Assignment No.

DISPLACEMENT METHOD OF ANALYSIS MOMENT DISTRIBUTION METHOD

1. In the cantilever beam shown in the given figure, 𝛿2 , is the deflection under X
due to load 𝑊1 at Y and 𝛿1 is the deflection under Y due to load 𝑊2 at X. The
𝛿
ratio of 𝛿1 is
2
 𝑊
a) 𝑊1
2

𝑊
2
b) 𝑊 +𝑊
1 2

𝑊
c) 𝑊2
1

𝑊
1
d) 𝑊 +𝑊
1 2
Sol. (C)
Maxwells theorem

𝛿𝐴𝐵 = 𝛿𝐵𝐴 [an application of Betti’s law]

𝑊1 𝑊2
=
𝛿2 𝛿1

𝛿1 𝑊
= 𝑊2
𝛿2 1
2. In the figures shown below 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧 are the deflections under A,B and C due to
loads P and Q. 𝑥 ′ , 𝑦 ′ , and 𝑧′ are the deflection under A,B and C due to unit load
at C. The deflection z would equal to

a) 𝑃𝑥 + 𝑄𝑦

b) 𝑃𝑥 ′ + 𝑄𝑦′
 c) 𝑃𝑦 + 𝑄𝑥

d) 𝑃𝑦 ′ + 𝑄𝑥′

Directions:
The following items consists of two statements; one labelled as ‘Assertion (A)’ and the
other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the
answers to these items using the codes given below:
Codes:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
Sol. (B)
Applying Betti’s law
𝑃𝑥 ′ + 𝑄𝑦 ′ = 1 × 𝑍
3. Assertion (A): The total virtual work done by a system of force acting on a rigid
body in equilibrium during a virtual displacement is zero.
Reason (R): If a system of forces acting on a deformable body is in equilibrium,
as the body is subjected to a small deformation, the external virtual work done
by the force will also be zero.
Sol. (C)
Work done will be zero only if the deformations are zero
W = 𝐹 × (𝑆) ← displacement
∴ Statement (R) is wrong
4. Assertion (A): In the analysis of rigid frames, the usual practice is to consider the
strain energy due to flexure only.
Reason (R): The strain energies due to axial and shear forces are usually quite
small compared to that of flexure.
5. A symmetrical portal frame ABCD fixed at A and D carries a point load P as
shown in the figure below.

The number of points of contraflexure in the frame will be

a) One
b) Two
c) Three
d) Four
Sol. (D)
From the given loading data and distance
4 nos. of point of contraflexure in the frame
6. A fixed beam is subjected to moment 𝑀0 as shown in the figure below. The fixed
end moments will be

a) Zero

b) 𝑀0

c) 𝑀0 /2

d) 2𝑀0
Sol. (C)

3𝐿 𝐿
𝑀0 ×( )(3× −𝐿)
4 4
𝑀𝐴 =
𝐿2
 𝐿 3×𝐿
𝑀0 ( )( ×3−𝐿)
4 4
−
𝐿2

𝑀0 𝐿 𝐿 5 𝑀0
= × [ ] [3 × − 𝐿2 − ] = (− )
𝐿2 4 4 4𝐿 2
7. A propped cantilever of uniform flexural rigidity is loaded as shown in the given
figure. The bending moment at fixed end A is

a) 150 kN-m hogging

b) 300 kN-m sagging
c) 150 kN-m hogging
Sol. (A)

For fixed end COF = 1/2

𝑀𝐴 is hogging
8. Match List-I (Actual beam) with List-II (Conjugate beam) on the basis of analogy
and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:
List-I List-II
a) Curvature 1) Shear
b) Deflection 2) Load
c) Slope 3) Moment
Codes:
A B C
a) 2 1 3
b) 2 3 1
c) 3 1 2
d) 1 3 2
9. The strain energy due to bending in the cantilever beam shown in the figure is

𝑃𝐿
a) 3𝐸𝐼

𝑃2 𝐿3
b) 6𝐸𝐼
 𝑃2 𝐿3
c) 𝐸𝐼

𝑃2 𝐿3
d) 2𝐸𝐼
Sol. (B)
𝑀2 𝑑𝑥
Strain energy = 𝑈 = ∫
2𝐸𝐼

𝐿
𝐿 (𝑃𝑥)2 .𝑑𝑥 𝑃2 𝑥3
= ∫0 2𝐸𝐼 = ( )
2𝐸𝐼 3 0

𝑃2 𝐿3
𝑈=
6𝐸𝐼
10. If a point load acting at the mid-span of a fixed beam of uniform section
produces fixed end moments of 60 kN-m, then the same uniformly over the
entire span will produce fixed end moments equal to

a) 20 kN-m
b) 30 kN-m
c) 40 kN-m
d) 45 kN-m
Sol. (C)

