CONTENT ‘Know Your Computer Parts of Computer Keybourd Computers Around Us Fundamentals and Devices Computer Care CIGHAPTER #2, ‘Software How Many Types of Software? System Software ‘Application Software Understanding Hardware Hardware Why Care of PC is Important? Central Processing Unit (CPU) Contra Unit Arithmetic & Logic Unit, Main Memory Windows How many Versions of Windows? Windows Upgrade Windows 3.4 Windows 95 Windows 98 Windows ME Windows NT Windows 2000 Windows XP Operating System Processor ‘MotherboardCICHAPTER #4 Data Processing Cycle Electronic Data Processing Cycle CHAPTER #3. Categories of Computers ‘Main Frame Computer ‘Mini Frame Computer ‘Micro Computer Super Computer ‘Analog Computer ‘Hybrid Computer Work Station ‘Micto( Computers Personal Computers ‘Network Computer (NCS) Desktops Laptops Personal Digital Assistants (PDAS) ‘Apple Computer What is Bluetooth Bluetooth Technology Whatiis WiFi? Infrared DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) Introduction to Internet, Intranet & Fthernet IP internet Protocol) Virus CHAPTER #@ Storage Devine Internal //Primary Storage Devices (@ RAM (Random Access Memory) 0) [ROM (ReadOnly Memory) ‘External /“Secondary Storage Devices: (@ Hardware (b Floppy Drive (9 CDROM ({) ‘Mobile Memory Disk (@ Cache Memory. @) \CHAPTER iD (01 _[iypesiof Monitor 19Typesof Monitor (@ —Accoring'to the Color: a. ‘Monochrome Monitor ‘b. (Color Monitor 1. (CGA (Color Graphics Adapter) 2. IBGA\ Enhanced Graphics Adapter) 3. \WGA\(Video Graphics Array) 4, ‘SVGA (Super Video Graphics Array) Gi) “Accoriling to'the Screen Types: a. ‘Monitor with(CRT (Cathode Ray-Tube) Screen he Track Pad Bar Code Readers ‘Image Scanner & Optical Character Recognition (OCR) PC Projectors Intel Processors Information Technology (IT) Why/lnformation Technology is Important? Virus (Calor Categories World Wide Web (www) E-Mail Online Network ‘Speaker RAM (Random Access Memory) ROM (Read-Only Memory) ‘BIT (Binary Digit) Byte Software Hardware Windows ‘DOS (Disk Operating System) Microsoft Office: a. (MS Word . (MS PowerPoint ©. IMS ExcelCHAPTER # 01 COMPUTER: Computer is basically an Electronic device which can perform Arithmetic and Logical ‘operation. ‘A Computer is an electronic machine that is useful to process data Converting the data into information DATA: Any collection of facts and figures is called data. Computer can process all kinds of data It can solve mathematical problems and do logical operations. TYPES OF DATA: There are three types of data 1. Alphabetic Data. 2. Numeric Data. 3. Alphanumeric or String Data. ALPHABETIC DATA: Alphabetic data consists of only alphabets (A to Z) and blank spaces. NUMERIC DATA: The data represented in the form of numbers, is called numeric data. This includes Numbers. from 0 to 9, decimal point, + sign, - sign. Mathematical operations of an Addition Subtraction, Muttiplication and Division, can be performed through this type of data, ALPHANUMERIC OR STRING DATA: The alphabets and numbers are in this type of data. The data composed of alphabets and digits is called “Alphanumeric Data” This type of data consists of alphabetic characters, numeric digits and all special characters like =, +, *, $, @, (), {). All types of data are called information such as “Global Institute of Medica", 10, 599, 700, A” is a Form of data with five data items, which are: Al “student of 10" class got 99 marks out of 700 and secured ‘A’ grade” is an information.CHAPTER #O2 000 ‘SOFTWARE: Software is a set of electronic instructions consisting of complex codes (also Known as programs) that makes the computer perform tasks. Software is basically program and run on the Computer. Software is any Instructions are called software. HOW MANY TYPES OF SOFTWARE? There are two types of Software: 1. System Software. 2. Application Software. (i) System Software: «System software is handling by Hardware. * System software is machine mechanism, * System software is operating the machine mechanism. Example: (a) Assembler (b) Compiler (0) Interpreter (d) Encoder (e) Decoder Etc (ii) Application Software: * Application software is word like calculation software. + Application software is GU! based software (Graphic User Interface), + Application software is user friendly software. Example: Word processing software for creating text-based documents such as Newsletters or brochures Spreadsheets for creating numeric-based documents such as budgets or balance sheets. Database management software for building and manipulating large sets of dataPresentation programs for creating and presenting electronics slide shows Graphics programs for designing illustrations or manipulating Photographs, Movies or Animations Multimedia authoring applications {or building digital movies that incorporate sound video, animation, and interactive features. HARDWARE: The physical