D

Series
Student

Multiplication
and Division
My name
Copyright © 2009 3P Learning. All rights reserved.
First edition printed 2009 in Australia.
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ISBN 978-1-921860-40-9

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Series D – Multiplication and Division
Contents
Topic 1 – Multiplication revision (pp. 1–10) Date completed

• 2 times table__________________________________ / /

• 5 times table__________________________________ / /

• 10 times table_________________________________ / /

Topic 2 – Multiplication facts (pp. 11–21)

• multiplying any number by 10______________________ / /

• multiplying numbers by 0 and 1___________________ / /

• 4 times table__________________________________ / /

• 8 times table__________________________________ / /

• 3 times table__________________________________ / /

• multiples_____________________________________ / /

Topic 3 – Mental multiplication strategies (pp. 22–28)

• doubling strategy_______________________________ / /

• split strategy__________________________________ / /

• compensation strategy___________________________ / /

• word and missing number problems_______________ / /

Topic 4 – Division (pp. 29–34)

• sharing_______________________________________ / /

• grouping_____________________________________ / /

• the division symbol_____________________________ / /

• linking multiplication and division facts_____________ / /

• word and missing number problems_______________ / /

Series D – Multiplication and Division
Contents
Topic 5 – Patterns and functions (pp. 35–40) Date completed

• counting______________________________________ / /

• function machines______________________________ / /

• number patterns in tables________________________ / /

• growing shape patterns__________________________ / /

• matchstick patterns_____________________________ / /

Topic 6 – Equations and equivalence (pp. 41–42)

• balanced equations using + and ×__________________ / /

Topic 7 – Games and investigations (pp. 43–49)

• highest product – apply__________________________ / /

• mystery numbers – solve_________________________ / /

• multiplication concentration – apply_______________ / /

• product bingo – apply___________________________ / /

• Harry and Tortista – solve________________________ / /

• rows and columns – apply________________________ / /

Series Author:

Nicola Herringer

Copyright ©
Multiplication revision – 2 times table

Here is the fact family for the 2 times table.

0 × 2 = 0

1 × 2 = 2 Can you see

the pattern in
the numbers?
Multiples of 2 are
2 × 2 = 4 all even numbers.

3 × 2 = 6

4 × 2 = 8

5 × 2 = 10

6 × 2 = 12

7 × 2 = 14

8 × 2 = 16

9 × 2 = 18

10 × 2 = 20

11 × 2 = 22

12 × 2 = 24

Multiplication and Division

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D 1 1

SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication revision – 2 times table

Counting in 2s will help you know many times table facts.

1 Complete each pattern by counting in 2s:

a 2 4 12 14 18

b 32 34

c 18 26

2 Show how many dots there are in

each array by counting in 2s. Then
write the times table fact below:

c 3 twos

× 2 =

a 6 twos b 8 twos

× 2 = × 2 =

d 5 twos e 4 twos f 9 twos

× 2 = × 2 = × 2 =

2 D 1 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication revision – 2 times table
3 How many straws are in:
a 3 drinks? b 10 drinks?

× 2 = × 2 =

c 5 drinks? d 2 drinks?

× 2 = × 2 =

4 How many wheels have:

a 4 bikes? b 9 bikes?

× 2 = × 2 =

c 7 bikes? d 3 bikes?

× 2 = × 2 =

5 Double each number:

Multiplying by 2 is
the same as doubling.
a 6 × 2 = b 9 × 2 =

c 8 × 2 = d 7 × 2 =

6 Complete this doubling

wheel. These facts are
not in the 2 times table,
but they are facts that 12 16
are useful to know.
20 Double 50

18 15

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D 1 3

SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication revision – 5 times table

Use repeated addition to find the total number of fingers.

5 + 5 + 5 = 15
3 groups of 5 is equal to 15.

1 Find the total of each group by using repeated addition.

a How many pencils?

+ + + =

groups of is equal to

b How many eggs?

+ + + + + =

groups of is equal to

c How many beads?

+ + + + =

groups of is equal to

4 D 1 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication revision – 5 times table

This is a multiplication symbol × and it means ‘groups of’ or ‘rows of’ .

So instead of repeated addition, we can use a multiplication symbol.
5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 25 5 × 5 = 25
5 groups of 5 is equal to 25

2 Find the total of each group by using repeated addition:

a groups of is equal to

× =

b rows of is equal to

× =

3 Ring the shapes in groups of 5. One group is ringed for you. Then complete the
multiplication fact.

a groups of is equal to

× 5 =

b groups of is equal to

× 5 =

Multiplication and Division

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D 1 5

SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication revision – 5 times table

Times tables are families of multiplication facts for particular numbers.