𝑊𝑙
= 60
8

𝑤×𝐿 =𝑊

𝑊×𝐿 60×8
= = 40 kN/m
12 12
11. A uniform beam of span L is rigidity fixed at both supports. It carries a uniformly
distributed load ‘w’ per unit length. The bending moment at mid span is

𝑤𝐿2
a) 8

𝑤𝐿2
b) 12

𝑤𝐿2
c) 16

𝑤𝐿2
d) 24
Sol. (D)

𝑊𝑙 2 𝑊𝑙 2 𝑊𝑙 2
− =
8 12 24

𝑊𝑙 2
𝑀𝑚𝑖𝑑𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 24
12. Consider the following statements:
The principle of superposition is not applicable when
1) The material does not obey Hooke’s law.
2) The effect of temperature changes are taken into consideration.
3) The structure is being analyzed for the effect of support settlement.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

a) 1 only
b) 1 and 2
c) 2 and 3
d) 1,2 and 3
Sol. (A)
Hookes law is the basic (assumption) law of solid mechanics without which, the
linear relation-ship cannot be established b/w stress and strain
Hence only (i) is correct
When temperature changes / support yields, the case can be analysed (how-
ever, analysis becomes tedious and lengthy. Involving additional conditions).
Statement 2 & 3 are wrong.
13. Principle of minimum strain energy is

1) A particular case of Castigliano’s first theorem

2) A particular case of Castigliano’s second theorem
3) Applicable only when the redundant supports do not yield
4) Applicable even when the redundant supports yield

Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

a) 1 and 3
b) 1 and 4
c) 2 and 3
d) 2 and 4
Sol. (C)
Principle of least works
Or
Principle of min.strain Energy
Based on castigliano’s 2nd theorem
By castigliano’s 2nd theorem

Where 𝜆 = settlement of support

V = strain energy stored

If supports are unyielding or when there is no initial lack of fit, then this modifies
to
𝜕𝑣
=0
𝜕𝑅

This is called principle of min. strain energy

14. Match List-I (Assumption/Theorem) with List-II (Analysis and Strength) and
select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-I
a) Plane section remains plane before and after bending deformations
b) Elasticity and small deformations
c) Uniqueness theorem
d) Large deformations

List-II
1) Elastic analysis and superposition
2) Strain distribution and plastic moment of resistance
3) None-linear analysis and buckling load
4) Collapse load
Codes:
A B C D
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 1 4 3
c) 1 2 4 3
d) 2 1 3 4
Sol. (B)
 15. A uniform beam of length 2L and flexural rigidity EI is fixed at both the ends.
What is the moment required for unit rotation at the centre of span?

2𝐸𝐼
a) 𝐿

4𝐸𝐼
b) 𝐿

6𝐸𝐼
c) 𝐿

8𝐸𝐼
d) 𝐿

Directions:
The following items consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Assertion (A)’ and the
other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the
answers to these items using the codes given below:
Codes:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
Sol. (D)
Let the loading be M/EI diagram

𝜃𝐵 ⇒ shear at B

1 𝑀 𝐿 1 𝑀 2𝐿
𝜃𝐵 ⇒ ( × × )−( × × )
2 4𝐸𝐼 3 2 2𝐸𝐼 3

𝑀𝐿
∴ 𝜃𝐵 ⇒ − ( )
8𝐸𝐼

But 𝜃𝐵 ⇒ −1 (unit rotation)

8𝐸𝐼
∴ 𝑀=( )
𝐿
16. Assertion (A): In the elastic-plastic behavior of statically indeterminate
structures the ultimate load can be calculated from equilibrium considerations
without any reference to the stiffness characteristics of the structure.
Reason (R): The ultimate load of a structure is influenced by settlement of
supports, thermal stress and residual stresses.
17. Consider the following statements regarding the analysis of indeterminate
structures:

1) The force method consists in applying displacement compatibility conditions

at the nodes.
2) The stiffness method consists in formulating equilibrium equations at the
nodes.

Which of these statements is/are correct?

a) Only 1
b) Only 2
c) Both 1 and 2
d) Neither 1 nor 2
Sol. (C)
Force method, compatibility method, Equilibrium method Displacement
flexibility method method Stiffness method
Virtual work/unit load method Slope deflection Kanis method
→ 3 moment theorem Moment distribution method
→ consistent deformation
→ castigliano’s theorem of min. strain
energy
Forces are unknown use displacement Displacement force equilibrium
and compatibility equation.

