r2 = -2 ( )
12 2 x - 1 = 12 x + 3
3 4 6 2 ( )
a 2 (r1 - r2 ) 2 = (1) 2 [-2 - (-2)]2 = 0 8 x - 3 = 2 x + 18
6 x = 21
104. Show that the statement is true.
x=7
a 2 (r1 - r2 ) 2 2
æ ö2 3. Solve by factoring.
=a ç 2 ç-
ç b- b 2 - 4ac - -b + b 2 - 4ac ÷÷
è 2a 2a ÷ø
x 2 - 5x = 6
2
æ 2 2 ö÷ x 2 - 5x - 6 = 0
ç-
= a 2 çç b - b - 4ac + b - b - 4ac ÷÷
è 2a ø ( x + 1)( x - 6) = 0
æ ö2 æ ö2
=a ç 2ç
ç -2 b 2 - 4ac ÷÷ = a 2 çç - b 2 - 4ac ÷÷ x = –1 or x = 6
è 2a ø÷ çè a
÷ø
2
= a 2 ⋅ b -24ac
a
= b 2 - 4ac
 Section 1.4 83
4. Solve by completing the square. 1 t + 1 t =1
10 15
x2 + 4 x - 2 = 0
x2 + 4 x = 2
30 (1
10
1
)
t + t = 30 (1)
15
x2 + 4 x + 4 = 2 + 4 3t + 2t = 30
( x + 2)2 = 6 5t = 30
x+2 = 6 t=6
x = -2  6 Working together, it will take 6 hours.
Prepare for Section 1.4
x = -2 - 6 or - 2 + 6
P1. Factor.
5. Solve by quadratic formula.
x 3 -16 x = x ( x 2 -16)
x 2 - 6 x + 12 = 0
= x ( x + 4)( x - 4)
a = 1, b = -6, c = 12
P2. Factor.
-(-6)  (-6)2 - 4(1)(12)
x= x 4 - 36 x 2 = x 2 ( x 2 - 36)
2(1)
= x 2 ( x + 6)( x - 6)
x = 6  -12 = 6  2i 3 = 3  i 3
2 2
P3. Evaluate.
x = 3 - i 3 or x = 3 + i 3 2
82/3 = ( 3 8 ) = 22 = 4
6. Find the time.
P4. Evaluate.
Let x = the number of hours for the cyclist.
3
8( x + 1) = 16 x 163/2 = ( 16 ) = 43 = 64
8 x + 8 = 16 x P5. Multiply.
8 = 8x
2 2
1= x (1 + x - 5 ) = 12 + 2 x - 5 + ( x - 5 )
x +1 = 2 = 1+ 2 x - 5 + x - 5
The cyclist will overtake the runner after 2 hours. = x + 2 x -5 - 4
7. Find the amount of each solution. P6. Multiply.
9% x 2 2
4% 500 - x (2 - x + 3 ) = 22 - 2(2) x + 3 + ( x + 3 )
6% 500 = 4-4 x + 3 + x + 3

0.09 x + 0.04 (500 - x ) = 0.06(500) = x-4 x +3 +7

0.09 x + 20 - 0.04 x = 30 Section 1.4 Exercises
0.05 x = 10
x = 200 1. Write the solutions.
500 - x = 300 Using the principle of zero products,
200 ml of 9% solution and 300 ml of 4% solution. x( x - 3)( x + 2) = 0
8. Find the time working together. x = 0, x = 3, or x = -2
Let t = the number of hours working together. 2. Find the value not in the domain.

For 1 + 3 = x + 1 , 5 is excluded from the domain.

x -5 x -5
84 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
3. Find the expression to clear fractions. 9. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products.

For 1 + 3 = x + 1 , multiply each side by x – 5. x3 - 2 x2 - x + 2 = 0

x -5 x -5
x 2 ( x - 2) - ( x - 2) = 0
4. Find the extraneous solution.
( x - 2)( x 2 -1) = 0
When x = –3,
( x - 2)( x -1)( x + 1) = 0
x+7 -x = 5 x = 2, x = 1, or x = -1
?
-3 + 7 - (-3) = 5 10. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products.
?
2 + 3= 5 4 x3 + 4 x2 - 9 x - 9 = 0
5=5 4 x 2 ( x + 1) - 9( x + 1) = 0
Therefore –3 is not an extraneous solution. ( x + 1)(4 x 2 - 9) = 0
When x = –6, ( x + 1)(2 x + 3)(2 x - 3) = 0

x+7 -x = 5 x = -1, x = - 3 , or x = 3
2 2
?
-6 + 7 - (-6) = 5 11. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products.
?
1+ 6 = 5 x 3 - 3x 2 - 5 x + 15 = 0
7¹5 x 2 ( x - 3) - 5( x - 3) = 0
Therefore –6 is an extraneous solution. ( x - 3)( x 2 - 5) = 0

5. To solve x 2/3 = 9 for x, raise each side to the 3 x - 3 = 0 or x2 - 5 = 0

2
power. x=3 x2 = 5
x = 5
6. To solve rewrite 2 x1/2 + 7 x1/4 - 4 = 0 as
x = 3, x = - 5, x = 5
2u 2 + 7u - 4 = 0 , use the substitution u = x1/4 .
12. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products.
7. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products.
x3 - 4 x2 - 2 x + 8 = 0
x 3 - 25 x = 0
x 2 ( x - 4) - 2( x - 4) = 0
x ( x 2 - 25) = 0
x( x - 5)( x + 5) = 0 ( x - 4)( x 2 - 2) = 0

x = 0, x = 5, or x = -5 x - 4 = 0 or x2 - 2 = 0
8. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products. x=4 x2 = 2
x = 2
x3 - x = 0
x ( x 2 -1) = 0 x = 4, x = - 2, x = 2
x( x -1)( x + 1) = 0 13. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products.
x = 0, x = 1, or x = -1 3x3 + 2 x 2 - 27 x -18 = 0
x 2 (3x + 2) - 9 (3x + 2) = 0
(3x + 2)( x 2 - 9) = 0
(3 x + 2)( x + 3)( x - 3) = 0

x = - 2 , x = -3, x = 3
3
 Section 1.4 85
14. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products. 18. Solve the rational equation.

4 x 3 + 5 x 2 -16 x - 20 = 0 x + 4 + 3 = -2
x-2 x-2
x 2 (4 x + 5) - 4 (4 x + 5) = 0
(4 x + 5)( x 2 - 4) = 0
( ) (
( x - 2) x + 4 + 3 = ( x - 2) -2
x-2 x-2 )
(4 x + 5)( x + 2)( x - 2) = 0 x + 4 + 3( x - 2) = -2
x + 4 + 3x - 6 = -2
x = - 5 , x = -2, x = 2 4 x - 2 = -2
4
4x = 0
15. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products.
x=0
x3 -8 = 0
19. Solve the rational equation.
( x - 2)( x 2 + 2 x + 4) = 0
2 + 9 = 3r
2 r -3 r -3
x = 2, or x + 2 x + 4 = 0

x 2 + 2 x = -4 Use completing the square.

( ) (
( r - 3) 2 + 9 = ( r - 3) 3r
r -3 r -3 )
2( r - 3) + 9 = 3r
x 2 + 2 x + 1 = -4 + 1
2r - 6 + 9 = 3r
( x + 1)2 = -3 2r + 3 = 3r
x + 1 =  -3 2r - 3r = -3
x = -1  i 3 -r = -3
r=3
Thus the solutions are 2, -1 + i 3, -1- i 3 .
No solution because each side is undefined when r = 3.
16. Solve by factoring and using principle of zero products.
20. Solve the rational equation.
x3 + 8 = 0
t +3= 4
2 t -4 t -4
( x + 2)( x - 2 x + 4) = 0

x 2 - 2 x = -4 Use completing the square.

( t -4 )
(t - 4) t + 3 = ( t - 4 ) 4( )
t -4
t + 3(t - 4) = 4
x 2 - 2 x + 1 = -4 + 1
t + 3t -12 = 4
( x -1)2 = -3
4t -12 = 4
x -1 =  -3 4t = 4 + 12
x = 1 i 3 4t = 16
t=4
Thus the solutions are -2, 1 + i 3, 1- i 3 .
No solution because each side is undefined when t = 4.
17. Solve the rational equation.
21. Solve the rational equation.
5 - 2 = 7 x + 18
x+4 x+4 3 = 5
x + 2 2x -7
( x + 4)( 5
x+4 ) x+4(
- 2 = ( x + 4) 7 x + 18 ) 3(2 x - 7) = 5( x + 2)
5 - 2 ( x + 4) = 7 x + 18 6 x - 21 = 5 x + 10
5 - 2 x - 8 = 7 x + 18 6 x - 5 x = 10 + 21
-2 x - 3 = 7 x + 18 x = 31
-9 x = 21
x =-7
3
86 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
22. Solve the rational equation. 25. Solve the rational equation.
4 = 7 5 - 3 = 4
y + 2 y -4 x -3 x -2 x -3
4( y - 4) = 7( y + 2) ( )
( x - 3)( x - 2) 5 - 3 = ( x - 3)( x - 2) 4
x -3 x -2 x -3 ( )
4 y -16 = 7 y + 14 5( x - 2) - 3( x - 3) = 4( x - 2)
4 y - 7 y = 14 + 16 5 x -10 - 3x + 9 = 4 x - 8
-3 y = 30 2 x -1 = 4 x - 8
y = -10 2 x - 4 x = -8 + 1
-2 x = -7
23. Solve the rational equation.
x=7
2
x - 2x + 3 = 2x + 9
x+3 x+3 26. Solve the rational equation.
( ) (
( x + 3) x - 2 x + 3 = ( x + 3) 2 x + 9
x+3 x+3 ) 4 + 7 = 5
x -1 x + 7 x -1
x ( x + 3) -(2 x + 3) = 2 x + 9
x 2 + 3x - 2 x - 3 = 2 x + 9
( )
( x -1)( x + 7) 4 + 7 = ( x -1)( x + 7) 5
x -1 x + 7 x -1 ( )
4( x + 7) + 7( x -1) = 5( x + 7)
x 2 - x -12 = 0
4 x + 28 + 7 x - 7 = 5 x + 35
( x + 3)( x - 4) = 0 11x + 21 = 5 x + 35
x = -3 or x = 4 11x - 5 x = 35 - 21
6 x = 14
4 checks as a solution. –3 is not in the domain and does
x=7
not check as a solution. 3
24. Solve the rational equation. 27. Solve the rational equation.

2 x + 3 = -7 x + 10 x - x + 2 = x -12
x -1 x -1 x + 1 x -1 x +1

(
( x -1) 2 x + 3
x -1) (
= ( x -1) -7 x + 10
x -1 ) ( )
( x + 1)( x -1) x - x + 2 = ( x + 1)( x -1) x -12
x + 1 x -1 x +1 ( )
2 x ( x -1) + 3 = -7 x + 10 ( ) ( )( ) ( )(
x x -1 - x + 1 x + 2 = x -1 x -12 )
x 2 - x - x 2 - 3x - 2 = x 2 -13x + 12
2 x 2 - 2 x + 3 = -7 x + 10
-4 x - 2 = x 2 -13x + 12
2 x 2 + 5x - 7 = 0
0 = x 2 - 9 x + 14
(2 x + 7)( x -1) = 0
0 = ( x - 2)( x - 7)
x = - 7 or x = 1 x = 2 or x = 7
2
28. Solve the rational equation.
- 7 checks as a solution. 1 is not in the domain and
2 2 x +1 - x - 4 =-10 x +13
does not check as a solution. x -3 x + 5 x +5
(
( x -3)( x + 5) 2 x + 1 - x
x -3 x + 5
-
)
4
(
= ( x -3)( x + 5) -10 x +13
x +5 )
( x + 5)(2 x +1)-( x - 3)( x - 4) = ( x -3)(-10 x -13)
2 x 2 +11x + 5- x 2 + 7 x -12 =-10 x 2 +17 x + 39
x 2 +18 x -7 =-10 x 2 +17 x + 39
11x 2 + x - 46 = 0
(11x + 23)( x - 2) = 0
x = - 23 or x = 2
11
 Section 1.4 87
29. Solve the rational equation. 32. Solve the radical equation.
3- 2 x - 2 x +1 = 5 x - 29 10 - x = 4
x +3 x-4 x-4 10 - x = 16
( ) (
( x + 3)( x - 4) 3- 2 x - 2 x +1 = ( x + 3)( x - 4) 5 x - 29
x +3 x-4 x-4 ) -x = 6
( x - 4)(3- 2 x)-( x + 3)(2 x +1) = ( x + 3)(5 x - 29) x = -6

-2 x 2 +11x -12- 2 x 2 -7 x -3 = 5 x 2 -14 x -87 Check 10 - (-6) = 4

-4 x 2 + 4 x -15 = 5 x 2 -14 x -87 16 = 4

4=4
0 = 9 x 2 -18 x -72
The solution is –6.
0 = 9( x 2 - 2 x -8)
0 = 9( x - 4)( x + 2) 33. Solve the radical equation.

x = 4 or x =-2 9 x - 20 = x
2
–2 checks as a solution. 4 is not in the domain and does ( 9 x - 20 ) = x 2
not check as a solution. 9 x - 20 = x 2
30. Solve the rational equation. 0 = x 2 - 9 x + 20
5 x + 3 - x -1 = 2 x + 3 0 = ( x - 4)( x - 5)
3x - 2 x -3 x -3 x = 4 or x = 5
( 3x - 2 x -3 ) (
(3 x - 2)( x - 3) 5 x + 3 - x -1 = (3 x - 2)( x -3) 2 x + 3
x -3 ) Check 9 (4) - 20 = 4 9 (5)- 20 = 5
( x -3)(5 x + 3)-(3 x - 2)( x -1) = (3 x - 2)(2 x + 3)
16 = 4 25 = 5
5 x 2 -12 x -9 -3x 2 + 5 x - 2 = 6 x 2 + 5 x -6 4=4 5=5
2 2
2 x -7 x -11 = 6 x + 5 x -6 4 and 5 check as solutions.
2
0 = 4 x +12 x + 5 34. Solve the radical equation.
0 = (2 x + 5)(2 x +1) x = 12 x - 35
x = - 5 or x = - 1 x 2 = ( 12 x - 35)2
2 2
x 2 = 12 x - 35
31. Solve the radical equation.
x 2 -12 x + 35 = 0
x-4 -6 = 0 ( x - 5)( x - 7) = 0
x-4 = 6
x = 5 or x = 7
x - 4 = 36
x = 40 Check 5 = 12(5) - 35 7 = 12(7) - 35
5 = 60 - 35 7 = 84 - 35
Check 40 - 4 - 6 = 0
5 = 25 7 = 49
36 - 6 = 0
5=5 7=7
6-6 = 0
0=0 5 and 7 check as solutions.