The 5 times table is all the multiplication facts for 5.

0 × 5 = 0

Can you see the

1 × 5 = 5 pattern in the
numbers? All
multiples of 5 end
in the digit 5 or 0.
2 × 5 = 10

3 × 5 = 15

4 × 5 = 20

5 × 5 = 25

6 × 5 = 30

7 × 5 = 35

8 × 5 = 40

9 × 5 = 45

10 × 5 = 50

11 × 5 = 55

12 × 5 = 60

6 D 1 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication revision – 5 times table

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Here is a counting pattern on 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
a hundred square. It shows 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
a counting pattern of 5. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

1 Finish each pattern by counting in 5s:

+5 +5 +5
a
20 25

+5 +5 +5
b
45 50

2 Show × 5 multiplication facts on each number line.

a Finish labelling this number line and then show 5 jumps starting from 0:

0 5 20 30 40

This is the same as × 5 =

b Finish labelling this number line and then show 7 jumps starting from 0:

0 5 10 35 45

This is the same as × 5 =

Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication revision – 5 times table
3 Write a 5 times table fact for each set of 5 pence coins. The first one has been done
for you.

a b c

4 × 5p = 20p × = × =

4 Times tables are a set 5 Now answer the mixed up 5 times table.
of multiplication facts
from 1 to 10 based on
multiplying by the same a 2 × 5 = b 8 × 5 =
number each time.
Write the answers for
the 5 times table. c 9 × 5 = d 10 × 5 =

1 × 5 =
e 3 × 5 = f 6 × 5 =
2 × 5 =
g 7 × 5 = h 5 × 5 =
3 × 5 =

4 × 5 = i 1 × 5 = j 4 × 5 =

5 × 5 =

6 × 5 = 6 Write the missing number in each 5 times

table fact.
7 × 5 =
a × 5 = 35 b × 5 = 20
8 × 5 =

9 × 5 = c × 5 = 50 d × 5 = 15

10 × 5 =
e × 5 = 40 f × 5 = 10
11 × 5 =
g × 5 = 30 h × 5 = 45
12 × 5 =

8 D 1 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication revision – 10 times table

Here is the fact family for the 10 times table.

0 × 10 = 0

1 × 10 = 10 Can you see the

pattern in the
numbers? All
multiples of 10
2 × 10 = 20 end in the digit ‘0’.

3 × 10 = 30

4 × 10 = 40

5 × 10 = 50

6 × 10 = 60

7 × 10 = 70

8 × 10 = 80

9 × 10 = 90

10 × 10 = 100

11 × 10 = 110

12 × 10 = 120

Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication revision – 10 times table

If you can count in 10s from zero, you know your 10 times table.

1 Complete this sequence by counting in 10s:

2 Count the bars of 10 and then complete the multiplication fact:

a b c

× 10 = × 10 = × 10 =

3 Complete the 10 times table: 4 Write the missing number in each

10 times table fact:
1 × 10 = 7 × 10 = a × 10 = 50

b × 10 = 80
2 × 10 = 8 × 10 =
c × 10 = 70

3 × 10 = 9 × 10 =

5 Complete this × 10 wheel:

4 × 10 = 10 × 10 =

2 9
5 × 10 = 11 × 10 =
6 10
×10
4 5
6 × 10 = 12 × 10 = 3 7

10 D 1 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication facts – multiplying any number by 10

When we multiply a number by

10, the number gets 10 times Hundreds Tens Ones
bigger. This means that each
digit moves one place value 2
column to the left and we need
2 0 2 × 10 = 20
to use 0 as a placeholder in the
ones column.

1 Show how the digits all move along when they are multiplied by 10 and write the
answers below:

a Hundreds Tens Ones b Hundreds Tens Ones

7 3

7 0

7 × 10 = 3 × 10 =

c Hundreds Tens Ones d Hundreds Tens Ones

1 5 2 2

15 × 10 = 22 × 10 =

2 Connect these × 10 facts to the answers:

16 × 10 62 × 10 93 × 10 99 × 10 13 × 10

220 510 930 990 850 160 130 620 720 980

72 × 10 51 × 10 85 × 10 22 × 10 98 × 10

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SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication facts – multiplying numbers by 0 and 1

Any number multiplied by 1 always equals the same number.

Any number multiplied by 0 always equals zero.

