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WHEN DO WE USE THE PRESENT

PERFECT SIMPLE?

For actions which happened at an indefinite FORM:

time in the past but we don’t mention
exactly when as the exact time is not + Affirmative
important. These actions often have
consequences in the present.
Peter has broken his leg.
(He can’t walk now.)
subject + have / has + past participle of
2. For actions which happened in the the main verb
past but we don’t mention an exact I / You / We / They have completed the
time. task.
He has seen that film. He / She / It has completed the test.

3. Recent actions completed

a short time ago (or where we expect
the results to be imminent) where - Negative
results are often visible in the present.
In this case we usually use just,
already and yet.
Carlos has just finished his subject + haven’t / hasn’t + past participle
homework. of the main verb
Have you done your I / You / We / They haven´t eaten lunch.
homework yet? He / She / It hasn´t eaten lunch.
Maria has already tidied
her room.
4. Experiences that we have or ? Interrogative
haven’t had in our lives, there is not a
definite time given - “up to now”. In this
case we use ever and never.
Have you ever been to
Gabon? Affirmative
I have never been to Have / has + subject + past participle of
the main verb
Spain.
Have I / you/ we / they been here long?
5. For an action that began in the Has he / she / it been here long?
past and is related to now: often used Negative
with Since and For. Haven’t / hasn’t + subject + past participle
I have taught at this of the main verb
school for three years. Haven’t I / you/ we / they been here
before?
6. When we talk about how many Hasn’t he / she / it been here before?
times we have repeated an action:
Stella has seen that film
four times.
Short Answers
7. When we talk about how much we
have completed.
I’ve written 2 pages of
my composition. Examples:
Q: Have you closed the door?
8. When we talk about a time A: Yes, I have / No, I haven’t.
period that is not finished such as this Q: Has she left the party?
morning, this month, today, this A: Yes, she has. / No, she hasn’t.
afternoon.
I have seen him today.
Created by Enid Venter – South Africa
 THIS MORNING / THIS WEEK / THIS MONTH / THIS YEAR / TODAY / ETC…
Use: Affirmative, negative and interrogative. These expressions are used when the period of time is
unfinished at the time of speaking.
Word Order: At the end or at the beginning of the sentence. With the interrogative it appears at the end of
the sentence.
Example: Have you read the newspaper this morning? (It is before 12:00 midday.)
Note the difference:
Did you read the newspaper this morning? (It is after 12:00 midday.)

FOR SINCE EVER

Use: Affirmative and negative Use: Affirmative and negative Use: Interrogatives. We use it
sentences. It refers to the sentences. It refers to the in questions about experiences
duration of the action – a period starting point of the action. that have / haven’t happened
of time. Word Order: Before ‘the at any time up to the present.
Word Order: Before ‘the action or time’. Word Order: Between have /
period of time’. Example: They have lived in has + subject and the past
Example: I have taught at this South Africa since 1994. participle (that is before the
school for two years. I have spoken French since I past participle).
was a child. Example: Have you ever
driven a sports car?

NEVER LATELY RECENTLY

Use: Affirmative - has a Use: Affirmative, negative and Use: Affirmative, negative and
negative meaning. We use it to interrogative. interrogative.
say that something hasn’t Word Order: At the end of the Word Order: Between have /
happened at any time up to the sentence. has and the past participle or at
present Example: I haven’t been to the the end of the sentence.
Word Order: Between have / cinema lately. Example: He has recently
has and the past participle (that bought a new car.
is before the past participle).
Example: I have never jumped
off a bridge.

JUST YET ALREADY

Use: Affirmative. We use it to Use: In negatives and Use: Affirmative sentences.
talk about something that was interrogatives. Shows that an action was
completed / happened recently. In negative sentences – shows completed before the time of
Word Order: Between have / that an action has not speaking, sometimes before it
has + subject and the past happened but that we think it was expected to happen.
participle (that is before the past will happen. Word Order: Between have /
` participle). Word Order: At the end of the has and the past participle.
Example: The man has just had sentence. Example: She has already paid
an accident. Example: She hasn’t eaten the fee.
yet.

For most regular verbs ……………………………….... add –ed Example: walk - walked
Spelling Rules:
Regular verbs ending with –e ……………………………. add –d Example: live - lived
Regular verbs ending with a –y ……………………. add –ed Example: play – played
preceded by a vowel
Regular verbs ending with a -y …………………. change the –y to –i then add –ed Example: cry -
preceded by a consonant cried
Regular verbs ending with a ……………………….. double the final consonant before adding –ed
consonant + one vowel + Example: slip – slipped (there are exceptions such
one consonant as ‘visit – visited’)

Created by Enid Venter – South Africa

1. Complete the sentences using the 2. Make present perfect questions with
present perfect as in the example. ‘ever’ using the clues.

a. They __________ (BUY) a new house. a. ride / an elephant ?