The solution is 40.

88 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
35. Solve the radical equation. x = 7 or x = 2

-7 x + 2 + x = 2 Check 3(7) - 5 - 7 + 2 = 1
-7 x + 2 = 2 - x 16 - 9 = 1
2
( -7 x + 2 ) = ( 2 - x )
2
4-3 =1
-7 x + 2 = 4 - 4 x + x 2 1=1
2
0 = x + 3x + 2 3(2) - 5 - 2 + 2 = 1
0 = ( x + 2)( x + 1) 1- 4 =1
x = –2 or x = –1 1- 2 = 1
Check -1 = 1 (No)
The solution is 7.
-7(-2)+ 2 + (-2) = 2 -7(-1)+ 2 + (-1) = 2
38. Solve the radical equation.
16 - 2 = 2 9 -1 = 2
4-2 = 2 3-1 = 2 ( x + 7 - 2)2 = ( x - 9)2
2=2 2=2 x + 7-4 x + 7 + 4 = x -9
–2 and –1 check as solutions. -4 x + 7 = -20
36. Solve the radical equation. ( x + 7)2 = (5)2
-9 x - 9 + x = 1 x + 7 = 25
x = 18
-9 x - 9 = 1 - x
2
( -9 x - 9 ) = (1- x )2 Check 18 + 7 - 2 = 18 - 9
25 - 2 = 9
-9 x - 9 = 1 - 2 x + x 2
5- 2 = 3
0 = x 2 + 7 x + 10
3=3
0 = ( x + 5)( x + 2)
18 checks as a solution.
x = –5 or x = –2
39. Solve the radical equation.
Check
2 x + 11 - 2 x - 5 = 2
-9 (-5) - 9 + (-5) = 1 -9 (-2) - 9 + (-2) = 1
( 2 x + 11)2 = (2 + 2 x - 5)2
36 - 5 = 1 9 -2 =1
2 x + 11 = 4 + 4 2 x - 5 + 2 x - 5
6-5 = 1 3- 2 = 1
12 = 4 2 x - 5
1=1 1=1
(3)2 = ( 2 x - 5)2
Both –5 and –2 check as solutions.
9 = 2x -5
37. Solve the radical equation.
14 = 2 x
3x - 5 - x + 2 = 1 7= x
2 2
( 3x - 5) = (1 + x + 2) Check 2(7) + 11 - 2(7) - 5 = 2
3x - 5 = 1 + 2 x + 2 + x + 2 25 - 9 = 2
2x -8 = 2 x + 2 5- 3 = 2
2 2
( x - 4) = ( x + 2) 2=2
x 2 - 8 x + 16 = x + 2 7 checks as the solution.
2
x - 9 x + 14 = 0
( x - 7)( x - 2) = 0
 Section 1.4 89
40. Solve the radical equation. 42. Solve the radical equation.
x + 7 + x -5 = 6 2x -9 + 2x + 6 = 3
2 2
( x + 7) = (6 - x - 5) 2 x - 9 = 3- 2 x + 6
2 2
x + 7 = 36 -12 x - 5 + x - 5 ( 2 x - 9 ) = (3 - 2 x + 6 )
12 x - 5 = 24 2x -9 = 9-6 2x + 6 + 2x + 6
( x - 5)2 = (2)2 6 2 x + 6 = 24
x -5 = 4 2
( 2 x + 6 ) = 42
x=9
2 x + 6 = 16
Check 9 + 7 + 9 - 5 = 6 2 x = 10
16 + 4 = 6 x=5
4+2 = 6
Check 2 (5) - 9 + 2 (5) + 6 = 3
6=6
1 + 16 = 3
9 checks as a solution.
1+ 4 = 3
41. Solve the radical equation. 5 = 3 (No)
x - 4 + x +1 = 1 There is no solution.
x - 4 = 1- x + 1 43. Solve the radical equation.
2 2
( x - 4 ) = (1- x + 1) 2 x -1 - x -1 = 1
x - 4 = 1- 2 x + 1 + x + 1 2 x - 1 = 1 + x -1
2 x +1 = 6 2 2
( 2 x -1) = (1 + x -1)
2
(2 x + 1 ) = 62 2 x - 1 = 1 + 2 x -1 + x -1
4 ( x + 1) = 36 x -1 = 2 x -1
4 x + 4 = 36 2
( x -1)2 = (2 x -1)
4 x = 32
x =8 x 2 - 2 x + 1 = 4 ( x -1)
x2 - 2 x +1 = 4 x - 4
Check 8 - 4 + 8 + 1 = 1
x2 - 6x + 5 = 0
4 + 9 =1
( x -1)( x - 5) = 0
2+3=1
5 = 1 (No) x = 1 or x = 5

There is no solution. Check 2(1)-1 - (1)-1 = 1 2(5)-1 - 5-1 = 1

1- 0 =1 9 - 4 =1
1=1 3- 2 = 1
1=1
1 and 5 check as solutions.
90 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
44. Solve the radical equation. 49. Solve.
6 - x + 5x + 6 = 6 x 3/2 = 27
( 5 x + 6)2 = (6 - 6 - x )2 2/3
( x 3/2 ) = (27)
2/3

5 x + 6 = 36 -12 6 - x + 6 - x x=9
6 x - 36 = -12 6 - x 50. Solve.
( x - 6)2 = (-2 6 - x )2
x 3/4 = 125
2
x -12 x + 36 = 4(6 - x ) 4/3
2
( x 3/4 ) = (125)
4/3
x -12 x + 36 = 24 - 4 x
x = 625
x 2 - 8 x + 12 = 0
51. Solve.
( x - 6)( x - 2) = 0
3x 2/3 -16 = 59
x = 6, or x = 2
3x 2/3 = 75
Check 6 - 6 + 30 + 6 = 6 6 - 2 + 10 + 6 = 6
x 2/3 = 25
0+6 = 6 4 + 16 = 6 3/2
6=6 2+4 = 6
( x 2/3 ) = (25)
3/2

6=6 x = 125

Both 6 and 2 check as solutions. x = -125, 125

45. Solve. 52. Solve.

x1/3 = 2 4 x 4/5 - 27 = 37
3
( x1/3 ) = (2)3 4 x 4/5 = 64

x =8 x 4/5 = 16
5/4
46. Solve. ( x 4/5 ) = (16)
5/4

x = 32
x1/2 = 5
2 x = -32, 32
( x1/2 ) = (5)2
53. Solve.
x = 25
47. Solve. 4 x 3/4 - 31 = 77
4 x 3/4 = 108
x 2/5 = 9
x 3/4 = 27
(x 2/5 )5/2 5/2
= (9) 4/3
( x 3/4 ) = (27)
4/3
x = 243
x = 81
x = -243, 243
54. Solve.
48. Solve.
4 x 4/5 - 54 = 270
x 4/3 = 81
3/4 4 x 4/5 = 324
( x 4/3 ) = (81)
3/4
x 4/5 = 81
x = 27
5/4
x = -27, 27 ( x 4/5 ) = (81)
5/4

x = 243
x = -243, 243
 Section 1.4 91
55. Find all real solutions. 58. Find all real solutions.

x 4 - 9 x 2 + 14 = 0 6x4 - 7 x2 + 2 = 0

Let u = x 2 . Let u = x 2 .

u 2 - 9u + 14 = 0 6u 2 - 7u + 2 = 0
(u - 7)(u - 2) = 0 (2u -1)(3u - 2) = 0

u=7 or u=2 u=1 or u=2

2 2 2 3
x =7 x =2
2
x = 1 2
x = 2
x = 7 x = 2 2 3

The solutions are 7, - 7, 2, - 2. x = 1 = 2 x = 2 = 6

2 2 3 3
56. Find all real solutions.
The solutions are 2, - 2, 6, - 6.
x 4 -10 x 2 + 9 = 0 2 2 3 3
59. Find all real solutions.
Let u = x 2 .
x6 + x3 - 6 = 0
u 2 -10u + 9 = 0
(u - 9)(u -1) = 0 Let u = x 3 .

u=9 or u =1 u2 + u - 6 = 0
x2 = 9 x2 = 1 (u - 2)(u + 3) = 0
x = 3 x = 1 u=2 or u = -3
3
The solutions are –3, 3, –1, 1. x =2 x 3 = -3
57. Find all real solutions. x=32 x = 3 -3 = -3 3

2 x 4 -11x 2 + 12 = 0 The solutions are 3

2 and - 3 3.

Let u = x 2 . 60. Find all real solutions.

2u 2 -11u + 12 = 0 6 x 6 + x 3 -15 = 0
(2u - 3)(u - 4) = 0 Let u = x 3 .

u= 3 or u=4 6u 2 + u -15 = 0
2
(2u - 3)(3u + 5) = 0
x =3
2
x2 = 4
2
u= 3 or u =-5
x = 3 = 6 x = 2 2 3
2 2
x =3
3 3
x =- 5
2 3
The solutions are 6 , - 6 , 2, - 2.
2 2 x = 3 3 = 3 3⋅ 4 x = -3 5 = -3 5 ⋅ 9
2 2⋅4 3 3⋅ 9
3 3
x = 12 x = - 45
2 3

The solutions are

3
12 and - 3 45 .
2 3
92 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
61. Find all real solutions. 64. Find all real solutions.

x1/2 - 3x1/4 + 2 = 0 6 x 2/3 - 7 x1/3 - 20 = 0

Let u = x1/4 . Let u = x1/3.

u 2 - 3u + 2 = 0 6u 2 - 7u - 20 = 0
(u -1)(u - 2) = 0 (3u + 4)(2u - 5) = 0

u = 1 or u=2 u =-4 or u=5

1/4 1/4 3 2
x =1 x =2
1/3
x =- 4 x =5
1/3
x =1 x = 16 3 2
x =- 64 x= 125
The solutions are 1 and 16.
27 8
62. Find all real solutions.
The solutions are - 64 and 125 .
2x 1/2
- 5x1/4
-3 = 0 27 8
65. Find all real solutions.
Let u = x1/4 .
2
x4 + 8x2 - 9 = 0
2u - 5u - 3 = 0
(2u + 1)(u - 3) = 0 Let u = x 2 .

u 2 + 8u - 9 = 0
u =-1 or u=3
2 (u + 9)(u -1) = 0
1/4
x =- 1 x1/4 = 3
2 u = -9 or u =1
x = 81 2
x = -9 x2 = 1

(x 1/4
/ - 1 since x1/4 ³ 0
=
2 ) x =  -9
x = 3i
x = 1

The solution is 81.

The solutions are –1, 1, –3i, 3i.
63. Find all real solutions.
66. Find all real solutions.
3x 2/3 -11x1/3 - 4 = 0
4 x 4 + 7 x 2 - 36 = 0
Let u = x1/3.
Let u = x 2 .
3u 2 -11u - 4 = 0
4u 2 + 7u - 36 = 0
(3u + 1)(u - 4) = 0
(u + 4)(4u - 9) = 0
u =-1 or u=4
3 u = -4 or u=9
4
1/3
x =- 1 x1/3 = 4
3 x 2 = -4 2
x = 9
4
x =- 1 x = 64
27 x =  -4 x = 9
4
The solutions are - 1 and 64. x = 2i x = 3
27 2

The solutions are - 3 , 3 , –2i, 2i.