components of computer are called “Hardware”. This equipment consists of ‘electronic or mechanical parts, which perform actual processing and used for Input and Output. The keyboard, monitor, disk drive and printer are examples of hardware.WHY IS CARE OF PC IMPORTANT? (i) Will increase its lite. (ii) Will reduce its cost and expenditure. (ii) Will save time which will be lost in repairing it CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU): BRAIN OF THE COMPUTER: The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the main processing device in ‘a computer. CPU is called the brain of computer Millions of calculations can be done per second in this chip. ‘The CPU consists of Three Components ‘The Control Unit, The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU), and Main Memory. ‘The control unit directs the computer, like a traffic policeman directing cars. The Control Unit directs electrical impulses between the ALU and Main Memory. It also controls working between the CPU and the peripheral devices. ARITHMETIC AND LOGIC UNIT: The Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ‘Arithmetic operations are Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication and Division. MAIN MEMORY: Main Memory, also called RAM (Random Access Memory) is a temporary Storage directly controlled by Control Unit. Main Memory helps the control unit and the ALU by working as storage {for running programs and data. Main Memory is on the Motherboard with a number of additional chips electrically connected.Microsoft Windows is a powerful Application software. Windows shows Graphical tools on the screen which we need complete specific manager task ‘A user is wanting to perform better and fast in an Easy Environment. DOS and Basic Software do not provide these facilities. For this purpose, windows were written. It provides user- friendly environment. HOW MANY VERSIONS OF WINDOWS? ‘There are many versions of windows. WINDOWS UPGRADE: In the beginning Windows 3.1 version was introduced which was had these facilities. By the time, it was also developed to provide friendlier with more facilities. The history of the upgrade is as described under. WINDOWS 3.1: Windows 3.1 works with MS-DOS to control the overall activity of a computer. WINDOWS 95: Windows 95 is the development of windows 3.1. Windows 95 was a true Operating system because it did not need MS-DOS as operating system. This Operating System was more ‘graphical and easier to use than Windows 3.1. WINDOWS 98: Windows 98 was development of windows 95. This operating system was similar to Windows 95 but had many new and improved features. WINDOWS ME: Windows ME came after Windows 98 Windows ME stands for Windows Millennium Edition WINDOWS NT: Windows NT was a powerful version of the Windows operating system that provided advanced networking and security options. WINDOWS 2000: Windows 2000 was a replacement of Windows NT. This operating system offered improved networking and security options.WINDOWS XP: Windows XP is the latest version of Windows. This operating system offered improved Networking and security options. OPERATING SYSTEM: Operating system first load in a computer before it can be used for any useful work. When you turn on a computer, it goes through several steps to prepare itself for use. The first step is called the Power-On Self-Test (POST). The computer identifies the Devices. Attached to it identities the amount of memory available, and does a quick check to see whether the memory is functioning property. This routine is initiated by a part of the system software located in Read- ‘Only Memory (ROM) a chip that contains brief, Permanent instructions for starting the computer. PROCESSOR: ‘The processor is like the brain of the computer in the way that it organizes and caries out instructions that come from. either the user or the software. In a personal computer, the processor usually consists of one or more microprocessor (sometimes called “chip’). To Processor data, the computer passes electricity through the circuits to complete instructions. MOTHERBOARD: The microprocessor is plugged into the computer's motherboard. The motherboard is a Rigid rectangular eared containing the circuitry that connects the processor to the other hardware. ‘The motherboard is an example of a circuit board. In most personal computers, many intemal devices such as video cards, sound cards, disk controllers, and other devices are housed other ‘own smaller circuit board, which attach to the motherboard. A computer motherboard is the soul of your computer. This is where the most important entity, your computer processor, is embedded land the connection to all computer peripherals goes.CHAPTER #04 00 DATA PROCESSING CYCLE: Data processing cycle is a way to accomplish a work by computer. Ithas three basic steps: Input, Process and