Chapter 8

Sectional Views
 Contents
Sectional View (Main concept and goal)

Basic components: - Cutting Plane or sectional Plane.

- Cutting Plane Line.
- Section Lines (Hatching).

Types of sectional views: - Full sectional view.

- Half sectional view.
- Offset section.

Some Important sections: - Revolved Section.

- Removed section.
- Broken out section (Local section).
- Aligned section.

Parts not Sectioned (Ribs /webs, Pins, shafts, gear teeth, nuts …. etc)

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 Purpose of Sectioning

On many occasions, the interior of an object is complicated or the component

parts of a machine are drawn assembled.

The interior features are represented by hidden lines in usual orthographic views,
which results in confusion and difficulty in understanding the drawing.

In order to show such features clearly, one or more views are drawn as if a
portion had been cut away to reveal the interior.

This procedure is called sectioning and the view obtained after cutting the
object in order to show the inner details by an imaginary cutting plane is known as

sectional view.

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Basic components
1. Cutting Plane

2. Cutting Line

3. Section lines/Hatching
The lines used to represent the
material which has been cut by the
cutting plane are called section
lines. They are also called hatchings
and crosshatchings Eng.Nesreen Al-zaatreh
 Cutting Plane and Cutting Plane Line (CPL)
- The imaginary plane by which the object is assumed to be cut is called the
cutting plane or sectional plane.
- The cutting plane used in sectioning is indicated by a line in a view adjacent
to sectional view, this line is called cutting plane line
- Arrow heads indicate the direction in which the
cut away object is viewed.
Direction 1 Direction 2 Direction 3
Given

CPL

Section
view

Section
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CPL view view
 Kind of sections

1. Full section
2. Offset section

3. Half section

4. Broken-out section

5. Revolved section (aligned section)

6. Removed section (detailed section)

7. Aligned section

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 Full section : Concept & example
A section view is made by passing the straight cutting
plane completely through the part.
Example

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Conventional practice : Treatment of a hidden line
Hidden lines are usually omitted within the section lined area.

Example

Hidden lines
present.

Hidden lines
are omitted.
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 Offset section : Concept & example
A section view is made by passing the bended cutting
plane completely through the part.

Example

Edge views of
the cutting
plane
are omitted
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Kinds of sections
 Half section : Concept & example
A section view is made by passing the cutting plane halfway
through an object and remove a quarter of it.

Example

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Kinds of sections
 Aligned Section
Aligned section is a section view that is drawn by imaginary
rotating the object’s features appeared in a principal view about
symmetry axis.

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 Broken-out section : Concept & example
A section view is made by passing the cutting plane normal
to the viewing direction and removing the portion of an
object in front of it.
Example

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Kinds of sections
 Conventional practices
The sectioned and unsectioned
portions are separated by
a break line.
Break line is freehand drawn
as a thin continuous line (4H).
Cutting plane line is not
necessary.

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 Revolved section : Concept & example
Some parts of an object have to be rotated to show the section.
The cutting plane is passed perpendicular to the axis of the part to be cut.
 The cut portion is revolved 90º and drawn in this position (i.e. turning the
section until it is parallel with the plane of projection).
The resulting view is a Revolved (Rotated) section.

Example
a

b
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Revolved section

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 Removed section : Concept
This type of section is a revolved section drawn outside of the normal view.
 They are used if there is restricted space for section or dimensioning
prevents the use of an ordinary rotated section.
Several sections may be required when shape of the part is not uniform.
These sections are represented by a series of cutting planes and identifying
letters (e.g. Section A-A, B-B, C-C and so on).

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 Removed section
Example : Revolved vs. removed sections. :
Comparison with a revolved section

Revolved section Removed section

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Comparison of a different section techniques

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 Ribs and Webs in Section

 Therefore, cross-hatching is eliminated from the ribs and webs when the
cutting plane passes longitudinally through them (flatwise cut)

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EXAMPLE : RIB

Normal multiview drawing

Normal section view
Section view drawing with
convention

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EXAMPLE : WEB : flatwise cut

Normal multiview drawing

Normal section view
Section view drawing with
convention
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EXAMPLE : WEB : crosswise cut

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Important notes:
1.Section lining or cross-hatching lines should not be parallel or perpendicular
to any main visible line bounding the sectioned area.

2.No hidden Lines inside the section, drawing just a visible details.
3.Cross-hatching is eliminated from the ribs and webs in flatwise cut.
4.Revolved and Removed suctions are used to show the cross-sectional area
of an objects such as connecting rod, arms, beams, shafts.

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