2 2
 Section 1.4 93
67. Find all real solutions. 70. Find all real solutions.

x 2/5 - x1/5 - 2 = 0 8 x - 38 x + 9 = 0

Let u = x1/5 . Let u = x .

u2 - u - 2 = 0 8u 2 - 38u + 9 = 0
(u + 1)(u - 2) = 0 (4u -1)(2u - 9) = 0

u = -1 or u=2 u=1 or u= 9
4 2
x1/5 = -1 x1/5 = 2 1 9
x= x=
x = -1 x = 32 4 2

The solutions are –1 and 32. x= 1 x= 81

16 4
68. Find all real solutions.
The solutions are 1 and 81 .
16 4
2 x 2/5 - x1/5 = 6
71. Find the speed of the boat.
Let u = x1/5 .
Using the formula t = d , we get the equation.
2
2u - u - 6 = 0 r
(2u + 3)(u - 2) = 0 24 + 24 = 6
v + 3 v -3
u =-3
2
or u=2
x1/5 = 2
( )
(v + 3)(v - 3) 24 + 24 = (v + 3)(v - 3) 6
v + 3 v -3
x =-3
1/5
2 24 (v - 3) + 24 (v + 3) = (v 2 - 9)(6)
é ù5 24v - 72 + 24v + 72 = 6v 2 - 54
x = ê- 3 ú x = 32
ë 2û
48v = 6v 2 - 54
x = - 243
32 0 = 6v 2 - 48v - 54

The solutions are - 243 and 32. 0 = 6 (v 2 - 8v - 9)

32 0 = 6 (v + 1)(v - 9)
69. Find all real solutions.
v = –1 (No) or v = 9
9 x - 52 x + 64 = 0 The speed is 9 mph.
Let x = u. 72. Find the speed for each runner.

9u 2 - 52u + 64 = 0 Let x = Hector’s speed.

(9u -16)(u - 4) = 0 12 = 12 + 1
x x+2 2
u = 16
9
or u=4
( ) x (
2 x ( x + 2) 12 = 2 x ( x + 2) 12 + 1
x+2 2 )
x= 16 x =4 24 ( x + 2) = 24 x + x ( x + 2)
9
256 24 x + 48 = 24 x + x 2 + 2 x
x= x = 16
81
0 = x 2 + 2 x - 48
The solutions are 256 and 16. 0 = ( x + 8)( x - 6)
81
x = –8 (No) or x = 6
Hector’s speed is 6 mph. Maureen’s speed is 8 mph.
94 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
73. Find the time it takes the assistant, working alone. 1 ⋅6 + 1 ⋅6 = 1
Let x = the number of hours the assistant would take to t 2t - 5

build the fence working alone.

6
(
t 2t - 5 )
t (2t - 5) + 6 = t (2t - 5) ⋅1

The worker does 1 of the job per hour; the assistant 6 (2t - 5) + 6t = 2t 2 - 5t
8
12t - 30 + 6t = 2t 2 - 5t
does 1 of the job per hour. 0 = 2t 2 - 23t + 30
x
0 = (2t - 3)(t -10)
worker 1 5
8 t = 3 (No) or t = 10
1 2
assistant 5
x It takes the experience painter 10 hours.

( 18 )(5) + ( 1x )(5) = 1 76. Find the time for the faster computer, working alone.
Let t = the time for the slower computer.
5 + 5 =1
8 x t – 7 is the time for the faster computer.

(
8 x )
8 x 5 + 5 = 1(8 x ) 1 is the rate for the slower computer.
t
5 x + 40 = 8 x
1 is the rate for the faster computer.
40 = 3x t -7
40 = x
3 1 ⋅12 + 1 ⋅12 = 1
t t -7
x = 13 1 hours
3
( t t -7 )
t (t - 7) 12 + 12 = t (t - 7)⋅1
74. Find the additional time the assistants needs.
12 (t - 7) + 12t = t 2 - 7t
Let x = the additional number of hours for the
12t - 84 + 12t = t 2 - 7t
assistants to finish the job. In two hours,
0 = t 2 - 31t + 84
1 of the job is done, 2 of the job is left to do.
3 3 0 = (t - 28)(t - 3)

1 x=2 t = 28 or t = 3 (No)
14 3
t – 7 = 28 – 7 = 21
2
x = ⋅14
3 The faster computer completes the problem in 21 min.
x = 28 = 9 1 hours 77. Find the time.
3 3
75. Find the time for the experienced painter. T= s + s
4 1100
Let t = the time for the experienced painter.
T = 7100 + 7100
2t – 5 is the time for the apprentice painter. 4 1100
T » 27.5 seconds
1 is the rate for the experienced painter.
t 78. Find the depth.
1 is the rate for the apprentice painter. T =3
2t - 5
é -275 + 5 3025 + 176(3) ù 2
s = êê ú
úû
ë 2
s » 11.51762 » 132.65
The distance is approximately 133 ft.
 Section 1.4 95
79. Find the radius. 81. Find the length of the edge.

d1 = 8 mm, d 2 = 12 mm
2 2
L= r r +h Vc = s 3 Vs = 4  r 3
3
15 =  r r 2 + 42
s =  (4) +  (6)3 = 4  (64 + 216) » 1172.86
3 4 3 4
3 3 3
15 = r r 2 + 16
s » 10.5 mm
225 = r 2 ( r 2 + 16)
The side is approximately 10.5 mm.
0 = r 4 + 16r 2 - 225
82. Find the length of the pendulum.
2
Let u = r . L
T = 2
2 32
u + 16u - 225 = 0
4 = 2 L
(u + 25)(u - 9) = 0
32
u=9 or u = -25 (No) 2= L
2
r =9
 32
4 = L
r=3
 2 32
The radius is 3 in. 32(4)
L= 2
80. Find the diameter. 
L » 12.969
The length is 13.0 ft (to the nearest tenth).
83. Find the height.

d = 1.5h
14 = 1.5h
142 = 1.5h
h = 1 d = 1 (2r ) = 2 r
3 3 3 196 = 1.5h
1
V= r h 2
131 » h
3
é ù The height is approximately 131 ft.
192 =  r 2 ê 2 r ú
1
3 ë3 û
192 = 2  r 3
9
192(9)
= r3
2
275 » r 3
6.50 » r
r » 6.50 in.
diameter d = 2r » 13.0 in.
96 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
84. Find the distance. 2
-(-2744)  (-2744) - 4 (435)(-30, 672)
x=
0.125 x + 0.2 1 + (6 - x ) = 1
2 2 (435)
2 2744  60,898,816
0.2 1 + (6 - x ) = 1- 0.125 x x=
870
2
(0.2 1 + (6 - x )
2
) = (1- 0.125 x )
2
x=
2744 - 60,898,816
» -5.8 km (No)
870
0.04 (1 + (6 - x ) ) = 1- 0.25 x + 0.015625 x 2
2
2744 + 60,898,816
x= » 12.1 km
0.04 (1 + 36 -12 x + x 2 ) = 0.015625 x 2 - 0.25 x + 1 870
0.04 x 2 - 0.48 x + 1.48 = 0.015625 x 2 - 0.25 x + 1 The distance is about 12.1 km.
0.024375 x 2 - 0.23x + 0.48 = 0 86.Solve.

Use quadratic formula to solve for x. x 4 + 3x 3 - 8 x - 24 = 0

2 x 3 ( x + 3) - 8( x + 3) = 0
-(-0.23)  (-0.23) - 4 (0.024375)(0.48)
x=
2 (0.024375) ( x + 3)( x 3 - 8) = 0

x = 0.23  0.0061 ( x + 3)( x - 2)( x 2 + 2 x + 4) = 0

0.04875
x 2 + 2 x = -4 Use completing the square.
x = 0.23 + 0.0061 » 6.3 miles (No)
0.04875 2
x + 2 x + 1 = -4 + 1
x= 0.23 - 0.0061 » 3.1 miles
0.04875 ( x + 1)2 = -3

The distance is about 3.1 miles. x + 1 =  -3

85. Find the distance. x = -1  i 3

2 Thus the solutions are -3, 2, -1 + i 3, -1- i 3 .

16 - x + 16 + x = 2
22 7 87. Solve.
æ ö
ç 16 + x 2 ÷÷
154 çç16 - x + ÷
÷ = 154 (2) x 4 - 2 x 3 + 27 x - 54 = 0
è 22 7 ø
x 3 ( x - 2) + 27 ( x - 2) = 0
2
7 (16 - x ) + 22 16 + x = 308
( x - 2)( x 3 + 27) = 0
2
112 - 7 x + 22 16 + x = 308
( x - 2)( x + 3)( x 2 - 3 x + 9) = 0
2
22 16 + x = 7 x + 196
2
2 -(-3)  (-3) - 4 (1)(9)
(22 16 + x 2 ) = (7 x + 196)
2 x=
2 (1)
484 (16 + x 2 ) = 49 x 2 + 2744 x + 38, 416 x = 3  -27 = 3  3i 3
2 2
7744 + 484 x 2 = 49 x 2 + 2744 x + 38, 416
435 x 2 - 2744 x - 30,672 = 0 The solutions are 2, –3, 3 - 3i 3 , 3 + 3i 3 .
2 2
Use quadratic formula to solve for x.
 Section 1.5 97
88. Solve. 90. Solve the equation for  .
3
x 3 - 5 x -17 = x -1 1+ b = 
3 a
( 3 x 3 - 5x -17 ) = ( x -1)
3
b =  -1
a
x 3 - 5 x -17 = x 3 - 3x 2 + 3x -1
1 =  -1 Substitute 1 for b .
3x 2 - 8 x -16 = 0   a
(3x + 4)( x - 4) = 0
1 =  2 -  Clear fractions
3x + 4 = 0 or x-4 = 0 0 =  2 -  -1
x =-4 x=4
3 1  12 - 4(1)(-1) 1  1 + 4
= =
2(1) 2
(- 43 ) - 5(- 43 )-17 = - 43 -1
3
Check 3
 = 1 + 5 (reject negative solution)
2
3 - 343=-7
27 3
91. Show that AD =  .
7
- =- 7 AB
3 3
Label the point G that is between B and C.
3( 3
4) - 5(4) -17 = 4 -1
Note that EG = ED, by construction.
3
27 = 3
Let x = FD.
3= 3
Then EG = 1 + x.
Both - 4 and 4 check as solutions.
3 EG = EF 2 + FG 2 = 12 + 22 = 5
89. Solve. 5 = 1+ x
3
x 3 - 2 x -13 = x -1 x = 5 -1
3
( 3 x 3 - 2 x -13) = ( x -1)
3 AD = 2 + x = 2 + 5 -1 = 1 + 5 = 
AB 2 2 2
x 3 - 2 x -13 = x 3 - 3x 2 + 3x -1
Prepare for Section 1.5
3x 2 - 5 x -12 = 0
(3x + 4)( x - 3) = 0 P1. Find { x x > 2} Ç { x x > 5} .
{x | x > 5}
3x + 4 = 0 or x -3 = 0
P2. Evaluate.
x =-4 x=3
3
3(-3)2 - 2(-3) + 5 = 38

(- 43 ) - 2(- 43 )-13 = - 43 -1
3
Check 3 P3. Evaluate.
7+3 = 2
3 - 343=-7 7-2
27 3
7 7 P4. Factor.
- =-
3 3
10 x 2 + 9 x - 9 = (2 x + 3)(5 x - 3)
3( 3
3) - 2 (3) -13 = 3 -1
P5. Find the value of x where the expression is undefined.
3
8=2
x -3 , 2x -7 ¹ 0
2=2 2x -7
Both - 4 and 3 check as solutions. It is undefined for x = 7 .
3 2
98 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
P6. Solve. 6. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.

2 x 2 -11x + 15 = 0 3x - 5 > 16
(2 x - 5)( x - 3) = 0 3x > 21
x>7
2x -5 = 0 or x -3 = 0
{ x x > 7}
x= 5 x=3
2
Section 1.5 Exercises
7. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
1. State whether the inequalities are equivalent.
x + 4 > 3x + 16
a. No, x > -3 is not equivalent to x > 0. -2 x > 12
b. 3x £ -6 can be simplified as x £ -2 which is not x < -6
equivalent to x ³ -2. { x x < -6}
c. -2 x < 0 can be simplified as x > 0 which is
equivalent to x > 0.
8. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
d. 2 x ³ -6 can be simplified as x ³ -9 which is 5x + 6 < 2 x + 1
3
3x < -5
equivalent to x ³ -9.
x <-5
2. Rewrite | x + 2 |> 3. 3

x + 2 < -3 or x + 2 > 3 {x x < - 53}

3. Rewrite | x - 5 |£ 8.

x - 5 ³ -8 and x - 5 £ 8
9. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
4. Identify the critical values. -3( x + 2) £ 5 x + 7
2 -3x - 6 £ 5 x + 7
a. x + 8 x < 0 can be factored as x( x + 8) < 0 .
-8 x £ 13
The critical values are 0 and –8.
x ³ - 13
b. Critical values of (2 x + 5)( x - 4) ³ 0 are - 5 , 4. 8
2

c. Critical values of x - 4 £ 0 are –2, 4. {x x ³ - 138}

x+2

d. Critical values of 2 x -1 > 0 are 0, 1 , 3.

x( x - 3) 2 10. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.

5. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph. -4( x - 5) ³ 2 x + 15
-4 x + 20 ³ 2 x + 15
2 x + 3 < 11
-6 x ³ -5
2 x < 11- 3
2x < 8 x£5
6
x<4

{ x x < 4} {x x £ 65}
 Section 1.5 99
11. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph. 16. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
-4(3x - 5) > 2( x - 4) 0 £ 2 x + 6 £ 54
-12 x + 20 > 2 x - 8 -6 £ 2 x £ 48
-14 x > -28 -3 £ x £ 24
x<2
{ x -3 £ x £ 24}
{ x x < 2}

17. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
12. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
x + 2 < -1 or x +3³ 2
3( x + 7) £ 5(2 x - 8) x < -3 or x ³ -1
3x + 21 £ 10 x - 40
-7 x £ -61 { x x < -3} È { x x ³ -1} = { x x < -3 or x ³ -1}

x ³ 61
7
18. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
{ x x ³ 61
7 } x + 1 > 4 or x+2£3
x > 3 or x £1

13. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph. { x x £ 1} È { x x > 3} = { x x £ 1 or x > 3}

4 x + 1 > -2 and 4 x + 1 £ 17
4 x > -3 and 4 x £ 16 19. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
x > - 3 and x£4 -4 x + 5 > 9 or 4 x +1 < 5
4
-4 x > 4 or 4x < 4
{ 4 } {
x x > - 3 Ç { x x £ 4} = x - 3 < x £ 4
4 } x < -1 or x <1

{ x x < -1} È { x x < 1} = { x x < 1}

14. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
2 x + 5 > -16 and 2x + 5 < 9 20. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph.
2 x > -21 and 2x < 4 2 x - 7 £ 15 or 3 x -1 £ 5
x > - 21 and x<2 2 x £ 22 or 3x £ 6
2
x £ 11 or x£2

{x } {
x > - 21 Ç { x x < 2} = x - 21 < x < 2
2 2 } { x x £ 11} È { x x £ 2} = { x x £ 11}

15. Find the solution set in set builder notation and graph. 21. Find the solution set in interval notation
10 ³ 3x -1 ³ 0 2 x -1 > 4
11 ³ 3x ³ 1
2 x -1 < -4 or 2 x -1 > 4
11 ³ x ³1
3 3 2 x < -3 or 2x > 5
x <- 3 or x> 5
{ x 1 £ x £ 11
3 3 } 2 2

(-¥, - 23 )È( 25 , ¥)
100 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
22. Find the solution set in interval notation 28. Find the solution set in interval notation
2x -9 < 7 3- 2 x £ 5

-7 < 2 x - 9 < 7 -5 £ 3 - 2 x £ 5
2< 2x < 16 -8 £ - 2 x £ 2
1< x <8 4³ x ³ -1
(1, 8) [-1, 4 ]
23. Find the solution set in interval notation 29. Find the solution set in interval notation
x+3 ³5 x -5 ³ 0 (Note: The absolute value of any
x + 3 £-5 or x +3³ 5 real number is greater than or equal to 0.)
x £-8 or x³2 (-¥, ¥)
(-¥, - 8]È [ 2, ¥) 30. Find the solution set in interval notation
24. Find the solution set in interval notation x-7 ³ 0 (Note: The absolute value of any
x -10 ³ 2 real number is greater than or equal to 0.)
x -10 £ -2 or x -10 ³ 2 (-¥, ¥)
x £8 or x ³ 12 31. Find the solution set in interval notation
(-¥, 8] È [12, ¥) x-4 £ 0
25. Find the solution set in interval notation (Note: No absolute value is less than 0.)
3x -10 £ 14 x-4 = 0
-14 £ 3 x -10 £ 14 x=4
-4 £ 3x £ 24 {4}

-4 £ x £8 32. Find the solution set in interval notation

3
é 4 ù 2x + 7 £ 0
ê- , 8ú
ë 3 û (Note: No absolute value is less than 0.)
26. Find the solution set in interval notation 2x + 7 = 0
2x -5 ³1 2 x = -7

2x - 5 £ -1 or 2 x - 5 ³ 1 x =-7
2
2x £ 4
x£2 or
or 2x ³ 6
x³3
{ }
-7
2
(-¥, 2] È [3, ¥) 33. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
27. Find the solution set in interval notation in interval notation.
4 - 5 x ³ 24 x2 + 7 x > 0
4 - 5 x £ -24 or 4 - 5 x ³ 24 x ( x + 7) > 0
-5 x £ -28 or -5 x ³ 20 The product x ( x + 7) is positive.
x ³ 28 or x £ -4 x = 0 is a critical value.
5
x + 7 = 0  x = -7 is a critical value.
(-¥, - 4] È éê 28 , ¥
ë5
)
 Section 1.5 101
x ( x + 7) 37. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
in interval notation.
(-¥, - 7) È (0, ¥) x 2 + 7 x + 10 < 0
34. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution ( x + 5)( x + 2) < 0

in interval notation. The product ( x + 5)( x + 2) is negative.

x 2 - 5x £ 0 x + 5 = 0  x = -5 is a critical value.
x ( x - 5) £ 0 x + 2 = 0  x = -2 is a critical value.

The product x ( x - 5) is negative or zero. ( x + 5)( x + 2)

x = 0 is a critical value.
x - 5 = 0  x = 5 is a critical value. (5, 2)
38. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
x ( x - 5)
in interval notation.

[0, 5] x 2 + 5x + 6 < 0
( x + 3)( x + 2) < 0
35. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
in interval notation. The product ( x + 3)( x + 2) is negative.

x 2 -16 £ 0 x + 3 = 0  x = -3 is a critical value.

( x - 4)( x + 4) £ 0 x + 2 = 0  x = -2 is a critical value.
( x + 3)( x + 2)
The product ( x - 4)( x + 4) is negative or zero.
x - 4 = 0  x = 4 is a critical value.
(3, 2)
x + 4 = 0  x = -4 is a critical value.
39. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
( x - 4)( x + 4)
in interval notation.

[-4, 4] x 2 - 3x ³ 28
x 2 - 3x - 28 ³ 0
36. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
( x - 7)( x + 4) ³ 0
in interval notation.
The product ( x - 7)( x + 4) is positive or zero.
x 2 - 49 > 0
( x - 7)( x + 7) > 0 x - 7 = 0  x = 7 is a critical value.
x + 4 = 0  x = -4 is a critical value.
The product ( x - 7)( x + 7) is positive.
( x - 7)( x + 4)
x = 7 is a critical value.
x + 7 = 0  x = -7 is a critical value.
(-¥, - 4] È [7, ¥)
( x - 7)( x + 7)

(-¥, - 7) È (7, ¥)
102 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
40. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution ( x + 1)( x + 3)( x - 3)
in interval notation.
(-3, -1) È (3, ¥)
x 2 < -x + 30
x 2 + x - 30 < 0 43. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
( x + 6)( x - 5) < 0 in interval notation.

The product ( x + 6)( x - 5) is negative. x 4 - 20 x 2 + 64 ³ 0

x + 6 = 0  x = -6 is a critical alue. ( x 2 -16)( x 2 - 4) ³ 0

x - 5 = 0  x = 5 is a critical value. ( x + 4)( x - 4)( x + 2)( x - 2) ³ 0
( x + 6)( x - 5) The product is positive or zero.
x + 4 = 0  x = -4 is a critical value.
(6, 5) x - 4 = 0  x = 4 is a critical value.
x + 2 = 0  x = -2 is a critical value.
41. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
x - 2 = 0  x = 2 is a critical value.
in interval notation.
The critical values are –4, –2, 2, and 4.
x 3 - x 2 -16 x + 16 < 0
( x + 4)( x - 4)( x + 2)( x - 2)
x 2 ( x -1)-16 ( x -1) < 0
( x -1)( x 2 -16) < 0 (-¥, - 4] È [-2, 2] È [4, ¥)
( x -1)( x + 4)( x - 4) < 0 44. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
The product ( x -1)( x + 4)( x - 4) is negative. in interval notation.
x -1 = 0  x = 1 is a critical value. x 4 -10 x 2 + 9 £ 0
x - 4 = 0  x = 4 is a critical value. ( x 2 - 9)( x 2 -1) £ 0
x + 4 = 0  x = -4 is a critical value. ( x + 3)( x - 3)( x + 1)( x -1) £ 0
The critical values are –4, 1, and 4.
The product is negative or zero.
( x -1)( x + 4)( x - 4)
x + 3 = 0  x = -3 is a critical value.
x - 3 = 0  x = 3 is a critical value.
(-¥, - 4) È (1, 4)
x + 1 = 0  x = -1 is a critical value.
42. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution x -1 = 0  x = 1 is a critical value.
in interval notation. The critical values are –3, –1, 1, and 3.

x3 + x2 - 9 x - 9 > 0 ( x + 3)( x - 3)( x + 1)( x -1)

x 2 ( x + 1) - 9 ( x + 1) > 0
[-3, -1] È [1, 3]
( x + 1)( x 2 - 9) > 0
45. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
( x + 1)( x + 3)( x - 3) > 0
in interval notation.
The product ( x + 1)( x + 3)( x - 3) is positive.
x+4 <0
x + 1 = 0  x = -1 is a critical value. x -1
x - 3 = 0  x = 3 is a critical value.
The quotient x + 4 is negative.
x + 3 = 0  x = -3 is a critical value. x -1
The critical values are –3, –1, and 3. x + 4 = 0  x = -4
x -1 = 0  x = 1
 Section 1.5 103
The critical values are 4 and 1. 48. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
x+4 in interval notation.
x -1
x - 4 £1
x+6
(–4, 1) x - 4 -1 £ 0
46. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution x+6
x - 4 -1( x + 6)
in interval notation. £0
x+6
x-2 > 0 x-4- x-6 £ 0
x+3 x+6
-10 £ 0
The quotient x - 2 is positive. x+6
x+3
x-2 = 0  x = 2 The quotient -10 is negative or zero.
x+6
x + 3 = 0  x = -3
x + 6 = 0  x = -6
The critical values are 2 and 3.
The critical value is –6.
x-2
x+3 -10
x+6
(-¥, - 3) È (2, ¥)
The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ -6.
47. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
(-6, ¥)
in interval notation.
49. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
x -5 ³ 3
x +8 in interval notation.
x -5 -3 ³ 0 x ³4
x +8 2x + 7
x - 5 - 3( x + 8) x -4 ³ 0
³0
x +8 2x + 7
x - 5 - 3x - 24 ³ 0 x - 4(2 x + 7)
x +8 ³0
2x + 7
-2 x - 29 ³ 0 x - 8 x - 28 ³ 0
x +8 2x + 7
-7 x - 28 ³ 0
The quotient -2 x - 29 is positive or zero. 2x + 7
x +8

-2 x - 29 = 0  x = - 29 The quotient -7 x - 28 is positive or zero.

2 2x + 7
x + 8 = 0  x = -8 -7 x - 28 = 0  x = -4

The critical values are - 29 and - 8. 2x + 7 = 0  x = - 7

2 2
The critical values are - 4 and - 7 .
-2 x - 29 2
x +8
-7 x - 28
2x + 7
The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ -8.
é 29
ê- , - 8
ë 2
) The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ - 7.
2
é
ê-4, -
ë
7
2 )
104 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
50. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution 52. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
in interval notation. in interval notation.
x £ -5 x ( x - 4)
>0
3x - 5 x +5
x +5£ 0
3x - 5 x ( x - 4)
The quotient > 0 is positive.
x + 5(3x - 5) x +5
£0
3x - 5 x=0
x + 15 x - 25 £ 0 x-4 = 0  x = 4
3x - 5
x + 5 = 0  x = -5
16 x - 25 £ 0
3x - 5 The critical values are 0, 4, and –5.

The quotient 16 x - 25 is negative or zero. x ( x - 4)

3x - 5 x +5

16 x - 25 = 0  x = 25 (-5, 0) È (4, ¥)
16
3x - 5 = 0  x = 5 53. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
3
in interval notation.
The critical values are 25 and 5 . x+2 £2
16 3
x -5
16 x - 25 x + 2 -2 £ 0
3x - 5 x -5
x + 2 - 2( x - 5)
£0
The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ 5 . x -5
3
x + 2 - 2 x + 10 £ 0
é 25 5
ê ,
ë 16 3
) x -5
-x + 12 £ 0
x -5
51. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
in interval notation. The quotient -x + 12 is negative or zero.
x -5
( x + 1)( x - 4)
<0 -x + 12 = 0  x = 12
x -2
x -5 = 0  x = 5
( x + 1)( x - 4)
The quotient is negative. The critical values are 12 and 5.
x-2
x + 1 = 0  x = -1 -x + 12
x -5
x-4 = 0  x = 4
x-2 = 0  x = 2 The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ 5.
The critical values are –1, 4, and 2. (-¥, 5) È [12, ¥)
( x + 1)( x - 4)
x-2

(-¥, -1) È (2, 4)

 Section 1.5 105
54. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution 3x 2 - 2 x - 8 ³ 0
in interval notation. x -1
(3x + 4)( x - 2)
3x + 1 ³ 4 ³0
x -1
x-2
3x + 1 - 4 ³ 0 (3x + 4)( x - 2)
The quotient is positive or zero.
x-2 x -1
3x + 1- 4( x - 2)
x-2
³0 3x + 4 = 0  x = - 4
3
3x + 1- 4 x + 8 ³ 0 x-2 = 0  x = 2
x-2
x -1  x = 1
-x + 9 ³ 0
x-2
The critical values are - 4 , 2, and 1.
3
The quotient -x + 9 is positive or zero.
x-2 (3x + 4)( x - 2)
-x + 9 = 0  x = 9 x -1
x-2 = 0  x = 2
The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ 1.
The critical values are 9 and 2.
-x + 9
é 4
)
ê- , 1 È [2, ¥)
ë 3
x-2
57. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ 2. in interval notation.
(2, 9] x2 - 6x + 9 £ 0
x -5
55. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
( x - 3)( x - 3)
in interval notation. £0
x -5
6 x 2 -11x -10 > 0 ( x - 3)( x - 3)
x The quotient is negative or zero.
x -5
(3x + 2)(2 x - 5)
>0 x -3 = 0  x = 3
x
x -5 = 0  x = 5
(3x + 2)(2 x - 5)
The quotient is positive. The critical values are 3 and 5.
x
( x - 3)( x - 3)
3x + 2 = 0  x = - 2
3 x -5
2x -5 = 0  x = 5
2 The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ 5.
x=0 (-¥, 5)
The critical values are - 2 , 5 , and 0. 58. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution
3 2
in interval notation.
(3x + 2)(2 x - 5)
x x 2 + 10 x + 25 ³ 0
x +1
(- 23 , 0)È ( 25 , ¥) ( x + 5)( x + 5)
x +1
³0

56. Use the critical value method to solve. Write solution ( x + 5)( x + 5)
The quotient is positive or zero.
in interval notation. x +1
106 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
x + 5 = 0  x = -5 -0.03x + 1.59 < 1
x + 1 = 0  x = -1 -0.03x < -0.59
x > 19.7
The critical values are 5 and 1.
19.7 years after 2000 is in the year 2019.
( x + 5)( x + 5)
x +1 63. Find the mileage if the value is $41,000.
41, 000 = -176.05m + 50,520
The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ -1. -9520 = -176.05m
{-5} È (-1, ¥) m » 54

59. Find the conditions to use the LowCharge plan. The mileage is about 54,000 miles.

LowCharge: 5 + 0.01x 64. Find the corresponding temperature range.