1 Practise multiplying by 1:

a b

8 groups of 1 are equal to 6 groups of 1 are equal to

× 1 = × 1 =

c d

5 groups of 1 are equal to 4 groups of 1 are equal to

× 1 = × 1 =

2 Practise multiplying by 1 and 0:

a 12 × 0 = b 6 × 1 = c 3 × 0 =

d 2 × 1 = e 8 × 0 = f 20 × 1 =

3 Complete this table:

× 9 10 6 1 5 12 4 7 3 11 8 2

12 D 2 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication facts – 4 times table

Here is the fact family for the 4 times table.

Compare it with the 2 times table. The answers are doubles of the equivalent
multiples in the 2 times table.

0 × 4 = 0
Can you see a
pattern in the
numbers? Multiples
1 × 4 = 4 of 4 are every other
even number.

2 × 4 = 8

3 × 4 = 12

4 × 4 = 16

5 × 4 = 20

6 × 4 = 24

7 × 4 = 28

8 × 4 = 32

9 × 4 = 36

10 × 4 = 40

11 × 4 = 44

12 × 4 = 48

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SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication facts – 4 times table

Practise your 4 times table.

1 Write the multiplication fact for each array:

a 3 fours b 4 fours c 5 fours

× 4 = × 4 = × 4 =

d 6 fours e 7 fours f 9 fours

× 4 = × 4 = × 4 =

2 How many cupcakes are there on:

a 4 plates? b 3 plates?

× 4 = × 4 =

c 7 plates? d 9 plates? e 2 plates?

× 4 = × 4 = × 4 =

14 D 2 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication facts – 4 times table
3 Here is a half of a 100 square: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
a Circle the counting pattern 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
of 2s. Cross the counting 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
pattern of 4s. 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
b What do you notice? 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

4 Complete the matching × 2 and × 4 facts:

a 6 × 2 = 12 and 3 × 4 = 12
Can you see that
the × 4 arrays have
half the rows and
double the columns
of the × 2? This
means there is the
same total, but the
array is arranged
differently.

So, × 2 = × 4

b × 2 = and × 4 =

So, × 2 = × 4

c 8 × 2 = × 4 d 10 × 2 = × 4

Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication facts – 8 times table

Here is the fact family for the 8 times table.

Compare it with the 4 and 2 times tables. Can you see how they are related?
Multiples of 8 are doubles of equivalent multiples of 4.

0 × 8 = 0

1 × 8 = 8

2 × 8 = 16

3 × 8 = 24

4 × 8 = 32

5 × 8 = 40

6 × 8 = 48

7 × 8 = 56

8 × 8 = 64

9 × 8 = 72

10 × 8 = 80

11 × 8 = 88

12 × 8 = 96

16 D 2 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication facts – 8 times table
1 Write the multiplication fact for each array.

a 2 eights b 4 eights c 7 eights

× 8 = × 8 = × 8 =

2 Fill the gaps in the number line so it goes up in 8s.

0 16 40 80

3 Complete this table by recalling the 8, 4 and 2 times tables.

10 3 7 8 1 11 4 0 9 2 12 6 5

×2

×4

×8

4 Solve these problems:

a I save £4 each week for 8 weeks.

How much money do I have in total after 8 weeks?

b Fred runs 8 km every day for a week.

How far has he run in total by the end of the week?

c Choco treats come in packets of 8.

How many packets do I have if I have 64 Choco
treats altogether?

Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication facts – 3 times table

Here is the fact family for the 3 times table.

0 × 3 = 0

1 × 3 = 3

2 × 3 = 6

3 × 3 = 9

4 × 3 = 12

5 × 3 = 15

6 × 3 = 18

7 × 3 = 21

8 × 3 = 24

9 × 3 = 27

10 × 3 = 30

11 × 3 = 33

12 × 3 = 36

18 D 2 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication facts – 3 times table

Practise your 3 times table.