This table provides the brief information of various methods used in structural
analysis Both the statements are correct
18. A beam carries a uniformly distributed load throughout its length. In which of
the following configuration will the strain energy be maximum?

a) Cantilever
b) Simply supported beam
c) Propped cantilever
d) Fixed
Sol. (A)
𝑀2 𝑑𝑥
𝑈=∫ 2𝐸𝐼

∴ 𝑈 ∝ 𝑀2
19. When a load is applied to a structure with rigid joints

a) There is no rotation or displacement of joint

b) There is no rotation of joint
c) There is no displacement of joint
d) There can be rotation and displacement of joint but the angle between the
members connected to the joint remains same even after application of the
load
Sol. (D)
This is basic understanding. A rigid joint deforms rigidity i.e., 90o angle does not
change
20. The propped cantilever AB carries a uniformly distributed load of q/unit length.
𝑞𝐿2
In this condition the moment reaction 𝑀𝐴 = 8

What is the clockwise moment required at B to make the slope of the deflection
curve equal to zero?

𝑞𝐿2
a) 8
 𝑞𝐿2
b) 16

𝑞𝐿2
c) 12

𝑞𝐿2
d) 4
Sol. (C)
𝑞𝐿2
8

Making end B fixed end

And slope 𝜃𝐵 = 0
𝑞𝐿2
Moment required at 𝐵 = ( 12 )
21. For the propped cantilever shown in the figure below, a hinge is provided at C. A
and B are at the same level. What is the force reaction at the fixed end A?

a) 4P/3
b) P
c) 3P/4
d) P/2
Sol. (B)

∴ 𝑅𝐴 = 𝑃

∴ ∑𝑀𝐵 = 0

i.e., CB part does not carry any load

22. A fixed end beam of uniform cross-section is loaded uniformly throughout the
span. What is the proportion of the bending moment at the centre to the end
moment considering only elastic conditions?

a) 1:1
b) 1:2
c) 1:4
d) 2:3
Sol. (B)

1
𝑀𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒
= 24
1 = 1: 2
𝑀𝑒𝑛𝑑
12
23. The stiffness K of a beam deflecting in a symmetric mode, as shown in the figure,
is

𝐸𝐼
a) 𝐿

2𝐸𝐼
b) 𝐿
 4𝐸𝐼
c) 𝐿

6𝐸𝐼
d) 𝐿
Sol. (B)

𝑊𝑎𝑏(𝑙+𝑏)
𝜃𝐴 = 6𝐸𝐼.𝑙

𝑊𝑎𝑏(𝑙+𝑎)
𝜃𝐵 = 6𝐸𝐼.𝑙

For the given symmetric loading.

 𝑊𝑎𝑏
𝜃 = 6𝐸𝐼.𝑙 (2𝑙 + 𝑎 + 𝑏)

𝑊𝑎𝑏
𝜃 = 6𝐸𝐼×2 = 1

2𝐸𝐼
𝐾=𝑊= 𝑎𝑏

𝐹 𝑀
𝐾 = 𝛿 = 𝜃=1

𝑀
𝜃 = 2𝐸𝐼

2𝐸𝐼
𝑀= 𝐿
24. The unit load method used in structural analysis is

a) Applicable only to statically indeterminate structures

b) Another name for stiffness method
c) An extension of Maxwell’s reciprocal theorem
d) Derived from Castigliano’s theorem
Sol. (D)
Unit load method →castigliono’s theorem
25. For a linear elastic structural system, minimization of potential energy yields

a) Compatibility conditions
b) Constitutive relations
c) Equilibrium equations
d) Strain-displacement relations
26. The plane frame below is analyzed be neglecting axial deformations. Following
statements are made with respect to the analysis:

1) Column AB carries axial force only.

2) Vertical deflection at the center of beam BC is 1 mm.

With reference to the above statements, which of the following applies?

a) Both the statements are true
b) Statement 1 is true but 2 is false
c) Statement 2 is true but 1 is false
d) Both the statements are false
Sol. (A)
5 𝑊𝐿4
𝛿 = 384 𝐸𝐼

4
5 10×54 ×(103 )
= 384 × 81380

= 1 𝑚𝑚

∑𝑀𝐷 = 0

There are no horizontal loads

∴ 𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐷 = 25 kN
⇒ AB carries only axial load thus, the system transforms to
Where 𝛿 = 1 𝑚𝑚
∴ both the statements are correct
27. Vertical reaction developed at B in the frame below due to the applied load of
100 kN (with 150,000) 𝑚𝑚2 cross-sectional area and 3.125 × 109 𝑚𝑚4 moment
of inertia for both members) is
a) 5.9 kN
b) 30.2 kN
c) 66.3 kN
d) 94.1 kN
Sol. (A)
Separate the structure at hinge deflection at A is same
[due to loading in AB]
= [due to compression in AC]