FeeSaver: 1 + 0.08x 68 £ F £ 104

5 + 0.01x < 1 + 0.08 x 68 £ 9 C + 32 £ 104

5
4 < 0.07 x 36 £ 9 C £ 72
57.1 < x 5

LowCharge is less expensive if you use more than 57 9 9 5( )

5 (36) £ 5 9 C £ 5 (72)
9
checks. 20 £ C £ 40

60. Find the number of miles so that renting from 65. Estimate the range of heights.
Company A is cheaper. Solve h - (2.47 f + 54.10) £ 3.72 for h
Company A: 29 + 0.12m where f = 32.24.
Company B: 22 + 0.21m
h - (2.47 f + 54.10) £ 3.72
29 + 0.12m < 22 + 0.21m h - [2.47(32.24) + 54.10] £ 3.72
7 < 0.09m h - (79.6328 + 54.10) £ 3.72
77.8 < m h -133.7328 £ 3.72
Company A is less expensive if you drive at least 78
h -133.7328 £ 3.72 or h -133.7328 ³-3.72
miles.
h £137.4528 h ³130.0128
61. Find the range of heights, h.
The height, to the nearest 0.1 cm, is from 130.0 cm
Let h = the height of the package.
to 137.5 cm.
length + girth £ 165
66. Estimate the range of heights.
length + 2(width) + 2(height) £ 165
To determine potential stature, solve
47 + 2(22) + 2h £ 165
47 + 44 + 2h £ 165 h -(3.32r + 85.43) £ 4.57 for h where r = 26.36.
91 + 2h £ 165 h -(3.32r + 85.43) £ 4.57
2h £ 74 h -[3.32(26.36) + 85.43] £ 4.57
h £ 37 h -(87.5152 + 85.43) £ 4.57
The height must be more than 0 but less than or equal h -172.9452 £ 4.57
to 37 inches. h -172.9452 £ 4.57 or h -172.9452 ³ -4.57
62. Find the year when attendance will be less than 1 h £ 177.5152 h ³ 168.3752
billion people. The potential stature, to the nearest 0.1 cm, is from
168.4 to 177.5 cm.
 Section 1.5 107
67. Find the interval where monthly revenue is greater than
-(-18)  (-18)2 - 4(0.00014)(400,000)
x=
zero. 2(0.00014)
R = 420 x - 2 x 2 = 18  324 - 224 = 18  100 = 18  10
0.00028 0.00028 0.00028
420 x - 2 x 2 > 0
2 x (210 - x ) > 0 x = 18 + 10 or x = 18 -10
0.00028 0.00028
The product is positive. = 28 = 8
0.00028 0.00028
2x = 0  x = 0 = 100,000 » 28,571.4
210 - x = 0  x = 210 The critical values are 100,000 and » 28,571.4.
Critical values are 0 and 210. Since x is a non-negative integer, the intervals are
2 x (210 - x ) (0, 26,571.4), (28,571.4, 100, 000), and

(100, 000, ¥).

($0, $210)
0.00014(1) 2 + 12(1) + 400, 000
68. Find the interval where monthly revenue is greater than Test 1: < 30
1
or equal to $5925. 400, 012.00014 < 30
which is false.
R = 312 x - 3x 2
Test 50,000:
312 x - 3x 2 ³ 5925
0.00014(50,000) 2 +12(50,000) + 400,000
-3x 2 + 312 x - 5925 ³ 0 < 30
50,000
3(-x 2 + 104 x -1975) ³ 0 27 < 30
3(-x + 25)( x - 79) ³ 0 which is true.
Test 150,000:
Critical values are 25 and 79.
3(-x + 25)( x - 79) 0.00014(150000) 2 + 12(150000) + 400, 000
< 30
150000
35.6 < 30
[$25, $79] which is false.
69. Find the number of books. The company should manufacture from 28,572 to
14.25 x + 350,000 99,999 pairs of running shoes.
< 50
x
14.25 x + 350,000 < 50 x 71. Find the time interval.
-35.75 x < -350,000
s = -16t 2 + v0t + s0 , s > 96, t > 0, v0 = 80, s0 = 32
x > 9790.2
At least 9791 books must be published. -16t 2 + 80t + 32 > 96
70. Find the number of pairs of running shoes. -16t 2 + 80t - 64 > 0

0.00014 x 2 + 12 x + 400,000 -16(t 2 - 5t + 4) > 0

C= < 30
x -16(t -1)(t - 4) > 0
0.00014 x 2 + 12 x + 400,000 < 30 x The product is positive. The critical values are 1 and 4.
0.00014 x 2 -18 x + 400,000 < 0
(t -1)(t - 4)
2
Solve 0.00014 x -18 x + 400,000 = 0 to find the
critical values. 1 second < t < 4 seconds
The ball is higher than 96 ft between 1 and 4 seconds.
108 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
72. Find the range of mean weights of women. 3. Write the equation of variation.
163 -  y=k
-2.33 < < 2.33 x
1.79
-4.1707 < 163 -  < 4.1707 4. Write the equation of variation.
-167.2 < -  < -158.8
p=k
167.2 >  > 158.8 q
158.8 lb <  < 167.2 lb
5. Write the equation of variation.
73. Find the range of mean weights of men. m = knp
190 -  6. Write the equation of variation.
-2.575 < < 2.575
2.45
-6.30875 < 190 -  < 6.30875 t = krs 3
-196.30875 < -  < -183.69125 7. Write the equation of variation.
196.30875 >  > 183.69125
V = klwh
183.7 lb <  < 196.3 lb
8. Write the equation of variation.
Prepare for Section 1.6
u = kv2
P1. Solve. w
1820 = k (28) 9. Write the equation of variation.
65 = k
A = ks 2
P2. Solve.
10. Write the equation of variation.
20 = k 2
1.5 A = khr 2
45 = k 11. Write the equation of variation.
P3. Evaluate. km1m2
F=
k ⋅ 32 d2
5
12. Write the equation of variation.
225 ⋅ 32 = 27
5 T = ktra 2
P4. Evaluate. 13. Write the equation and solve for k.

k ⋅ 4.5 ⋅232 y = kx
8 64 = k ⋅ 48
12.5 ⋅ 4.5 ⋅232 = 28.125 64 = k
8 48
P5. The area becomes 4 times as large. 4 =k
3
P6. No. The volume becomes 9 times as large.
14. Write the equation and solve for k.
Section 1.6 Exercises
m = kn
1. Write the equation of variation. 92 = k ⋅ 23
d = kt 92 = k
2. Write the equation of variation. 23
4=k
r = ks 2
 Section 1.6 109
15. Write the equation and solve for k. 20. Write the equation and solve for k.
3
r = kt 2 t = kr
s
144 = k ⋅1082 3
144 = k 10 = k ⋅ 5
0.09
1082
10 0.09 = k
24 ⋅ 32 = k
53
24 ⋅ 36 2(0.3)
1 =k =k
25
81 .06 = k
16. Write the equation and solve for k. 25
0.024 = k
C = kr
21. Find the volume of the balloon.
94.2 = k ⋅15
V = kT
94.2 = k
15 0.85 = k ⋅ 270
6.28 = k 0.85 = k
270
17. Write the equation and solve for k. 0.17 = k
54
T = krs 2
210 = k ⋅ 30 ⋅ 52 Thus V = 0.17 T = 0.17 ⋅ 324 = (0.17)6 = 1.02 liters
54 54
210 = k
30 ⋅ 52 22. Find the length of the spring.
7 =k d = k ⋅w
25 6 = k ⋅ 80
0.28 = k
6 = k ⋅ 80
18. Write the equation and solve for k. 6 =k
80
u = kv
w 3 =k
40
0.04 = ⋅ 8
k
0.04
Therefore d = 3 ⋅100 = 7.5 inches
0.04 0.04 = k 40
8 23. Find the number of semester hours.
(0.04))0.2)
=k s = k ⋅q
8
0.001 = k 34 = k ⋅ 51
2 =k
19. Write the equation and solve for k. 3
V = klwh p = 2 ⋅ 93
3
240 = k ⋅ 8 ⋅ 6 ⋅ 5
p = 62 semester hours
240 = k
8⋅6⋅5 24. Find the pressure.
1= k
p = kd
187.5 = k ⋅ 3
62.5 = k
p = 62.5 ⋅ 7
p = 437.5 lb/ft 2
110 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
25. Find the amount of juice. Round to the nearest tenth of 29. Find the speed of the gear with 48 teeth.
a fluid ounce.
r=k
t
j = k ⋅d 3
30 = k
6 = k ⋅ (4)3 64
3 =k 1920 = k
32
r = 1920
p = 3 ⋅ (5)3 48
32 r = 40 revolutions per minute
p » 11.7 fl oz
30. Find the frequency of the 18-inch guitar string.
26. Find the distance. Round to the nearest tenth of a foot.

r = kv 2 f =k
l
140 = k ⋅ 602 144 = k
140 = k 20
602 2880 = k
7 =k
f = 2880
180 18
f = 160 vibrations per second
Thus r = 7 ⋅ 652 » 164.3 ft.
180 31. Find the sound intensity.
27. T =k l
I = k2
1.8 = k 3 d
k = 1.8 » 1.03923 0.5 = k2
3 7
24.5 = k
a. T = 1.8 10 = 1.8 30 = 0.6 30 » 3.3 seconds
3 3 I = 24.5
d2
b. T =k l I = 24.5
T = l 102
k I = 0.245 W/m 2
2 = l
1.03923 32. Find the illumination. Round to the nearest tenth of a
l= 4 » 3.7 ft footcandle.
1.039232
28. Find the distance. l = k2
d
A = kd 2 50 = k 2
10
64 = k ⋅ 202
5000 = k
6 = k ⋅ 400
64 = k Thus I = 5000
d2
400
4 =k I = 5000 = 5000
25 152 225
I » 22.2 footcandles
100 = 4 ⋅ d 2
25
625 = d 2
d = 25 ft
 Section 1.6 111

33. a. V = kr 2 h 36. Find the weight the 14 ft column can support.

4
V1 = k (3r )2 h L = k ⋅ d2
h
= 9( kr 2 h )
4
= 9V 6 = k ⋅ 22
10
Thus the new volume is 9 times the original volume.
6 ⋅102 = k
b. V2 = kr 2 (3h ) 24
600 = 37.5 = k
= 3( kr 2 h ) 16
= 3V
4
Thus L = 37.5 2⋅ 3 » 15.5 tons
Thus the new volume is 3 times the original volume. 14
c. V3 = k (3r )2 (3h ) 37. a. Find the variation constant.
= k 9r 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ h For Kershaw,
2
= 27( kr h ) ERA = kr
i
= 27V
k (59)
Thus the new volume is 27 times the original volume. 2.28 =
(233.1)
34. Find the weight the beam can support. Round to the 9.0 = k
nearest pound. b. Find Wilson’s ERA.
L = kwd 2 ERA =
9(73)
= 2.94
(223.1)
200 = k ⋅ 2 ⋅ 62
200 = k 38. Find the weight the 16-foot beam can support. Round
2 ⋅ 62 to the nearest pound.
25 = k
2
9 L = kwd
l
Thus L = 25 ⋅ 4 ⋅ 42 2
9 800 = k ⋅ 4 ⋅ 8
12
= 1600 800 ⋅12 = k
9
4 ⋅ 82
» 178 lb
37.5 = k
35. Find what happens to the volume.
37.5(3.5)(6)2
Thus L = » 295 pounds
V = knT 16
P
k (3n )T 39. Find the force. Round to the nearest 10 lb.
V1 =
( )
1p
2 F = kws
r
2

æ knT ö÷ 2
= 6ç
çè p ÷ø÷ 2800 = k ⋅1800 ⋅ 45
425
= 6V 2800 ⋅ 425 = k
Thus the new volume is 6 times larger than the original 1800 ⋅ 452
14 ⋅ 425 = k
volume. 9 ⋅ 452
0.3264746 » k

(0.3264746) ⋅1800 ⋅ 552

Thus F = » 3950 pounds
450
112 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
40. Find the depth. Chapter 1 Review Exercises

S = kwd 3 1. Solve. [1.1]