1 Use this array to complete 2 Now try them mixed up:

the 3 times table:
a 3×3= b 12 × 3 =
1 × 3 =

2 × 3 = c 7×3= d 10 × 3 =

3 × 3 =
e 2×3= f 4×3=
4 × 3 =

5 × 3 = g 5×3= h 6×3=

6 × 3 =
i 9×3= j 1×3=
7 × 3 = 10 × 3 =

8 × 3 = 11 × 3 = k 8×3= l 11 × 3 =

9 × 3 = 12 × 3 =

3 Alfred is an alien from the Planet Trampolon. The surface of Planet Trampolon is
like walking on a trampoline. That’s why Alfred and all his race of aliens need
3 legs for extra balance. They also have 3 fingers on each hand and 3 eyes.
a How many legs for:
6 aliens? 4 aliens?
6 × = 4 × =

b How many eyes for:

3 aliens? 10 aliens?
× = × =

c How many fingers on one hand for:

9 aliens? 5 aliens?
× = × =

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SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication facts – 3 times table
4 Label the number line so it goes up in 3s:

0 3

5 Write two turnaround facts for each array. The first one has been done for you.

a 4 × 3 = 12 b × = c × =

3 × 4 = 12 × = × =

d × = e × = f × =

× = × = × =

20 D 2 Multiplication and Division

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Multiplication facts – multiples

When two numbers are multiplied together, the answer is called a multiple.
For example, the first 3 multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15.

1 × 5 = 5 2 × 5 = 10 3 × 5 = 15

1 Complete the list of multiples for each number in the circle:

a 2 2 4

b 4 4 8

c 8 8 16

d 3 3 6

2 In each group of multiples, cross out the number that does not belong. You will
need to look carefully, because they are not in order.

a Multiples of 5 10 20 35 40 12

b Multiples of 4 16 8 22 24 12

c Multiples of 8 25 16 32 40 8

3 Use the clues to work out the multiples:

a This number is a multiple of 3 and 4 and is greater than 10
but less than 20.

b This number is a multiple of 5. It is greater than 15 but less than 25.

c This number is a multiple of both 4 and 8 and is a 2-digit number

less than 18.

Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Mental multiplication strategies – doubling strategy

There are many doubling number facts that make mental calculations easier if
you know them by heart.
This includes numbers outside the times tables that we have been working on.
Here are 2 double facts that are handy to know:
double 20 is 40 double 15 is 30 Can you think of more?

1 List all the double facts outside of the 2 times table that you know in the space
below. Here are two to start you off:

double 12 is 24 double 50 is 100

2 Complete these
doubling wheels:
7 8 21 12

11 Double 9 41 Double 32

4 15 25 50

3 Doubling 2-digit numbers is easy if you split the digits and double each part.
Complete this doubling table. The first one has been done for you.
a Double 36 b Double 23
= 30 × 2 + 6 × 2
= 60 + 12
= 72

c Double 19 d Double 41

22 D 3 Multiplication and Division

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Mental multiplication strategies – doubling strategy
4 The double-double strategy is when you multiply by 4. Look at double-double 2:
double 2 once is 4 and double 2 twice is 8.
Practise using the double-double strategy with these tables. The first one is done
for you.

a 7 × 4 = 28 b 15 × 4 =

Double 7 once 14 Double 15 once

Double 7 twice 28 Double 15 twice

c 21 × 4 = d 12 × 4 =

Double 21 once Double 12 once

Double 21 twice Double 12 twice

e 11 × 4 = f 14 × 4 =

Double 11 once Double 14 once

Double 11 twice Double 14 twice

5 Play this game with a partner. You will need this page each and a die to share.
The aim is to be the first to place a tick above all the numbers. Double or double-
double the number rolled on the die, then tick the answer in the table.
For example, Player 1 rolls a 4. They can either double it in order to tick 8 OR
double-double it to tick 16. You must apply one of the strategies to the number
rolled. If you can’t tick a box, you miss a turn!

2 4 6 8 10 12 16 20 24

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SERIES TOPIC
Mental multiplication strategies – split strategy

The split strategy is when we multiply What is 12 × 5?

numbers in 2 parts. 10 × 5 = 50 2 × 5 = 10
Let’s use the split strategy for 12 × 5.
Split 12 into 10 and 2. Next multiply 50 + 10 = 60
each part by 5, then add:
So, 12 × 5 = 60

1 Try the split strategy with these. Use the arrays if you get stuck.
a What is 12 × 7?

10 × = 2 × =

+ =

So, 12 × 7 =

b What is 12 × 9 ?

10 × = 2 × =

+ =

So, 12 × 9 =

24 D 3 Multiplication and Division

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Mental multiplication strategies – split strategy
2 Practise the split strategy again, this time without an array to look at.
a What is 12 × 3?

10 × = 2 × =

+ =

So, 12 × 3 =

b What is 12 × 6 ?

10 × = 2 × =

+ =

So, 12 × 6 =

c What is 12 × 8 ?

