MIDDLE DISTANCE RACES

It only includes two events: the 800 m and the 1500 m.

Characteristics of athletes. Middle-distance runners not only enjoy a

good capacity for aerobic endurance, but also anaerobic lactate endurance,
given the speed demands that these tests present, especially
the 800 m. They possess a considerable level of strength and high demands
techniques

800 m. in this event, the athletes start in a standing position, each in their own
compensated lane (there can be two athletes in the same lane), but
approximately at the end of the first curve there is a clear street, that is,
participants can take the street they prefer, which are logically the
interiors.

1500 m. A little less

four laps to the
track. The athletes are
they are located at the exit, with

a light one
compensation, and after
the shot takes the
free street.

Physical qualities: Endurance

RELAY RACES

They are the only athletics events that are contested by teams.

Characteristics of the relays:

It is a very motivating discipline
for the students.
The factors that hinder a
The correct execution is: The witness, The
change zone, the rivals...

Physical qualities
Speed, strength, coordination
 Characteristics of athletes. The components of the 4x100 are
evidently four sprinters; but also, depending on the position
Those who occupy the relay will have one characteristic or another in particular. Thus,
the first reliever must have a very good start and control the race in
the curve; the second and the third must master both the reception and the
handing over the baton; they are the ones who run the most meters, which is why sometimes in
this position is occupied by specialists of 200 m (especially the 3rd, which must
run the curve well); the fourth component of the team is usually the most
fast, and in any case, it must have a strong competitive psychology,
because after him there is no other partner who can improve
the race: thus, the last meters, always decisive, are
your responsibility.

4x100 meters relay. In this event, there are 4 athletes per team and each one
runs approximately 100 m. The athletes pass the baton (tube
cylindrical made of wood or metal 28 to 30 cm long) within an area of
delivery of 20 m in length. Any delivery outside the area means
disqualification. The witness must be passed from hand to hand, being unable to
throw from one athlete to another. Each team competes for a specific lane; the
first reliever goes out of tacos, with the compensated exit, and in total a
team makes 3 deliveries.

4x400 meter relays. In this event, the first runner leaves from the
starting blocks and with compensated start. Each athlete runs in a lane,
but after the first turn of the second relay, there is already a clear street. Each
the athlete covers approximately 400 m, and the exchange zone of the baton is
equally 20 m. In the last two transmissions, the receivers are
placed in order as their teams reach the height of the 200 m exit,
positioning himself on the inner street, the receiving athlete whose team is listed first
place.
TYPES OF JUMP
STOP JUMP
 In the high jump test, the athletes
they must clear the bar without knocking it down. Throughout
from the history of this discipline there have been
two styles: the ventral roller (that no one
jumper already employs) and the so-called Fosbury
flop. The latter was announced by the
American Dick Fosbury at the Games
Olympics held in Mexico City in 1968; it consists of jumping from
backs (as seen in the image) and since that event it became
used by all the jumpers.

The goal in the high jump is to clear a bar without knocking it down.
horizontal (strip) that is suspended between two supports
verticals separated by about 4 meters. The participant has the right to three
attempts to overcome the same height. To execute the jump, the jumpers
they approach the bar almost head-on, they turn in the takeoff, they reach the
bar with the head in front, surpassing it backwards and they fall into the
mat with its shoulders.
POLE VAULT

In pole vaulting, the athlete

try to surpass a bar set at
great height with the help of a
flexible pole, normally from 4 to
5 m long and that is usually
made of fiberglass since
that this material replace the
bamboo and metal, used until
the 1960s. The jumper
grab the pole a few centimeters
before the end of it, run
along the track towards where the ribbon is, drive the tip of the pole into
a small ditch or hole that is located immediately before where
the projection of the bar is found, it jumps assisted by the impulse
provided by the pole, crosses the bar with the feet first and then
falls on a mat arranged to cushion the blow.
 LONG JUMP

In the long jump, the athlete runs along a track and jumps from a line.
marked by modeling clay trying to cover the maximum possible distance. In
full jump, the athlete throws the feet in front of the body to attempt a
better jump. The competitors make three jumps and the top seven advance to
the final round, which consists of three more jumps. A jump is measured in a straight line
from the aforementioned line to the nearest mark made by this
any part of the athlete's body that contacts the ground when they fall.
Athletes are ranked according to their longest jumps. The long jumper
must have strong legs, good abdominal muscles, speed of
career and, above all, great power.
TRIPLE SALTO

The goal in the triple jump is to cover the maximum possible distance in a
series of three intertwined jumps. The jumper runs down the track and jumps from
a line falling to the ground with one foot, propels itself forward again and,
falling with the opposite foot, take the definitive push and fall, this time with
both feet, on the ground surface, similar to how it is done in
the long jump. Just like in the long jump, the triple jump athlete
must have strong legs, good abdominal muscles, speed of
race and, above all, a great power.
Shot put:

BULLET IMPULSE

The objective in shot put is to propel a solid metal ball to

through the air at the maximum possible distance. The weight of the ball in category
the male shot is 7.26 kg and 4 kg for the female. The action of the throw
It is confined to a circle with a diameter of 2.1 m.