Output. The direction of data flow is shown in the following figure INPUT PROCESSING ONPUT DATA ‘SOFTWARE INFORMATION . INSTRUCTIONS ie [Ads 5 Nabors Ree 22 170 The Average se Number is 128 4 oF In the Input step we can use many Input Devices are used to enter data into computer. During Processing step the Input Data is processed in Central Processing Unit (CPU) of computer ‘on predefined rules (Program). This usually includes a sequence of certain processing operating. ‘The results of processing are sent for Output. These results can be sent too many Output Devices ata time. ELECTRONIC DATA PROCESSING (EDP): Processing which involves electronic equipment like keyboard CPU, monitor and printer is known as Electronic Data Processing. It is abbreviated as "EDP" Usually the computer department of an office is turned as EDP Department or EDP (Data Processing Department). This department is very essential for every organization to do fast and accurate computations. Electronic data processing also involves many persons, systems analyst, programmer, data entry ‘operator and managerial staff.CHAPTER #Q5 000 CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER: Computers are classified by to their size, speed, memory and peripherals attached to them. The main classifications of computer are . MAIN FRAME COMPUTER . MINI FRAME COMPUTER . MICRO COMPUTER . SUPER COMPUTER MAIN FRAME COMPUTER: itis big in size. It has fast speed it has large memory with larger storing capacity. Itis used with many terminals for input and takes out on printers. A group of experts is required to operate it. It is cost and maintenance are very high therefore only large companies can afford it. 2. MINI FRAME COMPUTER: it speeds of is slower than the main frame. It has less capacity to store information. It is also smaller than main frame computer. 3. MICRO COMPUTER: itis smallest of all the four classes of computers. It has slow speed, and small memory. it allows lesser to be attached. It is also very handy and light in weight. 4, SUPER COMPUTER: ‘Super computers are faster than main frame, mini frame and microcomputers. its Speed is maximum. Super computers are mainly used in nuclear weapons research, supersonic aircraft design, oil reservoir, simulation, in weather forecast stations and space research.ANALOG COMPUTER: ‘These are almost extinct today. These are different from a digital computer because an analog computer can perform several mathematical operations simultaneously. It uses continues variables for mathematical operations and utilizes mechanical or electrical energy. These computers are a combination of both digitaland analog computers. In this type of computers, the digital segments perform process control by conversion of analog signals to digital ones WORKSTATIONS: Multi-user midrange computers and personal computers are workstations. Workstations are specializing, single-user computers with many of the features of a personal computer but with the processing power of a minicomputer. These powerful machines are popular among scientists, engineers, graphic artists, animations, and programmers-users that need a great deal of number- crunching power. Workstation typically use advanced processors and feature more RAM and storage capacity than personal computers. Workstations are powerful single-user computers that are used by engineers, scientists and graphic artists. Like minicomputers, Workstations are often used as Network and Internet serves.COMPUTER SKILLS NOTES MICROCOMPUTER OR PERSONAL COMPUTER: The items Microcomputer and Personal Computer are interchangeable, but PC which ‘stands for personal computer-sometimes has a more specific meaning. In 1981, IBM called its first microcomputer the IBM-PC. NETWORK COMPUTER (NCs): if you want to use only the intemet, for example, it your job involves data entry, then you may not need the processing power, memory, and storage capacity of a fully equipped PC. In this instance a Network computer (NC) becomes useful A network computer is a less powerful version of a personal computer, with minimal processing power, memory and storage, (Some types of network computers provide no storage atall) In the mid-1990s, the concept of network computers become popular among some PC manufactures, who pronounced the NC as the future of computing. However, no single NC standard emerged as various hardware and software makers fought to command this new market. DESKTOP: ‘A desktop is intended to be used on single locations. The spare parts of a desktop computers, are readily available at relative lower costs. Power consumption is not as critical as that in laptops. Desktops are widely popular for daily use in workplaces and household. Similar in operation to desktop. laptop computers are miniaturized and optimized for mobile use. Laptops run ona single battery or an extemal adapter that changes the computer batteries. ‘They are enabled with an inbuilt keyboard, touch pad acting as a mouse and a liquid crystal display. Its portability and capacity to operate on battery power have served as a bom for mobile users. Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs): it is a handheld computer and popularly known as a palmtop. It has a touch screen and a memory card for storage of data. PDAs can also be effectively used as portable audio players, web browsers and smart phones. Most of them can access the Intemet by means of Bluetooth ‘or Wi-Fi communication.Apple Computer, ignited the personal computer revolution in the 1970s with the Apple Il ‘and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh. Apple is committed to bringing personal computing products and support to students, educators, designers. scientists, engineers, business persons and consumers in over 140 countries around the world. To achieve this goal, Apple reinvested approximately five percent of its 1998 sales in research and development. Apple computers are manufactured in the United States, Ireland, and Singapore and distributed via facilities are located in the United States, Europe, Canada, Australia, Singapore, and Japan. The articles included herein relate to Apple computers. What is Bluetooth? Bluetooth is a short range, low power consumption wireless technology that connects various electronic devices like mobile phones and laptops without the requirement of cables. Bluetooth is short (power-class-dependent, 1 meter, 10-meter, 100 meter) based on lower- cost transverse microchips in each device. Class 1 100 meter Class 2 25 meter Class3 1 meter High Speed Bluetooth (28 March 2006). Bluetooth Technology: Bluetooth provides low-cost wireless communications and networking between PCs. Mobile phones & other devices. Vat is Wi-Ei? WiFi (short for ‘Wireless Fidelity’) is a term for certain types of wireless local area network. ‘What is Wi-Max? Wi-Max is a wireless digital communication system also IEEE. That is intended for wireless “Metropolitan Area Network”. Wi-Max can provide broadband wireless access up to 30 miles (50 km) for fixed stations, and 3-10 miles (5-15 km) for mobiles stations. Wireless Local Area Network ‘standard is limited in most cases to only 100- 300 feet (30-100m). INFRARED: Infrared radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength longer than that of visible light, but shorter than that of microwaves. Infrared radiation has wavelengths between about 750mm ‘and 1 mm, spanning five orders of magnitude. DSL (Digital Subscriber Line): Digital data transmission over wires of local telephone networkWHAT IS INTERNET? The Intemet, (or intemet) is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and ‘goverment networks of local to global scope. linked by a board array of electronic, wireless and ‘optical networking technologies. WHAT IS INTRANET? ‘An intranet is a computer network for sharing information, collaboration tools, operational systems, and other computing services within an organization, usually to the exclusion of access bby outsiders. Alocal or restricted communication network, especially a private network created using World Wide Web software. ETHERNET: Ethemet is a physical and data link layer technology for local area network. IP UNTERNET PROTOCOL): IP is the primary network protocol used on the intemet developed in the 1970 on the Intemet ‘and many other networks. IP support unique addressing for computers on a Network. MIRUS: ‘A Computer virus is a software program which perform a malicious function that the other programs or damages the disk. This virus replicates itself within a computer. The first virus was developed by two brothers Basit Ali and Amjad Ali in 1986 at Lahore, Pakistan. . It infects the other programs t damages the disk It destroys the data of the disk ‘Sometimes it makes the PC Unusable ._ It increases the file size of the file on the disk but not affect its functioning.CHAPTER # 06 STORAGE DEVICES: Storage devices are used to store information in the computer. The size of storage devices is measured by Bytes, kilo Bytes, Mega Bytes and Giga Bytes etc. There are two main types, ‘of computer devices. 1. Intemal / Primary Storage Device. 2. Extemal / Secondary Storage Devices. 1. Internal / Primary Storage Device. Primary storage devices are mounted on the same board where the Microprocessor is places. These are divided into two types, such as RAM and ROM. a) RAM: RAM stands for Random Access Memory: it is a temporary memory of computer place the given information is this memory. All programs are loaded into RAM. When a computer is tumed off or power failure every information or data present in RAM is deleted. RAM is available in the shape of memory chips which are mounted on the Main Board. We can do and remove a memory chip from the main board very easily. b) ROM: ROM stands for READ-ONLY MEMORY. As the name implies, we can just read the information present in it, and cannot change it. thas a permanent nature. The data stored in ROM remains in it even when we tum off the computer or power failure. As we cannot change the previous information stored in ROM, so at the time of manufacturing vital information is saved in ROM by the manufacturer. ROM is also available in the shape ofchips which are mounted on the Main Board. 