10 × = 2 × =

+ =

So, 12 × 8 =

3 Use the split strategy to multiply by 13.

13 is _____ + _____

a 13 × 8 = b 13 × 9 =

c 13 × 7 = d 13 × 5 =

Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Mental multiplication strategies – compensation strategy

Compensation is when you get or give something back. If we need to solve

a multiplication that is close to an easier calculation, we can work out the
simplier one, and then adjust (by giving back a multiple) to find the answer.
This is the compensation strategy.
Look at 3 × 19. 19 is close to 20, so we can multiply by the next multiple of
ten which is 20. Then we build down because we have an extra group of 3.

3 × 19  3 × 20 = 60 − 3
So, 3 × 19 = 57

1 When you are multiplying by a multiple of ten, look for a fact you know then put
a zero on the end. These patterns show you how to do this:

a 3 × 2 = b 5 × 3 =

3 × 20 = 5 × 30 =

c 7 × 2 = d 4 × 4 =

7 × 20 = 4 × 40 =

2 The steps for the compensation strategy are set out for you here. Practise multiplying
by the next multiple of ten and then build down.

a 5 × 29  5 × 30 = –5

So, 5 × 29 =

b 3 × 19  3 × 20 = –3

So, 3 × 19 =

c 2 × 39  2 × 40 = –2

So, 2 × 39 =

26 D 3 Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Mental multiplication strategies – compensation strategy
3 Use the compensation strategy. This time you have to think of the next multiple of
ten and what you have to build down by. The first one has been done for you.

a 3 × 39  3 × 40 = 120 − 3

So, 3 × 39 = 117

b 4 × 29  4 × = −

So, 4 × 29 =

c 6 × 19  6 × = −

So, 6 × 19 =

d 5 × 59  5 × = −

So, 5 × 59 =

4 Roll a die to make your own multiplication questions. Choose the

compensation strategy for one column and the split strategy for the other.

a × 29 = a × 13 =

b × 39 = b × 12 =

c × 19 = c × 13 =

Which strategy did you use and why? Which strategy did you use and why?

Multiplication and Division

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D 3 27

SERIES TOPIC
Mental multiplication strategies – word and missing
number problems
1 Can you find the missing numbers in these multiplications?

a 5 × = 40 b 4 × = 28 c × 9 = 18

d × 7 = 40 e × 11 = 22 f 20 × = 100

2 Solve these multiplication problems. Think carefully about which strategy to use.

a Mike loves cycling. He cycles 3 km to work and back every day.

How far does he cycle in 1 week?

b Ben is collecting badges, but he has only just started.

He has 9 so far. His brother Tom has 8 times that number.
How many does Tom have?

c Tamsin wants to buy doughnuts for her many friends

at school. The doughnuts come in packs of 4. If she
buys 19 packets she will have exactly the right number.
How many friends does she have?

d Sarah, Xavier and Selena are going on a picnic. They call take
mini packets of chocolate biscuits. There are 3 biscuits in each
packet. Sarah takes 1 packet, Xavier takes double that number,
and Selena takes double the number that Xavier takes.
How many biscuits do they have altogether?

Does it make
most sense to use
a doubling, split
or compensation
strategy?

28 D 3 Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Division – sharing

Division is when we share fairly.

If we share these 6 cakes equally
between 2 kids, they each get
3 cakes. We call these fair shares
because each share is equal.

1 Share the items equally in each picture by drawing lines to connect them.
Write how many are in each share.
a Share these 16 ice creams between 4 kids. 4 equal shares = ________ each

b Share these 18 pencils between 6 pots. 6 equal shares = ________ each

c Share these 9 eggs between 3 baskets. 3 equal shares = ________ each

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SERIES TOPIC
Division – grouping

Division is also when we make equal groups.

Here are 10 toffee apples. How many bags do we need if we put 2 in each bag?

If we circle 2 toffee apples

in each group, we can make
5 groups. So, we need 5 bags.

1 Circle equal groups in each picture and write how many are in each share:

a b

Out of 9 strawberries, how Out of 16 paper clips, how

many groups are there many groups are there
if there are 3 in each group? if there are 4 in each group?

c d

Out of 36 fish, how many Out of 24 flowers, how

groups are there if there many groups are there if
are 6 in each group? there are 4 in each group?

2 Draw a picture to show 7 groups with 5 in each share.

How many in total?

30 D 4 Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Division – the division symbol

This is the division symbol ÷.

So instead of saying ‘Share 12 tennis
balls fairly between 2 tennis players.
How many balls do they each get?’
We can write: 12 ÷ 2 = 6

This says 12 divided by 2 is 6. It means that there are 2 groups of 6.