𝐿3 𝑅𝐴 𝐿
(100 − 𝑅𝐴 ) =
3𝐸𝐼 𝐴𝐸

𝑃𝐿
𝛿 = 𝐴𝐸

𝑅 = 5.9 𝑘𝑁
28. The following methods are used for structural analysis:

1) Macaulay method
2) Column analogy method
3) Kani’s method
4) Method of sections

Those used for indeterminate structural analysis would include

a) 1 and 2
b) 1 and 3
c) 2 and 3
d) 2,3 and 4
29. If the flexural rigidity of the beam BC of the portal frame shown in the given
figure is assumed to be zero, then the horizontal displacement of the beam
would be
 𝑃ℎ3
a) 3𝐸𝐼

𝑃ℎ3
b) 24𝐸𝐼

𝑃ℎ3
c) 12𝐸𝐼

𝑃ℎ3
d) 6𝐸𝐼
Sol. (B)

12𝐸𝐼𝛿 12𝐸𝐼𝛿 24𝐸𝐼𝛿

𝑃= + =
ℎ3 ℎ3 ℎ3

⇒ 𝑃ℎ3
𝛿=
24𝐸𝐼
30. A fixed beam AB with a central hinge C is built of two components. AC is rigid
and CB has a moment of inertia I. When support A yields and rotates through 𝜃,
what is the moment at B?

𝐸𝐼𝜃
a) 𝑙

2𝐸𝐼𝜃
b) 𝑙

3𝐸𝐼𝜃
c) 𝑙

4𝐸𝐼𝜃
d) 𝑙
Sol. (C)
EI Constant

𝑃𝐿3
∆= 𝐿 × 𝜃 = 3𝐸𝐼

3𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼𝜃
𝑀𝐵 = 𝑃𝐿 = 𝐿𝜃. =
𝐿2 𝐿
31. A continuous beam ABC is loaded with a concentrated moment at B. End
reactions at C is calculated as 𝑅0 . Keeping all conditions same, if the end C is
fixed, what is the reaction (𝑅𝐶 ) at C?

a) Zero

b) Equal to 𝑅0

c) Greater than 𝑅0

d) Less than 𝑅0
Directions:
The following items consists of two statements; one labelled as ‘Assertion (A)’ and
the other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and
select the answers to these items using the codes given below:

Codes:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
Sol. (C)

C will attract moment from B.

∴ Its reaction (𝑅𝐶 ) will also increase
32. Assertion (A): The principle of superposition for deflection of beams subjected to
a number of loads can be applied in the case of large deformations.
Reason (R): In the principle of superposition, the resultant deflection due to all
the loads will be the algebraic sum of the deflections due to each load acting
separately.
Sol. (D)
Principle of superposition is applied only for small deformations, because As de-
formation increases, member reaches its plastic zone, where hooke’s is not
valid.
(Non-linear variation comes into effect If hooke’s law is not valid principle of
superposition cannot be applied
33. A member coordinate system is shown in the given figure. The symmetric
stiffness square matrix obtained for the member AB of length L with flexural
rigidity ‘EI’ by using the slope deflection equation and rules of matrix
multiplication is as follows:

θA
MAB Symmetric δA
SAB 2EI Stiffness
[ ]= [ ] L
MBA L Square θB
SBA Matrix δB
[L]
The correct sequence of elements of the first row of the symmetric stiffness
square matrix is
a) 2,3,1 and 3
b) 2,3,-1 and -3
c) 2,3,1 and -3
d) 1,3,2 and -3
34. Match List-I with List-II with respect to the diagram given below and select the
correct answer using the codes given below the lists:

List-I List-II
3
a) Moment at B 1) 8 𝑤𝐿

4𝐸𝐼
b) Slope at A 2) 𝐿

𝑤𝐿2
c) Reaction at A 3) 1.50 M where 𝑀 = 12
 𝑀𝐿 𝑤𝐿2
d) Stiffness of AB 4) 4𝐸𝐼 where 𝑀 = 12

Codes:
A B C D
A) 2 1 4 3
B) 3 1 4 2
C) 3 4 1 2
D) 2 4 1 3
Sol. (C)

By compatibility,
 𝛿1 = 𝛿2

𝑤𝑙 4 𝑅𝑙 3
⇒ = 3𝐸𝐼
8𝐸𝐼

3𝑊𝑙
Reaction at A, 𝑅 = 8

3𝑊𝑙 𝑊𝑙 2
Moment at B, 𝑀𝐵 = − ×𝑙+
8 2

3𝑊𝑙 2 𝑊𝑙 2 +𝑊𝑙 2
= + =
8 2 8

Slope at A,
𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 0
2𝐸𝐼
= 𝑀𝐹𝐴𝐵 + (2𝜃𝐴 + 𝜃𝐵 )
𝑙
 𝑊𝑙 2 2𝐸𝐼
=− 12
+ 𝑙
= (2𝜃𝐴 )