4 - 5 x = 3x + 14
when d = 10, w = 182 -102 » 15 -8 x = 10
S » k (15)(10)3 = 15, 000k
x =-5
2 2 4
d = 12, w = 18 -12 » 13.4
2. Solve. [1.1]
S » k (13.4)(12)3 = 23,155k
7 - 5(1- 2 x ) = 3(2 x + 1)
d = 14, w = 182 -142 » 11.3
7 - 5 + 10 x = 6 x + 3
S » k (11.3)(14)3 = 31,007k
10 x + 2 = 6 x + 3
2 2
d = 16, w = 18 -16 » 8.2 4x = 1
3
S » k (8.2)(16) = 33,587k x=1
4
The strongest beam occurs when d = 16 inches.
3. Solve. [1.1]
41. Find the distance. Round to the nearest million miles.
4 x - 4 x -1 = 1
t = kd 3/2 3 6 2
365 = k ⋅ 933/2 ( 3 6 ) ()
6 4 x - 4 x -1 = 6 1
2
365 = k 2(4 x ) - (4 x -1) = 3
933/2
8x - 4 x +1 = 3
Thus 686 = 365 ⋅ d 3/2 4 x +1 = 3
933/2 4x = 2
686 ⋅ 933/2 = d 3/2
365 x=1
2
æ 686 ⋅ 933/2 ö÷2/3
ç 4. Solve. [1.1]
çè 365 ÷÷ø = d
3 x - 2 x -1 = 3
( )
2/3
93 686 =d 4 8 2
365
142 million miles » d ( 4 8 ) ()
8 3 x - 2 x -1 = 8 3
2
42. Find the force. Round to the nearest tenth. 2(3x ) - (2 x -1) = 4(3)
m1m2 6 x - 2 x + 1 = 12
F =k 4 x + 1 = 12
r2
(6´1024 )(1) 4 x = 11
9.8 = k
(6400) 2 x = 11
4
(9.8)(6400) 2
=k 5. Solve. [1.1]
6´1024
x -3 = 2
6.69´10-17 » k

(6´1024 )(1) x - 3 = 2 or x - 3 = -2
Thus F = (6.69´10-17 ) x=5 x =1
(7200) 2
F » 7.7 Newtons
 Chapter Review Exercises 113
6. Solve. [1.1] 13. Solve. [1.3]
x+5 = 4 x 2 - 5x + 6 = 0
x+5 = 4 or x + 5 = -4 ( x - 2)( x - 3) = 0
x = -1 x = -9 x - 2 = 0 or x -3 = 0
7. Solve. [1.1] x=2 x=3

2 x +1 = 5 14. Solve. [1.3]

2 x + 1 = 5 or 2 x + 1 = -5 6 x 2 + x -12 = 0
2x = 4 2 x = -6 (3 x - 4)(2 x + 3) = 0
x=2 x = -3
3x - 4 = 0 or 2 x + 3 = 0
8. Solve. [1.1] 3x = 4 2 x = -3
3x - 7 = 8 x=4 x =-3
3 2
3x - 7 = 8 or 3x - 7 = -8
15. Solve. [1.3]
3x = 15 3x = -1
( x - 2)2 = 50
x=5 x =-1
3 x - 2 =  50
9. Solve. [1.2] x = 25 2
2
V =πr h x = 2 + 5 2 or x = 2 - 5 2
V =h
16. Solve. [1.3]
π r2
2
10. Solve. [1.2] 2 ( x + 4) + 18 = 0
2
A 2 ( x + 4) = -18
P=
1 + rt
( x + 4)2 = -9
P (1 + rt ) = A
x + 4 =  -9
P + Prt = A
x = -4  3i
Prt = A - P
x = -4 + 3i or x = -4 - 3i
t = A- P
Pr 17. Solve. [1.3]
11. Solve. [1.2]
x 2 - 6 x -1 = 0
A = h (b1 + b2 ) x2 - 6x = 1
2
2 A = h(b1 + b2 ) x2 - 6 x + 9 = 1+ 9
2 A = hb1 + hb2 ( x - 3)2 = 10
2 A - hb2 = hb1
x - 3 =  10
2 A - hb2
= b1 x = 3  10
h
12. Solve. [1.2] x = 3 + 10 or x = 3 - 10
P = 2(l + w)
P = 2l + 2 w
P - 2l = 2 w
P - 2l = w
2
114 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
18. Solve. [1.3] 22. Determine whether the equations has real or complex

4 x 2 - 4 x -1 = 0 solutions. [1.3]

4 x2 - 4 x = 1 x2 + 4 x + 7 = 0
x2 - x = 1 2
b2 - 4ac = (4) - 4 (1)(7)
4
= 16 - 28 = -12 < 0
x -x+ = + 1
2 1 1
4 4 4 There are nonreal complex number solutions.
( )
2
x- 1 =1 23. Solve the equation. [1.4]
2 2
x- 1 =  1 3x 3 - 5 x 2 = 0
2 2
x 2 (3x - 5) = 0
x= 1 1 ⋅ 2
2 2 2 x2 = 0  x = 0
x = 1  2 or 1  2 3x - 5 = 0  x = 5
2 2 2 3
x = 0 or x = 5
x = 1 + 2 or x = 1- 2 3
2 2
24. Solve the equation. [1.4]
19. Solve. [1.3]
2 x3 - 8 x = 0
3x 2 - x -1 = 0 Use the quadratic formula.
2 x ( x 2 - 4) = 0
-(-1)  (-1)2 - 4(3)(-1) 2 x ( x - 2)( x + 2) = 0
x=
2(3)
x = 0, x = 2, or x = -2
x = 1  13 25. Solve the equation. [1.4]
6
x = 1 + 13 or x = 1- 13 2 x 3 + 3x 2 - 8 x -12 = 0
6 6
x 2 (2 x + 3) - 4 (2 x + 3) = 0
20. Solve. [1.3]
(2 x + 3)( x 2 - 4) = 0
2
x - x + 1 = 0 Use the quadratic formula. (2 x + 3)( x + 2)( x - 2) = 0

-(-1)  (-1)2 - 4(1)(1) x = - 3 , x = -2, or x = 2

x= 2
2(1)
26. Solve the equation. [1.4]
x = 1  -3 = 1  i 3
2 2
3x 3 - 2 x 2 - 3x + 2 = 0
x = 1 + 3 i or x = 1 - 3 i
2 2 2 2 x 2 (3x - 2) -1(3x - 2) = 0
21. Determine whether the equations has real or complex (3 x - 2)( x 2 -1) = 0

solutions. [1.3] (3 x - 2)( x + 1)( x -1) = 0

2 x2 + 4 x = 5 x = 2 , x = -1, or x = 1
3
2 x2 + 4 x - 5 = 0
2
b2 - 4ac = (4) - 4 (2)(-5)
= 16 + 40 = 56 > 0
There are two real number solutions.
 Chapter Review Exercises 115
27. Solve the equation. [1.4] 31. Solve the equation. [1.4]
x +1 =5 2 x + 6 -1 = 3
x+2 4
2x + 6 = 4
4( x + 2) ( x+2 4 )
x + 1 = 5(4)( x + 2)
(
2
2 x + 6 ) = 42
4 x + x + 2 = 20( x + 2) 2 x + 6 = 16
5 x + 2 = 20 x + 40 2 x = 10
-15 x = 38 x=5
x = - 38
15 Check 2 (5) + 6 -1 = 3
28. Solve the equation. [1.4] 16 -1 = 3
y -1 4 -1 = 3
-1 = 2 3= 3
y +1 y
æ y -1 ö÷ æ ö 5 checks as a solution.
y ( y + 1) çç -1÷ = y ( y + 1) ç 2 ÷÷÷
èç y + 1 ø÷ çè y ø
32. Solve the equation. [1.4]
y ( y -1) - y ( y + 1) = 2( y + 1)
5 x -1 + 3 = 1
y 2- y - y 2 - y = 2 y + 2
5 x -1 = -2
-4 y = 2
There is no solution.
y =-1
2 33. Solve the equation. [1.4]
29. Solve the equation. [1.4]
-2 x - 7 + 2 x = -7
3 x + 2 = 4 x -1 -2 x - 7 = -2 x - 7
x-2 x-2

( ) ( )
2
( x - 2) 3 x + 2 = ( x - 2 ) 4 x - 1 ( -2 x - 7 ) = (-2 x - 7)2
x-2 x-2
-2 x - 7 = 4 x 2 + 28 x + 49
3 x ( x - 2) + 2 = 4 x -1
0 = 4 x 2 + 30 x + 56
3 x 2 - 6 x + 2 = 4 x -1
0 = 2 (2 x 2 + 15 x + 28)
3x 2 -10 x + 3 = 0
(3 x -1)( x - 3) = 0 0 = 2 (2 x + 7)( x + 4)

3 x -1 = 0 or x-3 = 0 x = - 7 or x = -4
2
x=1 x=3
3
30. Solve the equation. [1.4]
Check ( )
2 2 ( )
-2 - 7 - 7 + 2 - 7 = -7

7 - 7 - 7 = -7
x +1 + 2 x -1 = 3 x + 5
x + 3 x-2 x+3 -7 = -7

( ) (
( x + 3)( x - 2) x +1 + 2 x -1 = ( x + 3)( x - 2) 3x + 5
x + 3 x-2 x+3 ) -2 (-4)- 7 + 2 (-4) = -7
8 - 7 - 8 = -7
( x - 2)( x +1)+ ( x + 3)(2 x -1) = ( x - 2)(3 x + 5)
1 - 8 = -7
x 2 - x - 2 + 2 x 2 + 5 x - 3 = 3 x 2 - x -10 -7 = -7
3x 2 + 4 x - 5 = 3x 2 - x -10
- 7 and –4 check as solutions.
5 x =-5 2
x =-1
116 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
34. Solve the equation. [1.4] Check 3(4) + 4 + 4 - 3 = 5
-8 x - 2 + 4 x = -1 16 + 1 = 5
-8 x - 2 = -4 x -1 4 +1 = 5
2 5=5
( -8 x - 2 ) = (-4 x -1)2
3(39) + 4 + 39 - 3 = 5
-8 x - 2 = 16 x 2 + 8 x + 1
121 + 36 = 5
0 = 16 x 2 + 16 x + 3
11 + 6 = 5
0 = (4 x + 3)(4 x + 1)
17 = 5 (No)
x = - 3 or x = - 1 The solution is .
4 4
36. Solve the equation. [1.4]
Check ( )
4 4( )
-8 - 3 - 2 + 4 - 3 = -1
2x + 2 - x + 2 = 1
6 - 2 - 3 = -1 2 x + 2 = x + 2 +1
4 - 3 = -1 2 2
( 2 x + 2 ) = ( x + 2 + 1)
2 - 3 = -1
2 x + 2 = x + 2 + 2 x + 2 +1
-1 = -1
x -1 = 2 x + 2
( )
4 4( )
-8 - 1 - 2 + 4 - 1 = -1
( x -1)2 = (2 x + 2 )
2

2 - 2 -1 = -1 x 2 - 2 x + 1 = 4 ( x + 2)
-1 = -1
x2 - 2 x +1 = 4 x + 8
- 3 and - 1 check as solutions. x2 - 6x - 7 = 0
4 4
( x + 1)( x - 7) = 0
35. Solve the equation. [1.4]
x = –1 or x = 7
3x + 4 + x - 3 = 5
3x + 4 = 5 - x - 3 Check 2 (-1) + 2 - -1 + 2 = 1

é 3x + 4 ù 2 = [5 - x - 3 ]2 0 - 1 =1
ë û
-1 = 1 (No)
3x + 4 = 25 -10 x - 3 + x - 3
2 (7 ) + 2 - 7 + 2 = 1
2 x -18 = -10 x - 3
16 - 9 = 1
x - 9 = -5 x - 3
4-3 = 1
2
( x - 9)2 = [-5 x - 3 ] 1=1
x 2 -18 x + 81 = 25( x - 3) 7 checks as a solution.
2
x -18 x + 81 = 25 x - 75 37. Solve the equation. [1.4]
2
x - 43x + 156 = 0 x5/4 - 32 = 0
( x - 4)( x - 39) = 0
x5/4 = 32
x=4 or x = 39 4/5
( x 5/4 ) = (32)
4/5

x = 16
 Chapter Review Exercises 117
38. Solve the equation. [1.4] 42. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]

2 x 2/3 - 5 = 13 -2 x + 7 £ 5 x + 1
2 x 2/3 = 18 -7 x £ -6
x 2/3 = 9 x³ 6
7
3/2
( x 2/3 ) = 93/2
x = 27
é6 , ¥
ê
ë7 )
The solutions are –27 and 27. 43. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
39. Solve the equation. [1.4] 3x + 1 > 7 or 3x + 2 <-7
4 2 3x > 6 3x <-9
6 x - 23x + 20 = 0
Let u = x 2 . x>2 x <-3

6u 2 - 23u + 20 = 0 (-¥, -3) È (2, ¥)

(3u - 4)(2u - 5) = 0 44. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]

a=4 or u= 5 5 x - 4 £ 6 and 4 x + 1 > -7

3 2 5 x £ 10 and 4 x > -8
2
x = 4 x =5
2
3 2 x £ 2 and x > -2

x = 4 x = 5 (-2, 2 ]
3 2
æ ö æ ö 45. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
x =  2 çç 3 ÷÷÷ x =  5 çç 2 ÷÷÷
ç
3 3ø
è 2 çè 2 ø 61 £ 9 C + 32 £ 95
5
x =2 3 x =  10
3 2 29 £ 9 C £ 63
5
40. Solve the equation. [1.4] 145 £ C £ 35
9
3x + 16 x -12 = 0
é145 , 35ù
Let u = x . ê 9 ú
ë û