1 Write the division facts using the division symbol for each picture:
a 10 divided by 5

÷ =

b 18 divided by 3

÷ =

c 24 divided by 4

÷ =

2 Solve each of these division problems:

a Share 15 lollies between 3 bowls. How many lollies
÷ =
are in each bowl?

b Share 20 oranges between 5 baskets. How many are

÷ =
in each basket?

c Out of a pile of 48 coloured pencils, 8 go into each pot.

÷ =
How many pots are needed?

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D 4 31

SERIES TOPIC
Division – linking multiplication and division facts

Knowing multiplication facts will help with division facts as they are inverse operations.

6 × 4 = 24 6 rows of 4 is 24.

24 ÷ 4 = 6 24 divided into 4 shares is 6.

1 Describe each of these arrays using one multiplication and one division fact:

a × 4 = 12 b × 5 = 30

12 ÷ 4 = 30 ÷ 5 =

c × 4 = 16

16 ÷ 4 =

2 This time, you are given part of the array. Complete the array and then write one
multiplication and one division fact that matches:

a × =

÷ =

b × =

÷ =

c × =

÷ =

32 D 4 Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Division – linking multiplication and division facts
3 Play this memory game with a partner. The aim of this game is to find
pairs of matching multiplication and division facts. Each player needs
a copy of this page and to cut out their cards. Players join their cards
together, shuffle and lay them face down. Take turns in turning over a copy
pair of cards. If they match the player keeps the pair, if they don’t match,
they must be placed back in the same position. The winner is the player
with the most pairs.


16 ÷ 4 4 × 4
20 ÷ 4 4 × 5
12 ÷ 2 2 × 6
21 ÷ 3 3 × 7
8 ÷ 4 2 × 4
18 ÷ 2 2 × 9
Multiplication and Division
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SERIES TOPIC
Division – word and missing number problems

1 Can you find the missing numbers in these divisions?

a 16 ÷ = 4 b 18 ÷ = 6 c ÷ 8 = 3

d ÷ 5 = 7 e ÷ 2 = 9 f 20 ÷ = 5

2 Solve these division problems.

a Joe does the same number of push-ups every day to stay fit. After 4 days he has
done 36 push-ups.
How many push-ups does he do each day? ÷ =

b I have some bikes in my garage. There are 12 wheels altogether.

How many bikes do I have? ÷ =

c There is a tank of octopuses at the aquarium. In total there are 24 legs

in the tank.

How many octopuses are there? ÷ =

d Charlie has bought some sweets to share between his 3 friends.

He has 27 sweets.
How many sweets does each friend get if they
÷ =
are shared fairly?
Can I use what
e Jon has 55p in his pocket. All the coins are I know about
multiplication
silver and they all have the same value. facts to help me?
How many coins are there?

÷ =

34 D 4 Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
SERIES TOPIC
Patterns and functions – counting

Counting is a good skill to 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

have because you can see 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
number patterns more easily 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
which makes you better at 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
maths. You can also count 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
things much faster! 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
This is a counting pattern 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
of 2 on a hundred square. 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

1 Colour the counting pattern on each hundred square:

a Show the 5s pattern. b Show the 10s pattern.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

c What do you notice?

__________________________________________________________________

2 Complete these counting patterns:

a 60 65 70 85 95
b 17 22 27 37 47
c 100 95 80 70
d 102 92 62

3 Count the ice creams. How many are there?

Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Patterns and functions – counting
4 Colour the counting pattern on each hundred square:
a Show the 3s pattern. b Show the 4s pattern.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

5 Complete the missing numbers in these counting patterns:

a 36 27 24

b 12 20 24 36 40

c 50 46 44 38

d 27 57 77 87

6 How many objects altogether? Count in groups.

a How many candles?

b How many legs?

36 D 5 Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
SERIES TOPIC
Patterns and functions – function machines

This is a function machine.

Numbers go in, have the rule applied, and come out again.

RULE
2 IN ×4 OUT 8

1 What number will come out of these function machines?

RULE RULE
a 5 IN ×8 OUT b 28 IN ÷4 OUT

2 Write the rule on these function machines:

RULE RULE
a 27 IN OUT 9 b 12 IN OUT 48

3 What number will go in to these function machines?

RULE RULE
a IN ×3 OUT 24 b IN ÷8 OUT 6

4 Select a number to go in to these function machines. Then calculate a number that

will come out.