𝑊𝑙 2 4𝐸𝐼𝜃𝐴
⇒ =
12 𝑙

𝑊𝑙 2
Let =𝑀
12

𝑀𝑙
⇒ 𝜃𝐴 = 4𝐸𝐼
35. A fixed beam AB of span L uniformly distributed load w per unit length. During
𝑤𝐿4
loading, the support B sinks downwards by an amount d. If = 72𝐸𝐼 , what is the
fixing moment at B?

𝑤𝐿2
a) 12

𝑤𝐿2
b) 6

6𝐸𝐼𝛿
c) 𝐿2

d) Zero
Sol. (D)

Applying principle of superposition,

 𝑊𝐿2 6𝐸𝐼𝛿
𝑀𝐵 = 12
( )+ 𝑙2
( )

𝑊𝐿2 6𝐸𝐼 𝑊𝐿4

= − (72𝐸𝐼 )
12 𝑙2

𝑊𝐿2 𝑊𝐿2
= − =0
12 12
36. What is the value of 𝜃𝐵 for the beam shown in figure below?

a) Zero
 15
b) 𝐸𝐼 anticlockwise

30
c) anticlockwise
𝐸𝐼

30
d) 𝐸𝐼 clockwise
Sol. (B)

Note: Moment will be distributed on the basis of distribution factors.

 4𝐸𝐼
𝑘= 𝑙

Total stiffness of the joint ’B’

4𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼
∑𝐾𝐵 = +
𝐿 𝐿

8𝐸𝐼 8𝐸𝐼 𝑀
𝐾𝐵 = = , [𝐾 = 𝜃=1]
𝐿 6

8𝐸𝐼𝜃
𝑀= 6

20×6 15
𝜃= = ( )
8𝐸𝐼 𝐸𝐼
37. The given figure shows a portal frame with one end fixed and other hinged. The
𝑀
ratio of the fixed end moments 𝑀𝐵𝐴 due to side sway will be
𝐶𝐷
a) 1.0
b) 2.0
c) 2.5
d) 3.0
Sol. (A)

𝐿 2
𝑀𝐵𝐴 6𝐸𝐼𝛿×( ) 6
2
= = = 1.0
𝑀𝐶𝐷 𝐿2 ×3𝐸(0.5𝐼)𝛿 3×0.5×4
38. The rigid portal frame shown in the given figure will not have any side sway if

𝐼1 = the moment of inertia of the column cross-section

𝐼2 = the moment of inertia of the beam cross-section
a) It is subjected to vertical loading only

b) 𝐼2 = 2𝐼1

c) The loading is symmetrical about its centre line

d) Loaded in any manner

Sol. (C)

Loading should be symmetrical about the centre line.

As long as loading and properties of structure are symmetrical, sway will not
occur.
𝐼1 & 𝐼2 do not have relation to control sway
39. For the portal frame shown in the given figure, the shear equation is
 𝑀𝐵𝐶 +𝑀𝐶𝐷
a) +𝑃 =0
4

𝑀𝐵𝐴 +𝑀𝐴𝐵
b) +𝑃 =0
4

𝑀𝐵𝐴 +𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝑀𝐶𝐷

c) + +𝑃 =0
4 4

𝑀𝐶𝐷
d) +𝑃 =0
4
Sol. (C)

𝑀𝐵𝐴 +𝑀𝐴𝐵 𝑀𝐶𝐷

+ +𝑃 =0
4 4
Shear equation
40. A steel frame is shown in the given figure.
If joint O of the frame is rigid, the rotational stiffness of the frame at point O is
given by

11𝐸𝐼
a) 𝐿

10𝐸𝐼
b) 𝐿

8𝐸𝐼
c) 𝐿

6𝐸𝐼
d) 𝐿
Sol. (A)
Rotational stiffness of joint
0
∑𝐾0 = 𝐾0𝐴 + 𝐾0𝐵 + 𝐾0𝐶 + 𝐾0𝐷

4𝐸𝐼 3𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼 11𝐸𝐼

= + + =
𝐿 𝐿 𝐿 𝐿
41. In the frame shown in the figure below, the value of 𝑀𝐶𝐷 will be

𝑤𝐿2
a) 12
 𝑤𝐿2
b) 6

𝑤𝐻 2
c) 6

d) zero
Sol. (D)
No sway case [perfectly symmetric
loading

properties (L,I)
42. for the rigid frame shown in the figure below, the force required for moving the
girder AB through a horizontal displacement ∆ is given by
 6𝐸𝐼∆
a) 𝐿3