They have bought a new house. Have you ever ridden an elephant?
b. eat / raw meat ?
b. Carlos __________ (VİSİT) San Diego
________________________________
three times.
c. spend / a day in prison ?
c. Thomas ________ (LOSE) his passport. ________________________________
d. Stella _________ (DO) her homework. d. go / fishing ?
e. They _________ (GO) to the cinema. ________________________________
f. Michael ______________ (SEE) Diane e. been / to Cape Town ?
today. ________________________________
g. Maria ______________ (IRON) her dress. f. drive / a bus ?
________________________________

3. Complete the sentences with a 4. Use the sentences to complete the

word from the box. crossword puzzle.
DOWN
since already ago just 1. Michael hasn't _____ (stop) smoking yet.
ever for never yet still 2. The plane has _____(fly) into a storm.
3. The boxer has ____ (lose) the fight against
a. We have lived in this house ______ a his opponent.
long time. 4. Thomas hasn't ____ (complete) his
b. I have’t seen Sam ________ last week. homework.
c. He doesn’t want to have lunch. He 5. Valdimar has ____ (forgive) his girlfriend
has _____________ eaten. for cheating on him.
d. Vanda has _________ been to Spain, 6. The soldiers have ____(advance) against
but she would like to go there. their enemy.
e. Mary hasn’t arrived ______, but she
should be here soon.
1 5

2 8

ACROSS 3 4 6
1. Joseph isn't feeling well. He hasn't
_____ (sleep) well for three nights. 3
2. My father has accidently ____ (cut)
his finger with a sharp knife.
3. The secretary hasn't _____ 4
(photocopy) the document for her boss.
4. The little boy has ____ (cry) without
5. Write the questions to fit the 6. Circle the correct word from those
stopping since he lost his toy.
following answers. Use the word in given 5 in bold. Write the questions to fit
5. Sheila has just ____ (break) her
bracketsornament
favourite in your question.
and is very upset. the following answers.
6. Stephen has you
1. Q: Have just
never woken
____ (play)up? (just) 1. They have eat/ are eating / eaten
A: Yes,
football. I woke up five minutes ago. two apples each.
2 9
2. Q: ________________________ (yet) 2. He has always smokes / smoked /
7. Ben has ____ (write) an exceptionally
A: Yes, I had breakfast at 6 o’clock. smoking twenty cigarettes a day!
good essay. 6
3. Q: ________________________ (ever) 3. My sister has just makes / making /
8. Justin has just ____ (throw) the ball
A: Yes, I broke my leg last year. made a chicken sandwich.
over
4. the
Q: wall.
________________________ (already)
9. I have ___ (have) fish for dinner. 4. Jessie has already washes /
A: Yes, I have made the dinner. I 7
washed / washing up after dinner.
finished it earlier than usual.
5. Charles has paid / pays / pay the bill
5. Q: ________________________ (recently)
in the restaurant.
A: No, I haven’t been to a zoo since I
was twelve. 6. The dog has jump / jumping /
6. Q: ________________________(ever) jumped over the stream.
A: No, Steve has never Created
playedby Enid Venter
football. – 7.
South Sam
Africahas just calling / calls / called
me on my phone to invite me to a party.
8. Freda has never being / be / been to
Brazil.
 7. Complete with ‘already’ or ‘yet’ as in We use “for”
the example. when we refer to
1. I’m not hungry. I have ______ had dinner. a period of time.
I’m not hungry. I have already had Example:
dinner. I have attended this
2. They haven’t gone to sleep __________. school for three months.
3. Sally has ____________ done her
homework. We use “Since” to refer to when things
4. Have you been to the park ________? began.
5. Adam has ____________ visited Italy. Example:
- I've lived in Ireland since 2009.
-
8. Extend the sentences. Use the example to help you.

1. He is repairing the broken television. He has repaired the broken television.

2. The children are playing in the garden. ______________________________________
3. Charlotte is running to the chemist. ______________________________________
8. Complete with ‘for’ or ‘since’ as in the
4. My father is having a shower. ______________________________________
example.
5. Bruno is washing his new car. 1. Tom has attended this university ______
______________________________________
6. Vera is answering the letter from her friend. three years.
______________________________________
Tom has attended this university for
7. John is brushing his teeth. ______________________________________
three years.
8. Carey is writing her final tests. ______________________________________
2. Emmie has studied English _________
she was twelve.
3. Branka has had ‘flu ________ 3 days.
9. Complete with ‘for’ or ‘since’ as in
4. They have lived in that house _______
Add –ed to the the1994.
example.
root form of 1. Tom has attended this university ______
three years.
regular verbs to
Tom has attended this university for
form the past three years.
participle. 2. Emmie has studied English _________
BUT–Remember the spelling rules!! she was twelve.
Irregular verbs don’t follow this pattern. 3. Branka has had ‘flu ________ 3 days.
Examples: 4. They have lived in that house _______
(regular verb) walk- worked – worked 1994.
(irregular verb) fly flew flown

1. I’m not hungry. I have ______ had dinner.

I’m not hungry. I have Created
alreadybyhad
Enid Venter – South Africa
dinner.
2. They haven’t gone to sleep __________.
3. Sally has ____________ done her
homework.