RULE RULE
a IN ÷4 OUT b IN ×8 OUT

Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
D 5 37

SERIES TOPIC
Patterns and functions – number patterns in tables

When we use number patterns in tables it can help us to predict what comes
next. Look at the table below. Once we work out how the pattern works, we
can predict the total number of feet for any amount of pupils.
This table shows us that when there is 1 child there are 2 feet.
When there are 2 children there are 4 feet and so on.
We can see that the rule for the pattern is to multiply the top row by 2 to get
the bottom row each time.

Number of children 1 2 3 4 5 20
×2
Number of feet 2 4 6 8 10 40

To find out how many feet 20 children would have, we don’t need to extend
the table, we can just apply the rule.

1 Try these number pattern tables.

At a party, one child receives 3 chocolates. Complete the table to show how many
chocolates different numbers of students receive. Show how many 20 receive.

Number of children 1 2 3 4 5 20

Number of chocolates 3

2 Alfred is a type of alien from the Planet Trampolon. The surface of Planet Trampolon
is like walking on a trampoline. That is why Alfred and all his race of aliens need
3 legs – for extra balance. They also have 2 antennae and 4 fingers on each hand.
Complete the number pattern tables to show the number of
different body parts for different amounts of aliens.

a Number of aliens 1 2 3 4 20

Number of antennae 2

b Number of aliens 1 2 3 4 20
Number of fingers 4
on each hand

c Number of aliens 1 2 3 4 20

Number of legs 3

38 D 5 Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
SERIES TOPIC
Patterns and functions – growing shape patterns

Let’s look at this growing pattern:

1 butterfly uses 2 butterflies use 3 butterflies use
2 hexagons. 4 hexagons. 6 hexagons.

How many hexagons would 10 butterflies use?

There is a way we can do this without using pattern blocks.
We just look for a pattern. The pattern is that you need to double the amount
of hexagons for each butterfly. So for 10 butterflies, you would need 20 hexagons.

1 Here are some pictures made from shapes.

a Fill in the blanks for each part of the pattern and draw what comes next:

1 ant uses 2 ants use 3 ants use _____ ants use

3 circles. _____ circles. _____ circles. _____ circles.

b How many circles would you use for 10 ants? ___________

c The first fish is made up of 5 shapes. Fill in the boxes for 2 fish and 3 fish:

Try to make your

own growing
patterns from
pattern blocks.

1 fish uses 2 fish use 3 fish use

5 shapes. _____ shapes. _____ shapes.

d How many shapes would you use for 10 fish? ____________

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SERIES TOPIC
Patterns and functions – matchstick patterns

Number patterns in tables can help us with problems like this. Mia is making
this sequence of shapes with matchsticks. How can she find out how many she
needs for 10 shapes?
Shape 1 Shape 2 Shape 3

Shape number 1 2 3 4 5 10
×3
Number of matchsticks 3 6 9 12 15 30

To find out how many matchsticks are needed for 10 triangles, we don’t need
to extend the table, we can just apply the function rule:
Number of matchsticks = Shape number × 3

1 Complete the table for each sequence of matchstick shapes and find the number
of matchsticks needed for the 10th shape.
a Shape 1 Shape 2 Shape 3

Shape number 1 2 3 4 5 10

Number of matchsticks 4

b Shape 1 Shape 2 Shape 3

Shape number 1 2 3 4 5 10

Number of matchsticks 5

c Draw the fourth shape in the sequence above:

40 D 5 Multiplication and Division

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SERIES TOPIC
Equations and equivalence – balanced equations
using + and ×
There are 2 different equations we could write for one set of balanced scales.

4 + 4 + 4 = 12
4 4 4 12

3 × 4 = 12

1 Work out the values of the symbols in each problem.

10 10 20 + = 20
a
2 × = 20

16 16 32 + = 32
b
2 × = 32

2 This time work out which number should go in the symbol.

15 + + = 15
a
× 5 = 15

21 + + = 21
b
× 7 = 21

Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
D 6 41

SERIES TOPIC
Equations and equivalence – balanced equations
using + and ×
How many dots are inside each box? On one side there are 12 dots and on the
other side, there are 2 boxes. Because the equation is balanced, there must be
6 in each box.
There are 2 different equations we could
write for one set of balanced scales.
6 + 6 = 12

2 × 6 = 12

3 How many dots are inside each box?

+ + = 9

3 × = 9

4 How many dots are inside each box?

+ + = 15

3 × = 15

5 If there are 16 dots in these 4 cylinders, how many dots are there in 6 cylinders?
Show your working.

4 × = 16

× =

42 D 6 Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
SERIES TOPIC
Highest product apply
Getting
ready This is a game for two players. You will need a pack of
playing cards but just the cards with numbers on them.
You will also need a copy of this page so you can use the
table to keep score.
copy

What
to do Shuffle the cards well and
deal them evenly so you
each get 18 cards.
Player 1 turns over
two cards and finds the
product by multiplying
these together. Player 2
does the same. The
highest answer wins the round and
scores a point. Use the table below
to keep track of your scores.