2. External / Secondary Storage Devices: Extemal Storage Devices are used to store the massive amount of information. There are a number of storage devices in the system unit. Some of which are. a) Hard Drive b) Floppy Drive c) CD-ROM Drive d) Flash Memory Drive. 16a) Hard Drive: A ‘Hard Drive” usually consists of several circular disk called platters on which data. instructions and information are stored magnetically. These drives are enclosed in an air tight ‘scaled case, which are often housed inside the system unit. Hard drive developed by IBM, first ‘entered the computer world in 1973. It is also called the fixed Disk Drive. If a hard drive has ‘only one partition, the hard drive usually is called or designated Drive G: in operating system.It itis divided into two or more partitions the First partition is designated Drive C: and the second partition is Brive D: and so on. The Speed of platters in the hard drive spin is measuredRevolution Per Minute (RPM). The Higher the RPM. The faster the hard drive can find and record data on the platters. b) Floppy Drive: “Floppy Drive” is a device that can read and write on a floppy disk. It grips the flexible plastic disk through the Centre Hub and rotates it inside a jacket. Thus, it makes reading or writing the information on the disk possible. In the early 1970's IBM introduced the floppy diskas a new ‘ype of storage device. These floppy disks were B-inchs wide. Then come floppy disks which were 5.25 inches wide. A 5.25 inches floppy disk could contain 1.2 MB of data today, the most widely used floppy disk is 3.5 inches wide. This floppy disk can contain 1.44 MB of data If a ‘computer has one floppy drive, the drive usually is called drive A. it the computer has two floppy drives, the second one usually is called Drive B. ¢) CD-ROM: Today, another storage device found in many personal computers is CD-ROM (Compact Disk-Read only Memory). A CD-ROM drive uses laser technology to read items on the CD Disks and to transmit the data, instructions and information to another device. | can store a lot of information and data. A single CD Disk can store more than 750 MB of data. This is equal to an entireset of encyclopedia or over 500 floppy disks. Thousands of ‘educational and entertaining titles are avaiable on CD Disk. Large libraries of programs and of art are also available on CD disk. We can move through topic covered on a CD disk and find topics of our interest in a few seconds. 4) COR: (Compact Disk- Record able) is a technology that allows us to write data on a compact disk using our own computer. DVD — ROM (Digital Video Disk - ROM) is a technology that can be used to store video item such as motions, pictures and movies. A DVD-ROM is an extremely high-capacity compact disk, which has a storage capacity starting at 4.7 GB which equals over six CD-ROM disks. v7e) Mobile Memory Disk. Mobile Memory Disk is a portable and pocketable USB storage device. IT allows us to share data between any notebookand Laptop PC to the Desktop computer through USB port. USB port is a special port to the backside of the system unit. It stands for Universal Serial Bus port. We can store all of our mass text files, presentations or multimedia files in this handy. Plug and Play Mobile disk. It comes form 16 MB to 2GB of capacity and more. f) CACHE MEMORY: Moving data between RAM and the CPU's registers is one of the most time- consuming operation's CPU must perform, simply because RAM is much slower than the CPU. A partial solution to this problem is to include a cache memory in the CPU. Cache (pronounced cash) memory is similar to RAM, except that is extremely fast compared to normal memory and it is used in a different way.CHAPTER #07 Monitor is an output device. When computer processes all types of information, it transmits them onto the monitor screen. Computer's monitor looks like a television. We can see all kinds of information on the Monitor. There are two types of monitor: . According to the Colors According to the Screen Types According to the Colors: There are two types of monitor: Monochrome Monitor b) Color Monitor a) Monochrome Monitor: Monochrome monitor is just like a Black and White television. It is a single-color monitor. Pictures cannot be so clearly seen on a monochrome monitor. b) Color Monitor: Color monitor can display different variety of colors. There are many types of color monitors. a) CGA (Color Graphic Adapter / Array) 4 color: b) EGA (Enhanced Graphic Adapter / Array) 16 colors. c) VGA (Video Graphic Adapter / Array) 16-256 colors. 