In the first phase of the test, the athlete holds the weight with their fingers.
hand against his shoulder, placing the ball under his chin. The
the competitor advances bent over, to acquire the strength and speed that
will transmit its launch. Upon reaching the opposite side of the circle, stretch the
suddenly throw your arm and push the weight into the air in the direction
adequate.

The push is done from the shoulder with one arm and it cannot be carried.
weight behind the shoulder. Each competitor is entitled to three throws.
and the seven best move on to the next round of three more throws for
athlete. The measurements are taken from the inner edge of the circumference
from the launch area to the first point of impact. The competitors
They are classified according to their best throw. If the thrower steps out of the
circle, the throw is null.
 ALBUM RELEASE

The disc is a plate with a metal rim and center that is thrown from a
circle that has a diameter of 2.5 meters. In the men's competition, the
disk measures between 219 and 221 mm in diameter, between 44 and 46 mm in width and
2 kg
mm wide and weighs 1 kilogram. The athlete holds the flat disc against the
fingers and the forearm on the throwing side, then spins on itself
quickly and throws the disc into the air after making a proper extension of the
arm

Discus throwers project the disc, weighing 1.8 kg.

after spinning around themselves in a small circle. The launch is
Measure from the edge of this to the point of impact of the disk on the ground.

The circle is marked externally by a metal strip or white paint.

Two straight lines extend outward from the center of the circle,
forming a 90º angle and for the throws to be considered
valids must fall between these two lines. Once the athletes enter
the circle and they start the throw cannot touch the ground outside of the
same until the disc hits the ground.

HAMMER THROW

The hammer throwers compete

throwing a heavy ball attached to
a metal wire with a handle on it
the end. The ball, the wire and the handle,
together, they weigh 7.26 kg and form a
unit of a maximum length of 1.2
subways.

The action takes place in a circle of

2.1 m in diameter. Holding the handle
 with both hands and keeping his feet still, the athlete does
spin the ball in a circle that goes above and below it
head, up to the height of the knees. When the hammer reaches
speed, the pitcher spins around himself two or three times to
accelerate the hammer ball even more and then release it upwards and
forward at a 45º angle. If the hammer does not fall in the
land of a 90º arc, the throw is not valid.

Each thrower makes three attempts, passing the seven best to the
next round of three more launches. A foul is committed or
violation of the rules when any part of the pitcher or the
hammer strikes outside the circle before it has been completed
launch, that is to say, that the hammer has stopped on the ground
after falling into it. Hammer throwers usually
to be tall and muscular, but success in throws requires
also skill and coordination. In track competitions
A 15.9 kg hammer is used for the cover.

LONG DISTANCE RUNNING RACES:

It is made up of the 5000 m and 10000 m races, in addition to the marathon.

Characteristics of athletes. Endurance athletes predominantly have muscle fibers.

of slow contraction, but they are very resistant. Their biotype is varied, but
They are usually slender athletes of medium or short stature.
a great aerobic endurance and a high maximum oxygen consumption (VO2
They must also have a good sense of rhythm and tactical mastery of the
races.

5000m and 10000m. They are the two flat races of

backgrounds that are celebrated inside the stadium. In the
races longer than 400 m, when an athlete passes
by goal and it lacks only one lap sounds a
bell indicating it.

Marathon. Legendary race that is inspired by the

alleged route taken by the soldier
Pheidippides in the year 490 B.C., between Marathon and Athens.
The distance is 42.195 km and is contested on the road.
ATHLETIC TRACK:

THE STANDARD TRACK IS 400 M.

The Standard 400 m Track has the advantages of being a simple construction,
straight and curved sections are nearly the same length and have uniform curves, which are
more suitable for the athletes' running pace. In addition, the inner area of the track
it is large enough to carry out all the tests of
launches and also have room for a standard football field (68 m x 105 m).

The Standard 400 m Track consists of two semicircles, each of them with a
radius of 36.50 m, joined by two straight lines, each with a length of 84.39 m.

All streets have a width of 1.22 m. The Standard Track of 400 m has 8, 6 and,
occasionally, 4 streets.

THE STRAIGHT AS A COMPONENT OF THE STANDARD 400 M TRACK.

Layout

The line with a minimum of 6 streets is integrated into the 400 m 'circular' track. All
the distances are measured backwards from the edge of the finish line closest to the
finish line. The line will include a starting area of a minimum of 3 m. and a distance
at least 17 m. after the finish line.

If the track has loose mineral surface (granular), it is recommended that the straight section has
one more street than the "circular" track, to preserve the inner street which is the most
frequently used.