BUHIAN, SOFIA M.
MAED-II ENGLISH
Advance Statistic
Activity 7: One-Way ANOVA, ANCOVA, and Regression Analysis Using
SPSS
Activity 7A: How to Calculate One-Way ANOVA Using SPSS
a. Write everything that you have learned about ANOVA as well as the use
of SPSS.
b. When can ANOVA be used?
c. As a MAED/MBA/MPA/MAGC student, what possible study or problem you
could consider for your research study wherein you could utilize ANOVA as
a statistical tool for data processing?
Explain further how you will gather the data and run the statistical
procedure using SPSS.
After watching and simulating the same data on the video, I have
learned that you can only use ANOVA to compare and contrast the means of
two or more populations. It is a statistical tool used to test the null
hypothesis. One-way ANOVA is typically used when you have a single
independent variable or factor, and your goal is to investigate if variations or
different levels of that factor have a measurable effect on a dependent
variable. One-way ANOVA can only be used when investigating a single
factor and a single dependent variable. When comparing the means of three
or more groups, it can tell us if at least one pair of means is significantly
different, but it can’t tell us which pair. Also, it requires that the dependent
variable be normally distributed in each of the groups and that the variability
within groups is similar across groups.
As a MAED student, I can be able to apply and use this statistical
method only if I will conduct a quantitative type of study. Assume that
my title is “Assessment of Grade 10 Students Communicative
Competence in Learning the English Language Through Oral
Communication”
I will gather data from the grade 10 students. I will use random sampling in
creating my respondents. I will first find out the existing knowledge of my
respondent by giving them oral recitation activities then later on give them a
follow-up activity to really know and assess their communicative competence
in using the English language through oral communication. I will give them
materials to read then afterward give them series of question that is based
on the 5 level of reading comprehension.
Activity 7B: Major Assumptions of ANCOVA and Linear Regression
Analysis
2. What major assumptions of One-Way ANCOVA are discussed on the
video? When do we use One-Way ANCOVA as a statistical tool for data
processing? Give an example of a study wherein One-Way ANCOVA can be
utilized.
The major assumption found in the video is to look at the effect of the
three instructional methods will have an impact on someone’s statistic’s
knowledge level. Based on the video given, the One-Way ANCOVA is being
used to if you are going to determine if 3 or more groups are significantly
different from each other. On the video I have watched ANCOVA involves
having one independent variable that is categorical and it can have two or
more levels or conditions such as treatment group and control group. There
should be one dependent variable and it will be one or continuous or numeric
potential covariance. This technique is often used when we are evaluating
the impact on an intervention or experimental manipulation such as pretest
score. For example, if we will be going to determine the score of the students
during the pretest scores and the posttest scores for the experimental and
control group. This way we can determined if there is significant difference in
the scores between two groups.
4. What major assumptions of Linear Regression are discussed on the video?
When do we use Linear Regression as a statistical tool for data processing?
Give an example of a study wherein Linear Regression can be utilized.
Linear Regression is a model-based technique that is an extension of
Pearson Correlation. They are somewhat the same but In correlation, we are
generally looking at the strength of a relationship between two variables, X
and Y, whereas in regression we are specifically concerned with how well we
can predict Y from X. In the video that I watched the major assumption
present on the video was to determine not only whether there was a positive
association between education and earnings. In Linear Regression it is
important to know what kind of plot will you use if you want to test the
assumption associated with Linear Regression, and that’s the assumption of
heteroscedasticity. In general term it means the difference in variances or
refer to the observation that the variance of the residual in your analysis are
not consistent or constant across your predictor variable and that’s the time
we will used Linear Regression. Examples of the use of regression in
education research include defining and identifying under achievement or
specific learning difficulties, for example by determining whether a pupil's
reading attainment is at the level that would be predicted from an IQ test.
Using the linear regression when can identify if there is significant
relationship between the two variables.
Activity 7C: How to Calculate Multiple Linear Regression Using
SPSS
Regression
Variables Entered/Removeda
Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 StudyTime,
. Enter
IQb
a. Dependent Variable: GPA
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary
Std. Error of
R Adjusted R the
Model R Square Square Estimate
1 .954a
.910 .890 .2654
a. Predictors: (Constant), StudyTime, IQ
ANOVAa
Sum of Mean
Model Squares df Square F Sig.