1d) SVGA (Super Video Graphic Adapter / Array) 256-65 536. li, According to the Screen Types: There are two types of monitor a) Monitor with CRT Screen b) Monitor with LCD Screen a) Monitor with CRT Screen: CRT stands for Cathode Ray Tube. It is an electronic tube same as a TV screen. Singlecolor CRT uses a single electron gun to send beam of light while the color CRT uses three electron guns to send Red, Green and Blue colors to display. Mostly the monitor comes with these types of screens. But these days LCDscreen monitors are ‘becoming more popular all over the world.b) Monitor with LCD Screen: A flat panel Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) is Used in monitor and small note book sized PC’s like Laptop. The LCD screen looks like a digital watch and calculator’s screen a special liquid is placed between two plasters. The top plate is clear and bottom is reflective LCD cells produce ‘an image on these plates.‘THE TRACKPAD: The trackpad (also called a touchpad) is a stationary pointing device that many people find less trying to use than a mouse or trackball. The movement of a finger across a small touch surface is translated into pointer movement on the computer screen the touch-sensitive surface may be only 1.5- or 2-inches square. BAR CODE READERS: The most widely used input device after the keyboard and mouse is bar code reader the most ‘common type of bar code reader is the flatbed model. IMAGE SCANNER AND OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION (OCR): The bar code reader is a special type of image scanner. Image scanners (also called scanner) convert any printed image into electronic form by shining light onto the image and sensing the intensity of the light’s reflection at every point. PC PROJECTORS: A PC projector is a portable (moveable) light projector that connects to a PC. This type of projector is rapidly (ast) replacing traditional (used) slide projectors and overhead projectors ‘as a mean's for displaying presentations. Many PC projectors provide the same resolutions and color levels as high-quality monitors, but they project the image on a large screen. The newest PC projectors use digital light processing to project bright, crisp images. A DLP projector uses a special microchip that contains tiny mirrors to produce images. INTEL PROCESSORS: The intel Corporation is the largest manufacturer of microchips in the world. and is historically the leading provider of chips for PCs. In fact, Intel invented the Microprocessor, the so-called ‘computer on a chip. in 1971 with the 4004 model. This led to the first microcomputers that began ‘appearing in 1975. Even so, inte's success in this marker was not guaranteed until 1981 when IBM released the first IBM PC, which was based on the Intel 8088 microprocessor. How many types of Processor? There are many types of Processors: 1) INTEL PROCESSORS (1975) 2) RISC PROCESSORS (mid 1980) 3) Pre-Pentium Processors (1989) 4) CYRIX PROCESSORS (mid 1990) 5) The Pentium (1993) 6) The Pentium Pro (1995) 7) Pentium With MMX Technology (mid 1995) 218) The Pentium I (1997) 9) ADVANCED MICRO DEVICE (AMD) PROCESSORS (1998) 10)The Pentium ill (1999) 11)The K6 Processors (mid 1999) 12)The Athol Processors (August 1999) 13)MOTOROLA PROCESSORS (mid 1999) Information Technoloay: Information Technology or IT mainly deals with computer applications. The common work ‘environment today is totally dependent on computers. This has led to the need to develop and consistently upgrade dedicated computer software like project management software, for a ‘number of related requirements. These include storage and protection of contents, processing ‘and transmitting of dedicated information and the secured retrieval of information, when andas required. IT promotes computing technology, covering everything from installing applications to developing databases. Why is Information Technology Important? All our work-related applications are now completely automated, thanks to the IT sector. IT Professionals are people involved in essential management of sensitive data, exclusive computer networking and systems-engineering. The advancement of the IT sector has resulted in ‘automated Administration of entire systems. Production and manipulation of sensitive information. Cultural development and communication. Streamlining of business processes and timely up Gradation MIRUS: Software that damages your computers system. COLOR CARTRIDGES: A color cartridge is the thing that holds the Ink for your computer's printer. WORLD WIDE WEB: A part of the Intemet that lets you jump from site to site a lot quicker. ‘EMAIL: (Electronic Mail) A mail accessory that sends mail over the Internet. When your computer is connected to the Intemet. NETWORK: ‘A bunch of computers attached together to share information and programs. 