8𝐸𝐼∆
b) 𝐿3

9𝐸𝐼∆
c) 𝐿3

15𝐸𝐼∆
d) 𝐿3
43. For the portal frame shown in the figure below, the final end moments are:-

𝑀𝐴𝐵 = 15 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚
𝑀𝐵𝐴 = 10 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

𝑀𝐶𝐷 = 20 𝑘𝑁 − 𝑚

The end moment at 𝑀𝐷𝐶 will be

a) 10 kN-m
b) 20 kN-m
c) 30 kN-m
d) 40 kN-m
Sol. (B)

𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐷 = 10 kN ..(i)
 ∑𝑀𝐵 = 0

⇒ −𝑅𝐴 × 5 + 15 + 10 + 10 × 2.5 = 0

⇒ 𝑅𝐴 = 10 kN

∴ 𝑅𝐷 = 0

∑𝑀𝐶 = 0

⇒ 20 + 𝑀𝐷𝐶 − 𝑅𝐷 × 5 = 0

𝑀𝐷𝐶 = −20 kN-m

44. The moment at the indeterminate support of a two-span continuous beams of 6
m each with simple support at the ends carrying a udl of 20 kN/m over only the
left span is (Flexural rigidity is the same for both the spans)

a) 90 kN-m hogging
b) 45 kNm hogging
c) 45 kNm sagging
d) Zero
Sol. (B)

𝑀𝑅 = 45 kN-m (hogging)
45. For the frame shown in the figure, the distribution factors for members CB, CD
and CG are respectively (Assume EI as constant)
 14 8 7
a) 29 , 29 and 29

7 14 8
b) 29 , 29 and 29

7 8 14
c) 29 , 29 and 29

14 7 8
d) 29 , 29 and 29
Sol. (B)
Distribution factor of CB, CD, CG are respectively.

Joint Memb. Stiffness DF

4𝐸𝐼 1 14
=
CD 𝐿 4 29
C CG 4𝐸𝐼 1 8
=
CB 𝐿 7 29
4𝐸𝐼 1 7
=
𝐿 8 29
29
∑𝐾 =
56
46. Which one of the following steps is NOT correct in the application of moment
distribution method?

a) The distribution factors are first computed.

b) All supports are assumed fixed or locked and fixed end moments are
computed for each span, considered separate from every other span.
c) Each support is now unlocked and the unbalanced moment is distributed to
each adjacent span. Then each support is relocked.
d) After distributing the unbalanced moment to each adjacent span, one half of
this amount, with opposite sign is carried over to the other end of respective
span.
47. An applied couple ‘M’ is moving on a simply supported beam of span L as shown
in the given figure. The absolute maximum bending moment developed in the
beam is

a) M/2
b) M
c) 3M/2
d) 2M

Directions:
The following items consists of two statements one labelled as ‘Assertion (A)’
and the other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two statements
carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:

Codes:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
Sol. (B)

ILD for BM at the end.

Max. value = M
(Occur when o is Just at the support)
48. Assertion (A): The slope-deflection method is a stiffness method in which the
joint displacements are found by applying the equilibrium conditions at each
joint.
Reason (R): The displacements at a joint of a member are independent of the
displacements of the member at the far end of the joint.
49. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given
below the lists:
List-I List-II
a) Strain energy method 1) Successive approximation
b) Slope deflection 2) Flexibility method
c) Moment distribution 3) Iteration process
d) Kani’s method 4) stiffness method

Codes:
A B C D
A) 1 4 2 3
B) 2 3 1 4
C) 1 3 2 4
D) 2 4 1 3
50. What is the ratio of magnitudes of moments in the member BC at the ends B and
C in the figure given below?

a) 1:1
b) 3:1
c) 3:4
d) 1:3
Sol. (D)

3
𝑀𝐵𝐴 𝑀
= 7
9 = 1: 3
𝑀𝐶𝐵 𝑀
7
 4𝐸𝐼 4
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = =7
𝐿

3𝐸𝐼 3
𝐾𝐵𝐴 = =7
𝐿

1:3
51. Consider the following statements:

Hardy Cross method of moment distribution can be applied to analyze

1) Continuous beams including non-prismatic structures
2) Continuous beams with prismatic elements
3) Structures with intermediate hinges
4) Rigid frames

Which of these statements are correct?

a) 1,2,3 and 4
b) Only 1,2 and 3
c) Only 1,2 and 4
d) Only 3 and 4
52. What is the carry-over factor from A to B while using moment distribution for
analyzing beam as shown in the figure given below?

a) 1/2
b) 1.0
c) <1/2
d) >1/2
Sol. (C)

𝐶𝑂𝐹𝐴 = 1/2

When stiffness is different, stiffer part attracts greater load.