1 Regressio
6.389 2 3.194 45.353 .000b
n
Residual .634 9 .070
Total 7.023 11
a. Dependent Variable: GPA
b. Predictors: (Constant), StudyTime, IQ
Coefficientsa
Standardize
Unstandardized d
Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant
-5.249 1.166 -4.501 .001
)
IQ .049 .010 .570 4.717 .001
StudyTim
.118 .028 .509 4.209 .002
e
a. Dependent Variable: GPA
Regression
Variables Entered/Removeda
Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 IQ b
. Enter
a. Dependent Variable: GPA
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary
Std. Error of
R Adjusted R the
Model R Square Square Estimate
1 .856a .732 .705 .4338
a. Predictors: (Constant), IQ
ANOVAa
Sum of Mean
Model Squares df Square F Sig.
1 Regressio
5.141 1 5.141 27.316 .000b
n
Residual 1.882 10 .188
Total 7.023 11
a. Dependent Variable: GPA
b. Predictors: (Constant), IQ
Coefficientsa
Standardize
Unstandardized d
Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant
-7.006 1.780 -3.936 .003
)
IQ .074 .014 .856 5.226 .000
a. Dependent Variable: GPA
Regression
Variables Entered/Removeda
Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 StudyTimeb . Enter
a. Dependent Variable: GPA
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary
Std. Error of
R Adjusted R the
Model R Square Square Estimate
1 .829a
.687 .655 .4691
a. Predictors: (Constant), StudyTime
ANOVAa
Sum of Mean
Model Squares df Square F Sig.
1 Regressio
4.822 1 4.822 21.906 .001b
n
Residual 2.201 10 .220
Total 7.023 11
a. Dependent Variable: GPA
b. Predictors: (Constant), study time
Coefficients
Standardize
Unstandardized d
Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant
.098 .484 .202 .844
)
StudyTim
.192 .041 .829 4.680 .001
e
a. Dependent Variable: GPA
Regression
Variables Entered/Removeda
Variables Variables
Model Entered Removed Method
1 StudyTimeb . Enter
a. Dependent Variable: IQ
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary
Std. Error of
R Adjusted R the
Model R Square Square Estimate
1 .560a .314 .245 8.014
a. Predictors: (Constant), StudyTime
ANOVAa
Sum of Mean
Model Squares df Square F Sig.
1 Regressio
294.000 1 294.000 4.578 .058b
n
Residual 642.250 10 64.225
Total 936.250 11
a. Dependent Variable: IQ
b. Predictors: (Constant), StudyTime
Coefficientsa
Standardize
Unstandardized d
Coefficients Coefficients
Model B Std. Error Beta t Sig.
1 (Constant
108.250 8.276 13.081 .000
)
Study
1.500 .701 .560 2.140 .058
Time
a. Dependent Variable: IQ
4. Write a learning reflection on this activity. Use the following
guide questions in crafting your learning reflections (using at least
10 sentences):
a. Write everything that you have learned about Multiple Linear Regression
b. When can Multiple Linear Regression be used?
c. As a MAED/MBA/MPA student, what possible study or problem that you
could explore or investigate wherein you could utilize Multiple
Linear
Regression as statistical tool for data processing? Explain
further how you
will gather the data and run the statistical procedure using
SPSS.
Linear Regression is being used to determine whether there is
significant relationship between to variable which is the dependent and
independent variable. Based from the video that I’ve watched; the
dependent variable was the General Point Average (GDP) and the
independent variable is the IQ of the students and their Study Time. It tries
to understand how the two independent variables impacts the GDP. In order
to get the result first is to develop three equations. The first one is going to
be the based upon IQ and Study Time. The second one is just the IQ and the
third one will be just study time. This is very important to know that you can
use multiple linear regression when you want to know how strong the
relationship is between two or more independent variables and one
dependent variable. It allows you to estimate how a dependent
variable changes as the independent variable change.
As a MAED student one example study that requires a Multiple Linear
Regression is to know the competence of pre-service teacher during
pandemic since preparing skillful, competent and motivated teachers
equipped with all the fundamental pedagogical and content knowledge and
language proficiency has become a challenging priority in many countries.
My dependent variable will be the GPA of the pre-service teacher during their
final demonstration and the independent variable will be the number of
hours in service and result of the English proficiency. I will give them English
proficiency test then gather the data and put it in the SPSS along with their
number of services they accumulated during their pre-service period. I will
also get the data from their critic teachers regarding the grades in their final
demonstration. Using Linear Regression, I will know the level of competence
of the Pre-Service Teacher by comparing the relationship between the 1
dependent variable and 2 independent variables.