2SPEAKER: ‘The part of the computer that plays the sounds. BAM (Random Access Memory): Memory chips in the computers that hold information to run your programs. RAM is temporary storage data or information. BOM (Read Only Memory): ‘A permanent memory chip that cannot be changed. This memory runs the computer. BIL: A small piece of information that gives directions to the computer. BYTE: A byte is also information that gives the computer directions. A byte contains eight bits. ‘SOFTWARE: The programs that run on the computer Software basically any instruction is called Software. HARDWARE: ‘The actual parts of the computer. Hardware basically any physical component is called Hardware. wINbOws: A program used by computers to organize the files and programs. DOS (Disk Operating System): The program that comes on the computer that runs programs and help you to save and ‘open files. DOS is a single user Operating System that supports only 640KB of memory. It features a Command-line interface.Microsoft Office is powerful Application Software. Microsoft Office is proprietary commercial office suite of inter-related desktop application, servers and services for the Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X operating system introduced by Microsoft in October 25" 1983 or 1989. Initially a marketing term for a bundled set of applications, the first version of Office contained Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, and Microsoft Power point. Over the years, office applications have grown substantially closer with shared features such as a common spell checker, OLE data integration, a Microsoft Visual basic for Applications scripting language. Microsoft also positions office as a development platform for line-of-business software under the office Business Applications brand, According to forester Research, as of June 2009, some version of Microsoft Office is used in 80% of enterprises, with 64% of enterprises using Office 2007 The current version of Microsoft 2010 for windows, released on June 15,2010 and Ottice 2011 for Mac OSX, released October 26,2010. (a) Microsoft Word: Microsoft Word is processing program for creating all Documents, such as: - Application . Letters . Blushers Banners Centticates Cards etc. (b) Microsoft Power Point: A presentation program is that, we can create and give on screen presentation for business or department etc. ADVANTAGES: ‘* This Microsoft Power Point is used in easily present the topic. ‘* This project assign in the present. DISADVANTAGES: ‘* This topic is BANK perform the power point doesn't a Microsoft Word or Microsoft Excel and other software, because do not allowed the Word, Excel. (6) Microsoft Excel: Microsoft Excel special used for numeric data, sheets, and sheet by shiFORMULA EXCEL FORMULA USE MAX =MAX (G5:A5) MIN =MIN (G5:A5) ‘Used to Less Value, LOWER =LOWER (G5) Used for Lower Case. UPPER =UPPER (G5) Used for Upper Case PROPER =PROPER (G5) Used for Title Case. COUNT =COUNT (65:5) Used to Count Value. COUNTBLANK =COUNTBLANK (G5:A5) Used to Blank Value, IF =IF(G5>0, PROFFIT"” LOSS") Used to Debit & Credit. PLUS =SUM (G5+G4) Used to Addition Value ‘SUBTRACTION =SUM (G5-G4) Used to Minus Value ‘Multiplication =SUM (G5°G4) Used to Mutipication Value DIVISION =SUM (65/61) Used to Division Value TOTAL =SUM (65:61) Used to Total Values. PERCENTAGE =SUM (G5"100/500) Used to Percentage. GRADE ((G5>=80," A", IF(G5>=70,"AIF(G5>=60,"8", (G5>=50,"C°,|F(G5>=40,"D" IF (G5<=39,"FAIL")))) Used for Grade of Marksheet, AVERAGE =SUM(G5/5) Used to Average of Value. REMARKS, =IF (G5>=80, Excellent’ f(g5>=70.-v. good", =IF (5>=60, good" if(g5>=50, NIC =IF (G5>=40,"NORMAL”,IF(G5<=39,"DULL")))))) Used to Remarks of Marksheet ‘SUMIF =SUMIF(G5:G1,">500",G5:G1) Used to Greater Value. ROMAN =ROMAN(G5) Used for Roman Value, =LEN(HS) Used for length ‘of Characters of words. =DATE(year,month,date) Used to date, month and year.DESCRIPTION =NOW(G5) =N(G5) Used to current date and time Used to same no. =1(G8) =TRIM(G5) CONCATENATE =CONCATENATE(G5,R5) Used to same text Used to same no. and samo toxt Used to two or mote cell combined data ‘one colt 1S TEXT sISTEXT(GS) Used to text true ISNONTEXT ISNONTE XT(G5) ‘Average OF NO =SUM(G5+G4+G3)/3 CHARACTER =CHAR(GS) CODE =CODE(G5) character LEFT #LEFT(G5.G2) Used to oft side display the character. RIGHT =RIGHT(G5.G4) Used to right side dsplay the character MID =MID(G5,64,G3) Used to mid side display the character REPT =REPT(G5,G4) Used to SUMIF =SUMIF(G5:G1,">500",65:61) COUNTIF =COUNTIF(RS:R1.