3u 2 + 16u -12 = 0 46. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
(3u - 2)(u + 6) = 0 30 < 5 ( F - 32) < 65
9
u= 2 or u = -6 54 < F - 32 < 117
3
x = -6 86 < F < 149
x= 2
3 No solution. (86, 149)
x= 4
47. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
9
Thus, x = 4 . 3x - 4 < 2
9
-2 < 3x - 4 < 2
41. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
2 < 3x < 6
-3x + 4 ³ -2
2< x <2
-3x ³ -2 - 4 3
-3x ³ -6
x£2 ( 23 2)
,

(-¥, 2]
118 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
48. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5] x + 2 = 0  x = -2
2x -3 ³1 x + 4 = 0  x = -4
x-4 = 0  x = 4
2 x - 3 ³ 1 or 2 x - 3 £ -1
Critical values are –4, –2 and 4.
2x ³ 4 2x £ 2
x³2 x £1 ( x + 2)( x + 4)( x - 4)

(-¥, 1] È [2, ¥) (-¥, -4) È (-2, 4)

49. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5] 53. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
0 < x -2 <1 x+3 > 0
If x - 2 ³ 0, then 2 < x < 3. x-4
If x - 2 < 0, then 0 < x - 2 < -1 The quotient is positive.
2 > x > 1. x + 3 = 0  x = -3
(1, 2) È (2, 3) x-4 = 0  x = 4
The critical values are –3 and 4.
50. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
x+3
0 < x-a < b x-4
If x - a > 0, then a < x < a + b.
If x - a < 0, then 0 < x - a < -b (-¥, - 3) È (4, ¥)
a > x > a - b. 54. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
( a - b, a ) È ( a , a + b) x( x - 5)
£0
x+7
51. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
The quotient is negative or zero.
x2 + x - 6 ³ 0
x=0
( x + 3)( x - 2) ³ 0
x -5 = 0  x = 5
The product is positive or zero. x + 7 = 0  x = -7
x + 3 = 0  x = -3 The critical values are 0, 5 and - 7.
x-2 = 0  x = 2
x( x - 5)
Critical values are –3 and 2. x+7
( x + 3)( x - 2)
Denominator ¹ 0  x ¹ -7.
(-¥, - 7) È [0, 5]
(-¥, -3] È [2, ¥)
55. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
52. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
2 x £ 10
x 3 + 2 x 2 -16 x - 32 < 0 3- x
x 2 ( x + 2) -16 ( x + 2) < 0 2 x -10 £ 0
3- x
( x + 2)( x 2 -16) < 0 2 x -10(3 - x )
£0
( x + 2)( x + 4)( x - 4) < 0 3- x
2 x - 30 + 10 x £ 0
The product is negative. 3- x
12 x - 30 £ 0
3- x
 Chapter Review Exercises 119
The quotient is negative or zero. 58. Find the length and width. [1.2]

12 x - 30 = 0  x = 5 P = 40
2 A = 96
3- x = 0  x = 3
40 = 2l + 2 w
The critical values are 5 and 3.
2 20 = l + w
12 x - 30 l = 20 - w
3- x
96 = lw
Denominator ¹ 0  x ¹ 3. 96 = (20 - w) w

(
-¥, 5 ùú È (3, ¥)
2û
96 = 20w - w2
w2 - 20w + 96 = 0
56. Solve and write the solution in interval notation. [1.5] ( w -12)( w - 8) = 0
x ³1
5- x w = 12 or w=8
x -1 ³ 0 l = 20 -12 or l = 20 - 8
5- x l =8 l = 12
x - (5 - x )
³0 Length = 8 in. and width = 12 in.,
5- x
x -5+ x ³ 0 or length = 12 in. and width = 8 in.
5- x
59. Find the height of the tree. [1.2]
2x -5 ³ 0
5- x h =9
15 6
The quotient is positive or zero.
h = 22.5 ft
2x -5 = 0  x = 5 60. Find the length of the person’s shadow. [1.2]
2
5- x = 0  x = 5 x = 12 + x
The critical values are 5 and 5. 5.5 22
2
22 x = 5.5(12 + x )
2x -5 22 x = 66 + 5.5 x
5- x
16.5 x = 66
Denominator ¹ 0  x ¹ 5. x = 4 ft
é5 , 5
ê2
ë ) 61. Find the diameter. Round to the nearest foot. [1.2]

57. Find the width and length. [1.2]

P = 54
54 = 2l + 2 w
54 = 2(2 w - 9) + 2 w h=1d
4
54 = 4 w -18 + 2 w V = 144
72 = 6w d = 2r
12 = w
r=d
2 w - 9 = 2(12) - 9 = 24 - 9 = 15 2
width = 12 ft, length = 15 ft
120 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities

V = 1 π r 2h d = rt
3 d = 8t d = 6(7 - t )
( )( )
2
144 = 1 π d 1d 6(7 - t ) = 8t
3 2 4
42 - 6t = 8t
3
144 = π d 42 = 14t
48
144(48) 3=t
= d3
π d = 8(3) = 24 nautical miles
d » 13 ft
66. Find the speed of each runner. [1.4]
62. Find the price of the calculator and battery. [1.2]
Let x = the rate for Olivia.
Let x = price of battery.
5 = 5 + 25
x + 20 = price of calculator x x + 2 60
x + x + 20 = 21
2 x + 20 = 21
()
12 x ( x + 2) 5
x (
= 12 x ( x + 2) 5 + 5
x + 2 12 )
2x = 1 60 x + 2 = 60 x + 5 x x + 2)
( ) (

x = 0.50 60 x + 120 = 60 x + 5 x 2 + 10 x
x + 20 = 20.50 0 = 5 x 2 + 10 x -120
Price of calculator is $20.50. 0 = 5( x 2 + 2 x - 24)
Price of battery is $0.50. 0 = 5( x + 6)( x - 4)
63. Find the monthly maintenance cost. [1.2] x = –6 (No) or x = 4
Let x = monthly maintenance cost per owner x = 4 mph for Olivia
18 x = 24( x -12) x + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6 mph for Inez
18 x = 24 x - 288 67. Find the amount of each solution. [1.2]
-6 x = -288
5% x
x = 48 11% 600 - x
18 x = 864 7% 600
The total monthly maintenance cost is $864.
0.05 x + 0.11(600 - x ) = 0.07 (600)
64. Find the amount of each investment. [1.2] 0.05 x + 66 - 0.11x = 42
4% x -0.06 x = -24
6% 5500 - x x = 400 ml of 5%
0.04 x + 0.06(5500 - x ) = 295 600 - x = 200 ml of 11%
0.04 x + 330 - 0.06 x = 295 68. Find the amount of pure water. [1.2]
-0.02 x = -35 0% x
x = 1750 5% 40
5500 -1750 = 3750 2% x + 40
$1750 in the 4% account 0.05(40) = 0.02 ( x + 40)
$3750 in the 6% account 2 = 0.02 x + 0.8
65. Find the distance. [1.2] 1.2 = 0.02 x
60 = x
60 ml of pure water
 Chapter Review Exercises 121
69. Find the amount of gold alloy. [1.2] 1 = rate for slower computer
x+5
$460 x
$220 25
$310 x + 25 (
6 1 + 1 =1
x x+5 )
460 x + 220 (25) = 310 ( x + 25) 6 x ( x + 5) ( 1 + 1 ) = 1x( x + 5)
x x+5
460 x + 5500 = 310 x + 7750
6( x + 5) + 6 x = x 2 + 5 x
150 x = 2250
6 x + 30 + 6 x = x 2 + 5 x
x = 15 oz
0 = x 2 - 7 x - 30
70. Find the amount of each. [1.2]
0 = ( x + 3)( x -10)
2.50 x
x = -3 (No) or x = 10
4.50 20 - x
3.25 20 The faster computer takes 10 minutes.

2.50 x + 4.50 (20 - x ) = 3.25(20) 73. Find the distance of AX. [1.3]
2.50 x + 90 - 4.50 x = 65 Let x = the distance of AX.
-2 x = -25 2
602 + x 2 = 402 + (100 - x )
x = 12.5 lb of raisins 2
( )
2
20 - x = 7.5 lb of nuts ( 602 + x 2 ) =
2
402 + (100 - x )
71. Find the time it would take the apprentice, working 3600 + x 2 = 1600 + 10,000 - 200 x + x 2
alone. [1.4] 200 x = 8000
Let x = time for apprentice x = 40

x – 9 = time for mason The distance AX is 40 yards.

1 = rate for apprentice 74. Find the dimensions. [1.3]

x Let x = the length of the side.
1 = rate for mason 2
x -9 8( x -16) = 80, 000
( x -16)2 = 10,000
(6 1 + 1 =1
x x -9 ) x -16 =  10,000
( )
6 x ( x - 9) 1 + 1 = 1x ( x - 9)
x x -9
x -16 = 100
x = 16  100
6( x - 9) + 6 x = x 2 - 9 x
x = 116 or x = –84 (No)
6 x - 54 + 6 x = x 2 - 9 x
The box is 116 by 116 cm.
0 = x 2 - 21x + 54
75. Find the time. [1.3]
0 = ( x -18)( x - 3)
x = 18 or x = 3 5 = -4.9t 2 + 7.5t + 10
Note: x = 3  mason's time = -6 hours. Thus x ¹ 3. 0 = -4.9t 2 + 7.5t + 5
Apprentice takes 18 hours to build the wall. 2
-7.5  (7.5) - 4 (-4.9)(5)
t=
72. Find the time for the faster computer. [1.3] 2 (-4.9)
Let x = time for faster computer t = -7.5  154.25
-9.8
x + 5 = time for slower computer
t » 2.0 or t » -0.5 (No)
1 = rate for faster computer
x In about 2.0 seconds.
122 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
76. Find the range. [1.5] 81. Find the acceleration. [1.6]

-1.96 < x - 50 < 1.96 F = ka

5 10 = k (2)
-9.8 < 1.63 - x < 9.8
40.2 < - x < 59.8 5=k
41 < x < 59, where x is an integer F = 5a
15 = 5a
77. Find the range of mean heights. [1.5]
3= a
63.8 - 
-1.645 < < 1.645 a = 3 ft/s2
0.45
-0.74025 < 63.8 -  < 0.74025 82. Find the distance. [1.6]
-64.54025 < -  < -63.05975
d = kt 2
64.5 >  > 63.1 2
10.6 = k (2)
63.1 <  < 64.5 lb
2.65 = k
78. Find the range of mean waist sizes. [1.5]
d = 2.65t 2
39 -  2
-1.96 < < 1.96 d = 2.65(3)
0.53
-1.0388 < 39 -  < 1.0388 d = 23.85 ft
-40.0388 < -  < -37.9612 83. Find the number of players. [1.6]
40.0 >  > 38.0
N=k
38.0 <  < 40.0 lb p

79. Find the range of diameters. [1.5] 5000 = k

150
Let C = the circumference, r = the radius, and 750, 000 = k
d = the diameter. 750,000
N=
p
C = 2 r =  d
750,000
29.5 £ C £ 30.0 N=
125
29.5 £  d £ 30.0 N = 6000 players
29.5 £ d £ 30.0
84. Find the repulsive force. [1.6]
 
9.39 £ d £ 9.55 F = k2
d
The diameter of the basketball is from
40 = k 2
9.39 to 9.55 inches. ( 2)
80. Find the region. [1.5] 160 = k