Player 1 Player 2

Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
D 7 43

SERIES TOPIC
 Mystery numbers solve

What
to do Read the clues to find out the mystery number:

I am a multiple of 8.
I am also a multiple of 4.
I am greater than 10, I am greater than 5 × 6.
but less than 20. I am less than 33.
I am an odd number.

I am the number of
I am smaller than 4 × 7.
sides of a triangle times by
I am bigger than 60 ÷ 3. the number of socks in a pair
The sum of my digits is 3. times by the number of legs
of an octopus.

I am bigger than 50 ÷ 10. I am a factor of 48.

I am less than 3 × 4. I am a multiple of 2, 3, 4, 6, 8,

and 12.
I am an odd number divisible
by 3.

44 D 7 Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
SERIES TOPIC
Multiplication concentration apply
Getting
ready This is a game for two players. Copy this page and
page 46, and then cut out all the cards.
copy
What
to do Shuffle the cards well and lay them out face down in an array in
two groups. The rectangles are the questions, the squares are the
answers. Players take turns turning over one of each card. If they
can make a multiplication fact, the player keeps the pair. Keep
playing until there are no cards left. The winner is the player with
the most matching pairs.


4 × 8 2 × 9 7 × 5 3 × 3

6 × 4 9 × 3 4 × 4 5 × 8

4 × 5 8 × 8 3 × 5 8 × 9

8 × 10 3 × 4 4 × 7 9 × 5

5 × 5 8 × 6 7 × 2 5 × 10
Multiplication and Division
Copyright © 3P Learning
D 7 45

SERIES TOPIC
 Multiplication concentration apply


3 × 7 3 × 10 copy

4 × 9 3 × 11 8 × 7

= 32 = 18 = 35 = 24 = 27

= 30 = 20 = 21 = 15 = 12

= 80 = 28 = 25 = 48 = 14

= 72 = 56 = 40 = 45 = 33

=9 = 50 = 16 = 36 = 64
46 D 7 Multiplication and Division
Copyright © 3P Learning
SERIES TOPIC
Product bingo apply
Getting
ready This is a game for four players. Each player needs a copy
of this page and 5 counters. The group needs 2 dice.
Make extra copies of this page so you can play again. copy

What
to do Choose one player to be the caller. The other players fill their grid
with numbers from this list: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18,
20, 24, 25, 30 and 36.
The caller rolls the dice and calls out a times table fact based on
the numbers rolled. For example, if they roll a 6 and a 5, they
would say 6 × 5. If a player has 30 in their grid, they place a
counter on the number. The winner is the first player to get rid of
all their counters.

Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
D 7 47

SERIES TOPIC
 Harry and Tortista solve
Getting
ready Read the problem below and use your knowledge of number
patterns to solve the problem.

What Harry and Tortista constantly argued over who was the faster
to do
runner out of the pair. To settle the dispute once and for all, they
decided to race each other. Harry was so confident that he could
beat Tortista, he gave Tortista a head start of 3 km.
If Harry runs 1 km every 3 minutes and Tortista runs 1 km every
4 minutes, who will win the 12 km race?
Complete the table for Harry and Tortista to find out:

Harry Tortista

km mins km mins

0 0 3 0

1 3 4 4

2 5

3 6

4 7

5 8

6 9

7 10

8 11

9 12

10

11

12

48 D 7 Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
SERIES TOPIC
Rows and columns apply
Getting
ready This is a game for 2 players. You will need 3 dice, this page and
12 counters each in 2 different colours.

What
to do Player 1 rolls all 3 dice, adds them together and puts this value in
the first function rule. For example, if they roll a 3, 5 and 2, they
should add these and get 10. They put 10 into the first rule and get
10 + 5 = 15. Player 1 places one of their counters on 15. Then
Player 2 repeats these steps.
Keep taking turns using a different function rule each time. If the
answer is already taken, you lose a turn.
The winner is the first person to get rid of all their counters.

Function Rule 1 Function Rule 2 Function Rule 3

 + 5 2 ×   – 2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
35 36 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

What to
do next Change the object of the game. For example, the winner might be
the person who has their counters on the most even numbers.

Multiplication and Division

Copyright © 3P Learning
D 7 49

SERIES TOPIC