°A") COUNTIF =COUNTIF(RS:R1,"P*) COUNTIF =COUNTIF(RS:R1,"L")SALE PARCHASE: [se PRODUCT PARCHASE 01 [CO 02_| RAM 03 | SPEAKER =SUM(G5-Ga) LIBERTY BOOK CORPORATION LIMITED: [S# | BOOKNAME NO. Introduction ‘To computer 440R =SUM(G5°G4) =SUM(G5"33/100) =SUM(G5-G4) UTILITY STORE HYDERABAD: [s PRODUCT aw 01 _| SUGUR 100 1000 ‘=SUM(G5°GA) =SUM(G5-G4) AGICULTURE DEPARTMENT: 01 _| KHAN. 2000 200 200 =SUM(G5GI) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT: NAME | BASICPAY | TA/DA ‘BONUS 01_| KHAN | 20000 2000 | 3000 "3000 ‘= SUM(G5+G4+G3+G2-G1) =SUM(G5:G1) =SUM(G6-G5-G4-G3)COMPUTER SKILLS NOTES Short Keys or Hot Keys for MS-WORD HOT KEY DESCRIPTION Cirl+ A Select All Data Cirl+B Bold Data Cirl+C Copy Ctrl+V Paste Ciel Align Left Side Cr+ R ‘Align Right Side Cr+ Center Side Cr+ J Align Justify Cirl+N ‘New Document Ctl+0 ‘Open Document Cr+ ‘Save Document Ctl+P Print (Cirl+ Alt + Space ‘One File Minimize Start Menu + D Al File Minimize Alt + Tab Restore and Selection Files Ct +] increase Font Size Cid [ Decrease Font Size Cte + Down Data Ci+ Shift ++ Up Data Ctrl+D ‘Open Font Menu Cis Fa Close Current File Ci+Z ‘Undo Ci +¥ Redo Ct x Cut Cth + F Find Cil+H Replace Cis Go To Ctrl+K Hyperlink Ctrl+ Shift+E Track Change F7 Spelling and Grammar Ft Microsoft Word Help Shift + Fi ‘What is this? Alt + Shift + Print the current Time Ait + Shift + D Print the Curent Data Alt + Shift + J All data Justify Ctr + Shift +Z ‘All data Actions and Create Normal Data Alt + Shift + H ‘Open Help Menu Cir + Shift + Bullets Ctr + Shift+P Select the font Size Ctl + Shift + G ‘Open the Word Count Menu Ctrl + Alt +D Used footnote Current Insertion Point Ctrl Alt+S ‘Spit Ctrl + At +F Used Footnote Bottom8 HOT KEY DESCRIPTION Cirl+) Line spacing Cite italic CW U Underline Cil+M Used Tab Cit +W Close Page Cil+T Position Tab Alt Select Menu bar Ciri+ Alt + Delete [Open windows Task Manager Ctrl + Alt +t Heading 1 Cit + Alt +2 Bold italic Cr+ AlL43 Bold Cit+F2 Print Preview _ ‘Open find and replace menu ‘Open Macro Menu ‘Alt + F10 Maximize file Ci + F12 ‘Open Menu COMPUTER OPEN MACHINE PRINT USE TRANSMIT ELECTRONIC REPORT Random Access Memory Read Only Memory Hyper Text Transfer Protocol File Transter Protocol Central Processing Unit Arithmetic and Logic Unit Memory Unit Control Unit World Wide Web Color Graphic Array 7 Adapter Extended Graphic Array / Adapter 29COMPUTER SKILLS NOTES ABBREVIATION Full Form VGA ‘Video Graphic Array / Adapter SVGA Super Video Graphic Array / Adapter DOS. Disk Operating System ESC EISA System Component / Escape BIOS Basic Input Output System POST Power On-Self Test Os: ‘Operating System CD-ROM ‘Compact Disk-Read Only Memory GUL Graphical User Interface 18M Intemational Business Machine TCPIP, ‘Transmission Control Protocol/ Intemet Protocol cD Liquid Crystal Display CRT Cathode Ray Tube HTML Hyper Text Markup Language URL Uniform Resource Locator USB. Universal serial Bus IsP Intemet Service Provider 3D 3 Dimension AM ‘Amplitude Modulation ‘ARC Nei ‘Attached Resource Computer network ARPANET ‘Advanced Research Projects Agency Network AVI ‘Audio Video Interleave BMP, Bitmap CAVE Cave Automatic Virtual Environment CBE ‘Computer Based Education CBT ‘Computer Based Training CD-ROM ‘Compact Disk Read Only Memory CPAV Central Point Anti Virus CSMAICD, Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision Detection CSUDSU ‘Channel Service Unit/ Digital Service Unit DEMS Data Base Management System Dix Digital Intel and Xerox DNA Digital Network Architecture DNS Domain Name Service E-MAIL Electronic Mail EMI Electromagnetic interference FDDI Fiber Distributed Data Interface FM Frequency Modulation FTP. File Transfer Protocol GIF ‘Graphics interchange Format HMD_ Head Mounted Display IPXISPX Interwork packet Exchange/Sequence packet Exchange IRC. Intemet Service Provider 30Joint Picture Expert Group Local Area Network Metropolitan Area Network Million Bits Per Second Musical Instrument Digital Interface Miltary Network MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 Motion Picture Experts Group Microsoft Anti- Virus Norton Anti-Virus ‘American Online Network Interface Card National information Technology Council New Technology Platform independent Document Format Phase Modulation Portable Network Graphics Post Office Protocol Polyvinyl! chloride Relational Database Management System Registered Jack-45 ‘Simple Mail Transfer protocol ‘System Network Architecture Structured Query Language Shielded Twisted Pair Transmission control protocoV/intomot Protocol Uninterruptible power supply [Uniform Resource Locator [Unshiolded Twisted Pair Virtual Reality Virtual Reality Modeling Language Very small Aperture Terminal ‘Wide Area Network toveratng rating system, Digital Versatile Disc Poabe Documents Format Network Access Control Network Address Translation Multiprotocol Label Switching Visible Light Communication ‘Another Disc Obliterated by Elements Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited