PRIME NUMBERS | AGENDA

Page
Objectives Numbers

- Review Basic Concepts

- Write a Number as a Product of its

Prime Factors 4-8
- Write Prime Factors Using Index
Notation 13 - 14
- Prime Number Decomposition (Tree
Diagram)
Warm-up | matching activity
TERM DEFINITION
A number that divides another
Prime Number
number exactly.
Number that is only divisible by
Integer
itself and one .
The result of one number
Factor
multiplied by another.
Whole number, that is NOT a
Mulitple or Product
fraction.
Indices A number raised to a power.
Basic Principles | calculations
There are many ways to do complex calculations.
Thinking about how you do sums in your head can allow you
to use new methods and make difficult mathematics easier.

Work out 12 × 704 without using a calculator. = 8448

How did you do it? ((100 ×

12) × 7 ) + (12
2 × 704) × 4)
704) + (
(10 ×
(4 × 10) + (4 × 2)
+ (700 × 2) +
(700 × 10)
Basic Principles | calculations
The methods you use may be different, but the answer
will be the same.
Let’s try another calculation.
Work out 4550 ÷ 5 without using a calculator. = 910
How did you do it? ÷ 5)
) + (50
(455 500 ÷ 5
÷ 5) ÷ 5) + (
× 10 (4000 (4550
÷ 10)
×2
Which method is the easiest? Which is the fastest?
Basic Principles | multiples
Multiple: the result of one number multiplied by
another.
Example: 12 is a multiple of 4.

Practice: Give 4 multiples of 7.

7, 14, 21, 28, ...70, 77, 84, 91, ...623, 630, 637, 644...
Basic Principles | factors
Factor: the factors of a number are the numbers that
divide into it exactly.
Example: 4 is a factor of 12.

Practice: Give all the possible factors of 45.

1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45
Basic Principles | prime numbers
Prime numbers: a prime number has two factors. It
can only be divided exactly by 1 and itself.

Example: 7 can only be divided by 7 and 1 to give an integer.

Hint: ‘1’ is not
Practice: considered a
what are the first ten prime numbers: prime number.
It only has one
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29 factor.

Which of the following numbers are prime?

65, 66, 67
67
Numbers as a Product of Primes | introduction
Any Integer >1 can be made from PRIMES

To make an integer >1 from primes, you multiply prime

numbers together.

2 2 2 5
2 2 3 3 2 5 2 2 2 2
2×2×2=8 3×3=9 2 × 5 = 10 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 = 320

Primes are the building blocks for all integers

Numbers as a Product of Primes | questions
What are the products of the following primes?
7
7 3 3 2 2
2 5 = 70 2 2 2 = 504 2 2 2 = 32
Which prime numbers can we multiply together to produce
the following values?
12 33 509 240 5
3 509 is a prime number 2 3
2 2 3 11 509 2 2 2
Notation | introduction
Index notation is a way of writing repeated
multiplications quickly.
You can show the
multiplication of like Expanded notation
terms with index 256,000 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
notation. ×2×2×2×2×2×5×5×5
The number of
x y times the base
value is multiplied
Index notation
256,000 = 211 x 53
The base value
Notations | textbook questions

Maths Progress 8
Page: 13
Question: Prime
Factors 1 a-c
Notations | textbook answers
Prime factors
1. Write each product using index notation (powers).
The first one has been done for you.
a. 11 × 11 × 11 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 7 × 2 = 113 × 74 × 2 = 2 × 74 × 113

b. 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 5 × 3 = 24 × 52 × 3 = 24 × 3 × 52

c. 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 2 × 7 = 55 × 33 × 2 × 7 = 2 × 33 × 55 × 7
Notations | extra practice questions
In your notebooks, complete the equations and write them
using index notation.
2 × 2 × ? × 3 = 36 22 × 32 = 36
2 × ? × ? × 3 × 3 × 3 = 324 22 × 34 = 324
In your notebooks, complete the equations and write them
using expanded notation.
23 × 5 × 7 = ? 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 = 280
2? × 32 × 13 = 936 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 13 = 936
Prime Factors | introduction
We can use a prime factor decomposition tree
to find the prime factors of a number.
Find the next two biggest
18 FACTORS
How do we write this
9 is not prime. Split 9 into as a PRODUCT using
2 9 a pair of FACTORS INDICES?
Two is PRIME, Three is PRIME, so 18 = 2 × 32
so this branch 3 3 these branches are
is DONE DONE

18 = 2 × 3 × 3
Prime Factors | textbook questions

Maths Progress 8
Page: 14
Questions: 2 - 3
Prime Factors | answers
Question 2.
a. Copy and complete the factor tree for the number 630
until you end up with just prime factors.
630
63 10
9 7 2 5
3 3
b. Use index notation to write 630 as the product of its
prime factors. 630 = 2 × 32 × 5 × 7
Prime Factors | answers
Question 3. Use the factor tree to write each number as a
product of its prime factors.
a.92 b.160
2 46 2 80
2 23 2 40
2 20
2 10
92 = 2 × 23
2 160 = 2 × 5
5
2 5
Prime Factors | answers
Question 3. Use the factor tree to write each number as a
product of its prime factors.
c.156 d.195 e.441
2 78 5 39 3 147
2 39 3 13 3 49
3 13 7 7

156 = 22 × × 3 × 13 195 = 3 × 5 × 13 441 = 32 × 72

Prime Factors | questions
Write the prime factorisation of each number. Use indices
if possible. If the number is prime, write prime.
1. 32 2. 31 3. 49
25
___________ prime
___________
72
___________

4. 39 5. 40 6. 81
3___________
× 13 2___________
3× 5 3 4
___________

7. 216 8. 625 9. 729

2 3 × 33
___________ 54
___________ 36
___________
 Prime Factors | factorisation race
Complete the prime factor tree. Fastest (correct tree) wins.
A. B. C. D.
36 81 54 140
 Prime Factors | factorisation race
Complete the prime factor tree. Fastest (correct tree) wins.
A. B. C. D.
36 81 54 140

2 18 3 27 2 27 2 70

2 9 3 9 3 9 2 35

3 3 3 3 3 3 5 7
 Summary Quiz
You will now complete a summary quiz.

This quiz will cover all of the concepts in today’s lesson and
apply them to solving problems.

You have a set amount of time to complete the quiz.

Summary Quiz | answers

Now swap your quiz with your partner so you can

mark each others work.
Summary Quiz | answers

Follow the rubric at the bottom of the quiz to see how

well you did!
Summary Quiz | answers
Question 1.
a. What number is not a factor of 32? 9

b. What are the first three multiples of 22? 22 44 66

c. What is the missing prime number of this sequence of primes? 11
2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29?
d. Which two prime numbers were multiplied together 7 19
to give 133?
Summary Quiz | answers
Question 2.
Write each number as a product of its primes in expanded and index form.

a. b.

2×5×5
____________________= 50 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 7 448
___________________________=
(expanded form) (expanded form)

2 × 52
____________________= 50 26 × 7
________________________= 448
(index form) (index form)
Summary Quiz | answers
Question 3.
Draw the prime factor decomposition trees for the following numbers.
a. 81 b. 244 c. 624

9 9 2 312
2 122
2 156
3 3 3 3 2 61 2 78
2 39
3 13
Summary Quiz | answers
Question 4.
a = 23 × 3 × 5 = 120 Calculate the value of
�
b=2 ×3×5 = 30 +d
��
c = 22 =4 and write the two prime
d=3×7 = 21 factors of your answer.
� 120 120
+d = + 21 = + 21 = ��
��
30 × 4 120

2 11
Prime Factors | decrypting codes
Secret agents, let’s make and break some codes!
Prime Factors | decrypting codes
In these codes, the prime factors of a number indicate how many
places a letter in the code needs to be shifted forward in the alphabet.
Code key: Code:
What are the What is the first
10 prime A J BZ What does the
letter of the
message say?
factors of 10? 2 525 coded message?
2&5 COD E
2) we need to apply the
3) Last, we need to shift
prime factors to the coded
1) we need to find the each letter forward by the
message. We will always use
prime factors of the key. corresponding value to
the smaller prime factors
show the message.
first.

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Prime Factors | decrypting codes
Using the same method, let’s break a longer code.

Remember to
Code Key: Code: shift each letter
713 WLRGYSBEMRKCREBJCV forward in the
alphabet by the
23 31 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 3 1 2 3 number of
What are the prime Y O U HA V E F O U N D T HE K E Y places shown
factors of 713?
by the prime
factor key.
A B C D E FG H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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