300 = -45 x 2 + 190 x + 200 F = 160

d2
45 x 2 -190 x + 100 = 0
F = 160
9 x 2 - 38 x + 20 = 0 42
F = 10 lb
-(-38)  (-38)2 - 4(9)(20) 38  724
x= =
2(9) 18
x » 0.6 or x » 3.6
More than 0.6 mi but less than 3.6 mi from the city
center.
 Chapter 1 Test 123
85. Find the acceleration. Round to the nearest hundredth 5. Solve by completing the square. [1.3]
of a meter per second squared. [1.6] 2 x2 -8x +1 = 0
a = km x2 - 4 x = - 1
r2 2
k (5.98´1026 ) 2 1
x - 4x + 4 = - + 4
9.8 = 2
(6,370, 000)2
2
( x - 2) = 7
9.8(6, 370,000)2 = k (5.98´1026 ) 2
9.8(6, 370,000)2 x - 2 =  7 =  14
=k 2 2
5.98´1026
k » 6.6497 ´10-13 x = 2  14 = 4  14
-13
2 2
a = 6.6497 ´210 m
r The solutions are 4 - 14 and 4 + 14 .
(6.6497 ´10-13 )(7.46´1024 ) 2 2
a=
(1,740,000)2 6. Solve using quadratic formula. [1.3]
2
a » 1.64 meters/sec x 2 + 13 = 4 x
Chapter 1 Test x 2 - 4 x + 13 = 0
1. Solve. [1.1] a = 1, b = -4, c = 13
2x + 1 = x - 3 2
-(-4)  (-4) - 4 (1)(13)
3 2 2 4 x=
2 (1)
12 (
2 x
3 2 )
+ 1 = 12 x - 3
2 4 ( ) x = 4  -36 = 4  6i = 2  3i
8x + 6 = 6x - 9 2 2
2 x = -15 The solutions are 2 - 3i and 2 + 3i.
x = - 15 7. Find the discriminant and number of solutions. [1.3]
2
2. Solve. [1.1] 2 x 2 + 3x + 1 = 0
a = 2, b = 3, c = 1
2 x + 5 = 13
b2 - 4ac = (3)2 - 4(2)(1) = 9 - 8 = 1
2 x + 5 = 13 or 2 x + 5 = -13
2x = 8 2 x = -18 The discriminant, 1, is a positive number. Therefore,
x=4 x = -9 there are two real solutions
3. Solve for x. [1.2] 8. Solve. [1.4]
ax - c = c( x - d ) x - 2 -1 = 3 - x
ax - c = cx - cd 2
( x - 2 -1) = ( 3 - x )
2

ax - cx = c - cd
x - 2 - 2 x - 2 +1 = 3- x
x( a - c ) = c - cd
2x -4 = 2 x -2
x = c - cd , a ¹ c
a-c x-2 = x-2
4. Solve: factor and apply zero product principle. [1.3] 2
( x - 2)2 = ( x - 2 )
6 x 2 -13x - 8 = (3 x - 8)(2 x + 1) = 0 x2 - 4 x + 4 = x - 2
3x - 8 = 0 or 2 x +1 = 0 x 2 - 5x + 6 = 0
( x - 3)( x - 2) = 0
x=8 x =-1
3 2
124 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
x -3 = 0  x = 3 11. Solve. [1.4]
x-2 = 0  x = 2 3 -3= 5
x+2 4 x+2
Check 2 - 2 -1 = 3 - 2
-1 = 1 (No) ( )
4( x + 2) 3 - 3 = 4( x + 2) 5
x+2 4 x+2 ( )
3 - 2 -1 = 3 - 3 4(3) - 3( x + 2) = 4(5)
1-1 = 0 12 - 3x - 6 = 20
0=0 -3x = 14
The solution is 3 x = - 14
3
9. Solve. [1.4]
12. Solve. [1.4]
3 x + 1 - x -1 = 2
2 x3 + x2 - 8x - 4 = 0
3 x + 1 = x -1 + 2
2 2 x 2 (2 x + 1) - 4 (2 x + 1) = 0
( 3 x + 1 ) = ( x - 1 + 2)
(2 x + 1)( x 2 - 4) = 0
3 x + 1 = x -1 + 4 x -1 + 4
(2 x + 1)( x + 2)( x - 2) = 0
2 x - 2 = 4 x -1
x -1 = 2 x - 1 Remove factor of 2. x = - 1 or x = -2 or x = 2
2
2
( x -1)2 = (2 x -1) 13. Solve. [1.4]
2
x - 2 x + 1 = 4 ( x -1) x 3 - 64 = 0
x2 - 2 x +1 = 4 x - 4 ( x - 4)( x 2 + 4 x + 16) = 0
x2 - 6x + 5 = 0
x - 4 = 0 or x 2 + 4 x + 16 = 0
( x -1)( x - 5) = 0
x=4
x = 1 or x = 5
-4  42 - 4 (1)(16)
Check 3(1) + 1 - 1-1 = 2 x=
2 (1)
4- 0 =2
x = -4  -48 = -4  4i 3 = -2  2i 3
2=2 2 2
3(5) + 1 - 5 -1 = 2 The solutions are 4, - 2 - 2i 3, - 2 + 2i 3.
16 - 4 = 2 14. a. Solve and write in set builder notation. [1.5]
4-2 = 2
2 x - 5 £ 11 or -3x + 2 > 14
2=2
2 x £ 16 -3x > 12
1 and 5 check as solutions. x £8 x < -4
10. Solve. [1.4]
{x | x £ 8} È {x | x < -4} = {x | x £ 8}
3x 4/5 - 7 = 41 b. Solve and write in interval notation. [1.5]
3x 4/5 = 48 2 x -1 < 9 and -3x + 1 £ 7
x 4/5 = 16 2 x < 10 -3 x £ 6
5/4
( x 4/5 ) = (16)
5/4 x <5 x ³ -2
x = 32 {x | x < 5} Ç {x | x ³ -2} = [-2, 5)
x = -32, 32
 Chapter 1 Test 125
15. Solve and write in interval notation. [1.5] 19. Find the time for the assistant working alone. [1.2]
3x - 4 > 5 Let x = number of hours the assistant needs to cover

3x - 4 > 5 or 3x - 4 < -5 the parking lot.

3x > 9 3x < -1 é ù
6ê 1 + 1ú =1
ë10 x û
x>3 x <-1
3 é ù
10 x (6) ê 1 + 1 ú = 10 x (1)
ë 10 x û
(-¥,- 13)È (3, ¥) 6 x + 60 = 10 x
-4 x = -60
16. Solve and write in interval notation. [1.5]
x = 15
x 2 - 5x - 6 < 0 The assistant takes 15 hours to cover the parking lot.
( x + 1)( x - 6) < 0
20. Find the length of the shadow. [1.2]
The product is negative. Let x = the length of the shadow
x + 1 = 0  x = -1 10 + x = x
x -6 = 0  x = 6 20 6
Critical values are –1 and 6. 20 x = 60 + 6 x
14 x = 60
( x + 1)( x - 6)
x = 30 » 4.3
7
(–1, 6)
The shadow is about 4.3 feet.
17. Solve and write in interval notation. [1.5]
21. Find the amount of each. [1.2]
x 2 + x -12 ³ 0 $3.45 x
x +1
$2.70 50 - x
( x + 4)( x - 3) $3.15 50
³0
x +1
The quotient is positive or zero. 3.45 x + 2.7 (50 - x ) = 3.15(50)
3.45 x + 135 - 2.70 x = 157.50
x + 4 = 0  x = -4
0.75 x = 22.5
x -3 = 0  x = 3
x = 30
x + 1 = 0  x = -1
50 - x = 20
Critical values are –4, 3, and 1.
30 lb of ground beef and 20 lb of sausage.
( x + 4)( x - 3)
22. Find the time. [1.3]
x +1
h = -16t 2 + 160t + 4
Denominator ¹ 0  x ¹ -1.
100 = -16t 2 + 160t + 4
[-4, -1) È [3, ¥)
16t 2 -160t + 96 = 0
18. Find the amount to be drained and replaced. [1.2]
2
x 0.20 Remove x amount of 20% -(-160)  (-160) - 4 (16)(96)
t=
2 (16)
x 1.00 Add x amount of 100%
160  19, 456
6(0.20) - x (0.20) + x (1.00) = 6(0.50) t=
32
1.2 + 0.8 x = 3 t » 0.6 or t » 9.4
0.8 x = 1.8 The rocket will be 100 feet above the ground at about
x = 2.25 liters
0.6 seconds or 9.4 second.
126 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
23. Find Zoey’s speed. [1.4] 5. Simplify. [P.5]
Let x +4 = Zoey’s speed. 7 x - 3 - 5 = 7 x - 3 - 5 x + 20 = 2 x + 17
x-4 x-4 x-4
15 - 15 = 1
x x+4 6. Simplify. [P.2]

( )
x ( x + 4) 15 - 15 = x ( x + 4)(1)
x x+4 a 2/3 ⋅ a1/4 = a 2/3 + 1/4 = a11/12
15( x + 4) -15 x = x ( x + 4) 7. Simplify. [P.6]
15 x + 60 -15 x = x 2 + 4 x (2 + 5i )(2 - 5i ) = 4 - 25i 2 = 4 + 25 = 29
0 = x 2 + 4 x - 60
8. Solve. [1.1]
0 = ( x + 10)( x - 6)
2(3x - 4) + 5 = 17
x = –10 (No) or x = 6 2(3x - 4) = 12
x + 4 = 10 6 x = 20
Zoey’s speed is 10 mph. x = 10
3
24. Find the range of p. [1.5]
9. Solve using the quadratic formula. [1.3]
0 < 0.05 p -1.5 < 2.375
1.50 < 0.05 p < 3.875 2 x2 - 4 x = 3
30.0 < p < 77.5
2 x2 - 4 x - 3 = 0
25. Find the velocity of the meteorite. [1.6]
-(-4)  (-4)2 - 4(2)(-3) 4  2 10
x= =
v= k 2(2) 4
d
= 2  10
4= k 2
3000
10. Solve. [1.1]
k = 4 3000 = 40 30
2x -6 = 4
v = 40 30 = 40 30
2500 50
2x -6 = 4 2 x - 6 = -4
v = 4 30 » 4.4 miles/second 2 x = 10 or 2x = 2
5
x=5 x =1
Cumulative Review Exercises
11. Solve. [1.4]
1. Evaluate. [P.1]
x = 3+ 9 - x
4 + 3(-5) = 4 -15 = -11
x -3 = 9- x
2. Write in scientific notation. [P.2] 2
( x - 3)2 = ( 9 - x )
-4
0.00017 = 1.7 ´10
x2 - 6 x + 9 = 9 - x
3. Perform the operations and simplify. [P.3]
x 2 - 5x = 0
2
(3 x - 5) - ( x + 4)( x - 4) x ( x - 5) = 0
2 2
= (9 x - 30 x + 25) - ( x -16) x = 0 or x = 5
2 2
= 9 x - 30 x + 25 - x + 16
= 8 x 2 - 30 x + 41
4. Factor. [P.4]

8 x 2 + 19 x -15 = (8 x - 5)( x + 3)
 Cumulative Review Exercises 127
Check 0: Check 5: 16. Solve. Write the solution in set-builder notation. [1.5]
0 = 3+ 9-0 5 = 3+ 9 -5 x-2 ³ 4
2x -3
0 = 3+ 9 5 = 3+ 4
x-2 -4 ³ 0
0 = 3+3 5 = 3+ 2 2x -3
0 = 6 No 5=5 x - 2 - 4(2 x - 3) ³ 0
2x -3 2x -3
The solution is 5.
x - 2 - 8 x + 12 ³ 0
12. Solve. [1.4] 2x -3
-7 x + 10 ³ 0
x 3 - 36 x = 0 2x -3
x ( x 2 - 36) = 0 Solve -7 x + 10 = 0 and 2 x - 3 - 0 to find the critical
x ( x + 6)( x - 6) = 0
values.
The solutions are 0, –6, 6. -7 x + 10 = 0 2x -3 = 0
13. Solve. [1.4]
x = 10 x= 3
4 2 2 7 2
2 x -11x + 15 = 0 Let u = x .
2u 2 -11u + 15 = 0 The critical values are 10 and 3 . The intervals are
7 2
(2u - 5)(u - 3) = 0
2u - 5 = 0 or u-3 = 0 (-¥, 107 ) , (107 , 23 ) and ( 23 , ¥)
u = x2 = 5 u=3
2 Test 0, in the interval (-¥, 10
7 ):
x2 = 3
x =  5 =  10 x = 3 0 - 2 ³ 4  -2 ³ 4  2 ³ 4 , which is false.
2 2 2(0) - 3 -3 3

The solutions are - 10 ,

2
10 , - 3,
2
3. (
Test 1.45, in the interval 10 , 3 :
7 2 )
14. Solve. Write the solution in set-builder notation. [1.5] 1.45 - 2 ³ 4  -0.55 ³ 4  5.5 ³ 4 , which is true.
3 x -1 > 2 or -3x + 5 ³ 8 2(1.45) - 3 -0.1
3x > 3 -3x ³ 3
x >1 x £ -1
(
Test 2, in the interval 3 , ¥ :
2 )
The solution is {x | x £ -1 or x > 1} . 2 - 2 ³ 4  0 ³ 4  0 ³ 4 , which is false.
2(2) - 3 1
15. Solve. Write the solution in interval notation. [1.5]
The denominator cannot equal zero  x ¹ 3 .
x-6 ³ 2 2
x-6 ³ 2
x ³8
or x - 6 £ -2
x£4
{
The solution is x 10 £ x < 3 .
7 2 }
The solution is (-¥, 4] È [8, ¥) .
128 Chapter 1 Equations and Inequalities
17. Find the dimensions of the fence. [1.2] 20. Find the percent of speeders.
w 600 p 600 p
³ 100 and £ 180
w +16 100 - p 100 - p
600 p ³ 100(100 - p ) 600 p £ 180(100 - p )
Perimeter = 2(Length) + 2(Width)
600 p ³ 10,000 -100 p 600 p £ 18,000 -180 p
200 = 2( w + 16) + 2 w
700 p ³ 10,000 780 p £ 18,000
200 = 2 w + 32 + 2 w
p ³ 14.3 p £ 23.1
168 = 4 w
42 = w They can expect to ticket from 14.3% to 23.1% of the
w = 42 speeders.
w + 16 = 58
The width is 42 feet; the length is 58 feet.
18. Find the number of printers. [1.5]
P = R -C
= 200 x - 0.004 x 2 - (65 x + 320, 000)
= -0.004 x 2 + 135 x - 320,000
Profits must be greater than or equal to 600,000.

-0.004 x 2 + 135 x - 320, 000 ³ 600,000

-0.004 x 2 + 135 x - 920, 000 ³ 0

-135  (135)2 - 4(-0.004)(-920,000)

x=
2(-0.004)

= -135  3505
-0.008
= 9475 or 24,275
9475 to 24,275 printers should be manufactured.
19. Find the range of scores. [1.5]
Let x = the score on the fourth test.

80 £ 86 + 72 + 94 + x < 90 and 0 £ x £ 100

4
80 £ 252 + x < 90
4
320 £ 252 + x < 360
68 £ x < 108
[68, 108) Ç [0, 100] = [68, 100]

The fourth test score must be from 68 to 100.