∴ AC shares greater load and transfers less load to end B.
53. What is the rotation of the member at C for a frame as shown in figure below?
 𝑀𝐿
a) 3𝐸𝐼

𝑀𝐿
b) 4𝐸𝐼

𝑀𝐿
c) 6𝐸𝐼

𝑀𝐿
d) 12𝐸𝐼

Directions:
The following items consists of two statements; one labelled as ‘Assertion (A)’
and the other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two statements
carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:
Codes:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but R is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
Sol. (D)

Same stiffness
𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐾𝐵𝐴
 1
∴ 𝐷𝐹 = 2

𝑀 𝐿 𝑀𝐿
𝜃𝐶 = ( 2 ) 6𝐸𝐼 = 12𝐸𝐼
54. Assertion (A): The moment distribution and slope-deflection methods of
structural analysis are essentially stiffness methods.
Reason (R): In the moment distribution and slope-deflection equations are
solved without writing them explicitly.
55. All members of the frame shown below have the same flexural rigidity EI and
length L. If a moment M is applied at joint B, the rotation of the joint is

𝑀𝐿
a) 12𝐸𝐼

𝑀𝐿
b) 11𝐸𝐼

𝑀𝐿
c) 8𝐸𝐼

𝑀𝐿
d) 7𝐸𝐼
Sol. (B)

𝐸𝐼 11𝐸𝐼
∑𝐾𝐵 = (4 + 4 + 3) =
𝐿 𝐿
 𝑀
𝐾= 𝜃

𝑀𝐿
∴ 𝜃 = 11𝐸𝐼
56. Carry-over factor 𝐶𝐴𝐵 for the beam shown in the figure below is

a) 1/4
b) 1/2
c) 3/4
d) 1
Common Data for Questions 57 and 58:
A two span continuous beam having equal spans each of length L is subjected to
a uniformly distributed load w per unit length. The beam has constant flexural
rigidity.
Sol. (D)
Separate at internal hinge
At joint A, ∑𝑀𝐴 = 0
𝑅=0

⇒ AC will not resist load by it self.

𝐶𝐴𝐵 = carry over when unit moments is applied at A
∴ 𝐶𝑂𝐹 = 1
What ever moment applied at A is transferred to B.
57. The reaction at the middle support is

a) 𝑤𝐿

5𝑤𝐿
b)
2

5𝑤𝐿
c) 4

5𝑤𝐿
d) 8
Sol. (B)
𝑅𝐵 =? 𝑀𝐵 =?

Remove support ‘B’

5 𝑊(2𝐿 )4 𝑅𝐵 (2𝐿)3
(↓ ) = (↑ )
384 𝐸𝐼 48𝐸𝐼
5 𝑅𝐵
× (2𝐿)𝑊 =
384 48

5𝑊𝐿
𝑅𝐵 = (↑ )
4
58. The bending moment at the middle support is

𝑤𝐿2
a) 4

𝑤𝐿2
b) 8

𝑤𝐿2
c) 12

𝑤𝐿2
d) 16
Sol. (B)
𝑀𝐵 =?

𝑅𝐴 + 𝑅𝐵 + 𝑅𝐶 = 𝑊 × 2𝐿

𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐶
(Symmetrical loading)
5𝑊𝐿
2𝑊𝐿− 3𝑊𝐿
𝑅𝐴 = 4
=
2 8

3𝑊𝐿 𝐿
𝑀𝐵 = × 𝐿 − 𝑊𝐿 ×
8 2

𝑊𝐿2
𝑀𝐵 = −
8
59. In an otherwise symmetrical portal frame with one end fixed and the other end
hinged, the hinge support sinks by an amount D. The fixed end bending moment
induced at each end of the horizontal member of the frame due to the sinking of
the support will be (given that L is the length of the member and EI is the flexural
stiffness)

3𝐸𝐼∆
a) 𝐿2

4𝐸𝐼∆
b) 𝐿2

2𝐸𝐼∆
c) 𝐿2

6𝐸𝐼∆
d) 𝐿2

Directions:
The following items consists of two statements; one labelled as ‘Assertion (A)’
and the other as ‘Reason (R)’. You are to examine these two statements
carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:

Codes:
a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b) Both A and R are true but is not a correct explanation of A
c) A is true but R is false
d) A is false but R is true
Sol. (D)
60. Assertion (A): For a beam with one end fixed and the other end hinged, when a
positive moment M is applied to the hinged end of the beam, a positive moment
M/2 will be transferred to the other end.
Reason (R): As the fixed end remains horizontal and the hinged end does not
deflect, a tangent at the fixed end must pass through the hinged end, that is the
moment of the area of the total bending moment diagram about the hinged end
must be equal to zero.
Sol. (A)

Both the statements are correct

∑𝑀𝐵 = 0
61. Members AB and BC in the figure shown are identical. Due to a moment 2M
applied at B, what is the value of axial force in the member AB?

a) M/L (compression)
b) M/L (tension)
c) 1.5M/L (compression)
d) 1.5M/L (tension)
Sol. (D)

Stiffness 𝐾𝐵𝐶 = 𝐾𝐴𝐵

∴ Moments are equally distributed

3𝑀
Axial force in AB = 2𝐿
(tension)
62. What is the horizontal sway of the point A of the portal frame shown in the
figure given below?

𝑃𝐿3
a) 3𝐸𝐼
 𝑃𝐿3
b) 9𝐸𝐼

𝑃𝐿3
c) 12𝐸𝐼

𝑃𝐿3
d) 15𝐸𝐼
Sol. (D)
 15𝐸𝐼𝛿
Total reaction =
𝑙3

15𝐸𝐼𝛿
𝑃=
𝑙3

𝑃𝑙 3
𝛿= (→)
15𝐸𝐼
63. What is the fixed end moment for the beam shown in the figure given below?

a) 𝑀0

b) 2𝑀0 /3

c) 𝑀0 /3

d) 𝑀0 /6
Sol. (B)

Let moment A be 𝑀𝐴 and moment at B

= 𝑀𝐵 (from symmetry 𝑀𝐴 = 𝑀𝐵 = 𝑚)

BMD about B:
 𝑀
(moment diagram by part) diagram
𝐸𝐼

Using moment area method

Area of moment diagram×length of centroid of area from B

𝛿𝐵 = 𝛿𝐴 + 𝜃𝐴 + 𝐿 + ( EI
)
As 𝛿𝐵 = 𝛿𝐴 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃𝐴 = 0

𝑀 𝐿 𝑀 𝐿 𝐿 𝑀0 𝐿
⇒ − 2𝐸𝐼 × 𝐿 × 2 − (2𝐸𝐼 ) × 2 × 2 + ×2+0+0=0
𝐸𝐼

𝑀𝐿2 𝑀𝐿2 𝑀0 𝐿2
∴ + =
4𝐸𝐼 8𝐸𝐼 4𝐸𝐼

3𝑀 𝑀
⇒ = 4𝐸𝐼0
8𝐸𝐼

2
𝑀 = 3 𝑀0
64. The figure given below shows a rigid frame fixed at A and hinged at C. If a pure
moment of 20 kN-m is applied at B in the plane of the figure, then what is the
moment at the fixed end A?
a) 10 kN-m
b) 7.5 kN-m
c) 5 kN-m
d) 2.5 kN-m
Sol. (C)
Joint Member Stiffness DF
3𝐸𝐼
= 𝐸𝐼
BC 𝐿 1/2
B 4𝐸𝐼
BA = 𝐸𝐼 1/2
𝐿
∑𝐾 = 2𝐸𝐼
Since far end is fixed,
COF = 1/2
∴ 𝑀𝐴 = 5 kN-m
65. Consider the following statements:

In the stiffness method of analysis,

1) Statically indeterminate structures alone are considered
2) Both statically determinate and indeter-minate structures can be considered
3) It is necessary to identify the redundants
4) The displacement are considered as the unknowns
5) To calculate the displacements and establish the equations of equilibrium, it
will be convenient to develop the stiffness matrix for the structure

Which of these statements are correct?

a) 1,3 and 4
b) 1,3 and 5
c) 2,4 and 5
d) 2,3,4 and 5
 ANSWERS
1. (C) 19. (D) 37. (A)
2. (B) 20. (C) 38. (C)
3. (C) 21. (B) 39. (C)
4. (A) 22. (B) 40. (A)
5. (D) 23. (B) 41. (D)
6. (C) 24. (D) 42. (D)
7. (A) 25. (A) 43. (B)
8. (B) 26. (A) 44. (B)
9. (B) 27. (A) 45. (B)
10. (C) 28. (C) 46. (D)
11. (D) 29. (D) 47. (B)
12. (A) 30. (C) 48. (B)
13. (C) 31. (C) 49. (D)
14. (B) 32. (D) 50. (D)
15. (D) 33. (C) 51. (A)
16. (C) 34. (C) 52. (C)
17. (C) 35. (D) 53. (D)
18. (A) 36. (B) 54. (B)
55. (B) 59. (D) 63. (B)
56. (D) 60. (A) 64. (C)
57. (C) 61. (D) 65. (C)
58. (B) 62. (D)